公开(公告)号：US5579194A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-26

申请号：US354999

申请日：1994-12-13

申请人： Raymond W. Mackenzie ,  Joseph C. Engel

发明人： Raymond W. Mackenzie ,  Joseph C. Engel

IPC分类号： H01H47/32 ,  H02H6/00 ,  H02H5/04

CPC分类号： H01H47/325 ,  H02H6/005

摘要： A motor starter includes separable contacts interconnected between an alternating current (AC) power source and an AC motor for switching an AC load current which flows from the power source and through the separable contacts; a dual-slope analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion circuit for sensing the load current and generating a current value; and a microcomputer with a coil drive circuit for selectively opening the separable contacts as a predetermined function of the current value. The dual-slope A/D conversion circuit includes current transformers for sensing the AC load current and for selectively providing a received current therefrom, a current reference for selectively providing a reference current, a multiplexer for multiplexing the currents, and a class B preamplifier for amplifying and rectifying the multiplexed AC current. The dual-slope A/D conversion circuit also includes a dual-slope integrator which generates an integration value by positively integrating the received current and by negatively integrating the reference current; a comparator which compares the integration value with a predetermined threshold value and generates a comparison signal for the microcomputer; and a bias amplifier for biasing the current transformers with a voltage which is about equal to a bias voltage of the preamplifier. The preamplifier, the dual-slope integrator, and the bias amplifier may each include a Norton amplifier.

摘要翻译： 电动机起动器包括互连的交流电（AC）电源和交流电动机之间的可分离触点，用于切换从电源和可分离触点流出的交流负载电流; 用于感测负载电流并产生电流值的双斜率模数（A / D）转换电路; 以及具有用于选择性地打开可分离触点的线圈驱动电路作为电流值的预定函数的微型计算机。 双斜率A / D转换电路包括用于感测AC负载电流并用于选择性地提供其接收电流的电流互感器，用于选择性地提供参考电流的电流参考，用于多路复用电流的多路复用器和用于 放大并整流多路交流电流。 双斜率A / D转换电路还包括双斜率积分器，其通过积极积分所接收的电流并通过对参考电流进行负积分来产生积分值; 比较器，其将积分值与预定阈值进行比较，并产生微机的比较信号; 以及偏置放大器，用于以大约等于前置放大器的偏置电压的电压来偏置电流互感器。 前置放大器，双斜率积分器和偏置放大器可以各自包括诺顿放大器。

公开(公告)号：US5315531A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-24

申请号：US915171

申请日：1992-07-15

申请人： David M. Oravetz ,  Robert T. Elms ,  Joseph C. Engel ,  Frank Klancher ,  Thomas J. Kenny

发明人： David M. Oravetz ,  Robert T. Elms ,  Joseph C. Engel ,  Frank Klancher ,  Thomas J. Kenny

IPC分类号： G01R21/133 ,  G01R21/00 ,  G01R22/00 ,  G08C25/00 ,  H05K11/00

CPC分类号： G01R21/133

摘要： A PC computer monitors the energy, power, voltage, and current consumed at a plurality of local stations placed behind the electrical meter of the utility company for individual billing of the local users, a bidirectional communication line being used therebetween. A command from the PC computer causes at each station the power, voltage, current and totalized energy to be stored, and thereafter the PC computer derives individually the results for separate estimations and central billing.

摘要翻译： PC计算机监视在公用事业公司的电表之后的多个本地电台消耗的能量，功率，电压和电流，用于本地用户的单独计费，其间使用双向通信线路。 来自PC机的命令导致每个站的功率，电压，电流和总能量被存储，此后，PC计算机分别得出结果以进行单独的估计和中央计费。

公开(公告)号：US5224006A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

申请号：US765759

申请日：1991-09-26

申请人： Raymond W. MacKenzie ,  Joseph C. Engel

发明人： Raymond W. MacKenzie ,  Joseph C. Engel

IPC分类号： H01H71/28 ,  H02H1/00 ,  H02H1/04 ,  H02H1/06 ,  H02H3/093 ,  H02H3/33 ,  H02H3/44

CPC分类号： H02H1/0015 ,  H02H3/33 ,  H01H71/28 ,  H02H1/043 ,  H02H1/063 ,  H02H3/093 ,  H02H3/331 ,  H02H3/335 ,  H02H3/44

摘要： A circuit breaker bandwidth limits a sensed rate of change of current, di/dt, in the neutral conductor of a protected electrical system and fullwave rectifies the bandwidth limited di/dt signal for comparison with an instantaneous trip reference signal. The bandwidth is selected to provide a selected relative sensitivity of the instantaneous trip to sinusoidal currents associated with overcurrent faults and step currents associated with sputtering arc faults. The rectified bandwidth limited di/dt signal is also filtered and delayed for comparison with a delayed trip reference signal. The time constant for the filter is selected to provide a selected relative sensitivity of the delayed trip to overcurrent faults and sputtering arc faults. A low mu sensing coil used to generate the di/dt signal can also serve as the neutral current sensing coil of a dormant oscillator ground fault protection system.

摘要翻译： 断路器带宽限制了受保护电气系统的中性导体中感测到的电流变化率di / dt，并对带宽限制的di / dt信号进行全波整流，以便与瞬时跳闸参考信号进行比较。 选择带宽以提供与过电流故障和与溅射电弧故障相关的步进电流相关联的正弦电流的所选择的相对灵敏度。 整流带宽限制di / dt信号也被滤波和延迟以与延迟跳闸参考信号进行比较。 选择滤波器的时间常数，以提供延迟跳闸对过电流故障和溅射电弧故障的选定相对灵敏度。 用于产生di / dt信号的低μ感测线圈也可以用作休眠振荡器接地故障保护系统的中性电流感测线圈。

公开(公告)号：US4912522A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-27

申请号：US232982

申请日：1988-08-17

申请人： Robert M. Oates ,  Leonard C. Vercellotti ,  J. Richard Hansen ,  Joseph C. Engel

发明人： Robert M. Oates ,  Leonard C. Vercellotti ,  J. Richard Hansen ,  Joseph C. Engel

IPC分类号： H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/807

摘要： A light driven remote system and power supply therefor that includes a laser diode that provides pulses of light to a fiber optic cable. The pulses of light are detected by a remote photodiode that is connected in parallel with a step-up transformer. The output of the step-up transformer is filtered to provide power for a remote system. Data transmission from the remote system is synchronized with transmission of light to the photodiode.

摘要翻译： 一种光驱遥控系统及其电源，包括向光纤电缆提供脉冲光的激光二极管。 光脉冲由与升压变压器并联连接的远程光电二极管检测。 过滤升压变压器的输出，为远程系统提供电源。 来自远程系统的数据传输与光传输到光电二极管同步。

公开(公告)号：US4896105A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-23

申请号：US173499

申请日：1988-03-25

申请人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Robert T. Elms

发明人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Robert T. Elms

IPC分类号： G01R21/133

CPC分类号： G01R21/133

摘要： An AC electric energy meter is coupled to a source of AC electrical energy and to an AC load. A sensing circuit senses the amount of AC electric energy consumed by the AC electric load. An AC electric energy measuring circuit generates a pulse signal representative of the amount of AC electric energy consumed by the AC electric load. A switching circuit receives the pulse signal from the AC electrical energy measuring circuit and controls current flow from the AC electrical energy source to a stepper motor to drive an output shaft of the stepper motor in a unidirectional manner based on the pulse signal. A register is coupled to the output shaft of the stepper motor for registering the amount of electrical energy consumed by the AC electric load based on the amount of rotation of the output shaft of the stepper motor. The stepper motor includes a core having an air gap, a rotatable permanent magnet positioned in the air gap and a winding wound about the core, for generating a magnetic field across the air gap. The switching circuit controls the direction of current flow through the winding to alternately reverse the polarity of the magnetic field across the air gap, so that the permanent magnet rotates in a unidirectional manner.

摘要翻译： AC电能表耦合到AC电能源和AC负载。 感测电路感测交流电负载消耗的交流电能量。 AC电能测量电路产生表示由AC电负载消耗的交流电能量的脉冲信号。 开关电路从AC电能测量电路接收脉冲信号，并控制从AC电能源到步进电机的电流，以基于脉冲信号单向地驱动步进电动机的输出轴。 寄存器耦合到步进电机的输出轴，用于基于步进电机的输出轴的旋转量来记录AC电负载消耗的电能量。 步进电动机包括具有空气间隙的芯，位于气隙中的可旋转永磁体和围绕芯缠绕的绕组，用于在气隙上产生磁场。 开关电路控制通过绕组的电流的方向以交替地反转跨越气隙的磁场的极性，使得永磁体以单向方式旋转。

公开(公告)号：US4748343A

公开(公告)日：1988-05-31

申请号：US16424

申请日：1987-02-19

申请人： Joseph C. Engel

发明人： Joseph C. Engel

IPC分类号： H01H47/00 ,  H02J15/00

CPC分类号： H01H47/002 ,  Y10T307/911 ,  Y10T307/918

摘要： An electrical motor contactor or controller is taught in which control signals from remotely located pushbuttons are supplied to the logic portion of the controller for the purpose of initiating or stopping a predetermined contactor or controller actions. The controller or contactor is of a universal nature adapted for the acceptance of relatively high voltage AC control signals or relatively low voltage DC control levels. For instance, a 120-volt AC signal may be provided or a 5-volt DC level may be provided. Because an AC signal may be provided to the controller, capacitive filter elements are utilized in the control circuit for filtering transients or AC components above a predetermined frequency which may be 60 Hz for example. Furthermore, voltage regulator elements within the control circuit and the microprocessor input terminals within the control circuit represent relatively high impedance in the discharge path for the aforementioned capacitors. Furthermore, regardless of whether DC control signals or AC control signals are supplied to the control circuit, all values are converted to relatively low level DC values for utilization as inputs by the microprocessor. In those circumstances in which an AC control signal is utilized interruption of the AC control signal, such as may occur when a closed pushbutton is opened, alerts the microprocessor that a change in control state has taken place. The capacitive elements which are used as filters may retain a charge thereacross for a significant portion of time because of the presence of the high impedance discharge paths. Therefore, the microprocessor in reading the control line may mistake the residual voltage on the charged capacitor for a positive indication of a control signal. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to periodically in a controlled manner attempt to discharge the capacitive elements so that subsequent readings will not give a false indication. In order to do this, the input terminals of the microprocessor are periodically provided with digital logical zero value which represents a near short circuit condition for the capacitors thus, discharging the capacitive elements.

公开(公告)号：US4722059A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-26

申请号：US725195

申请日：1985-04-19

申请人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Leonard C. Vercellotti ,  Richard A. Johnson ,  Seymour Salowe ,  William R. Verbanets, Jr.

发明人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Leonard C. Vercellotti ,  Richard A. Johnson ,  Seymour Salowe ,  William R. Verbanets, Jr.

IPC分类号： H02H3/093 ,  H02H3/08 ,  G06F15/46

CPC分类号： H02H3/0935

摘要： Programmed overcurrent protection control apparatus with selectable time-overcurrent operation to govern the interruption of current through at least one power line associated with either a ground phase or a power phase of a power system network is disclosed. A programmed processor is included to derive an overcurrent time-to-trip in accordance with sampled measurement current values of the power line and selected derivation constants stored in a memory look-up table. The derivation constants are selected from the look-up table based on derivation parameters which may be set and read by the programmed processor from time to time. The programmed processor utilizes the selected derivation constants to derive the time-to-trip over a number of predetermined time intervals during which the overcurrent condition persists. An alternate overcurrent time-to-trip relationship utilizing different derivation parameters selected from the look-up table may be utilized for the conditions in which overcurrent exists in an initial predetermined range. In some situations, both of the derivation relationships may be used concurrently to derive the overcurrent time-to-trip.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种编程过电流保护控制装置，其具有可选择的时间过流操作，以控制通过与电力系统网络的接地相或电力相关联的至少一个电力线的电流中断。 包括编程处理器以根据存储在存储器查找表中的电力线的采样测量电流值和选择的导出常数导出过电流时间跳闸。 基于可由编程的处理器不时地设置和读取的导出参数，从查找表中选择推导常数。 编程的处理器利用所选择的导出常数来导致在过电流状态持续的多个预定时间间隔内的跳闸时间。 使用从查找表中选择的不同推导参数的替代的过电流时间到跳闸关系可用于在初始预定范围内存在过电流的条件。 在某些情况下，两个推导关系可以同时使用以导出过电流跳闸。

公开(公告)号：US4674035A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-16

申请号：US725050

申请日：1985-04-19

申请人： Joseph C. Engel

发明人： Joseph C. Engel

IPC分类号： G06F11/30 ,  G06F3/05 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/28 ,  H03K5/159

CPC分类号： G06F11/0757 ,  G06F11/1402 ,  G06F3/05 ,  G06F11/0754

摘要： A supervisory circuit for use in an integrated circuit to supervise the program execution of a processing unit is disclosed. The processing unit generates a restart signal at a particular duty cycle under proper program execution conditions and at an undesirable duty cycle under improper program execution conditions. The supervising circuit includes a capacitive or like circuit element for converting the restart signal into a signal representative of the duty cycle thereof and compares the generated signal to a reference window comprising upper and lower reference values. Should the generated signal exceed the boundaries of the window reference, a corresponding control signal is generated to change the circuit conditions and generate a reset signal to the processing unit to govern the program execution thereof to a prespecified point from which point program execution may continue upon removal of the reset signal.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于集成电路中用于监视处理单元的程序执行的监控电路。 处理单元在适当的程序执行条件下以特定占空比产生重启信号，并且在不正确的程序执行条件下产生不期望的占空比。 监控电路包括用于将重启信号转换为表示占空比的信号的电容或类似电路元件，并将所生成的信号与包括上参考值和下参考值的参考窗口进行比较。 如果产生的信号超过窗口参考的边界，则产生相应的控制信号以改变电路状况并产生到处理单元的复位信号，以将其程序执行控制到预定的点，从该点可以继续执行点程序执行 去除复位信号。

公开(公告)号：US4525650A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-25

申请号：US569547

申请日：1984-01-10

申请人： John M. Hicks ,  Joseph C. Engel ,  Robert J. Spreadbury ,  Robert T. Elms ,  Gary F. Saletta

发明人： John M. Hicks ,  Joseph C. Engel ,  Robert J. Spreadbury ,  Robert T. Elms ,  Gary F. Saletta

IPC分类号： H05B41/282 ,  H05B37/02

CPC分类号： H05B41/2827 ,  Y02B20/185 ,  Y10S315/07

摘要： Starting and operating method and apparatus for discharge lamps comprises a current-limiting and rectifying means which provides at its output a low-ripple current-limited direct current. To effect lamp starting, a series-connected inductor and capacitor form a high "Q" resonant circuit with the capacitor connected across the lamp to be operated. This starting circuit connects through a blocking capacitor and charging resistor across the low-ripple source of DC. A pair of transistors which comprise an oscillator are connected emitter-to-collector across the source of DC, with the common-connected emitter and collector connected to the blocking capacitor. A drive air-core transformer has separate feedback windings in the starting and operating circuits and drive windings are associated with the transistors. A trigger diode is used to initially pulse one of the transistors which initially oscillate to generate square waves having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the starting circuit. After the lamp strikes, the transistors operate in a self-oscillating mode with the operating frequency determined by the rate of current flow into the operating feedback winding.

摘要翻译： 用于放电灯的启动和操作方法和装置包括限流和整流装置，其在其输出端提供低纹波限流直流电流。 为了实现灯起动，串联的电感器和电容器形成高“Q”谐振电路，电容器连接在待操作的灯上。 该启动电路通过隔离电容器和DC的低纹波源连接充电电阻。 包括振荡器的一对晶体管在DC源极之间连接发射极到集电极，共同连接的发射极和集电极连接到阻塞电容器。 驱动空心变压器在启动和运行电路中具有单独的反馈绕组，驱动绕组与晶体管相关联。 触发二极管用于初始地振荡晶体管中的一个，其初始振荡以产生具有与启动电路的谐振频率对应的频率的方波。 在灯点亮之后，晶体管以自振荡模式工作，工作频率由电流流入工作反馈绕组的速率决定。

公开(公告)号：US4455595A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-19

申请号：US414275

申请日：1982-09-02

申请人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Richard E. Hanson ,  Kenneth W. Simms ,  Robert J. Spreadbury

发明人： Joseph C. Engel ,  Richard E. Hanson ,  Kenneth W. Simms ,  Robert J. Spreadbury

IPC分类号： F21V23/00 ,  F21K2/00

CPC分类号： F21V23/00 ,  Y10S362/802

摘要： Add-on device for lead-type ballast comprises additional inductor and series-connected controlled AC switching means which are connected in parallel circuit with the capacitor portion of the lead-type ballast such as is used to operate an HID sodium lamp. The add-on device has a sensing and control circuit which operates to sense a lamp operating parameter in order to control the actuation of the AC switching means which in turn controls in predetermined fashion the operation of the ballasted lamp. The inductor and AC switch and sensing and control means of the add-on device are all packaged within a can-shaped member which has dimensions similar to those of the conventional capacitor can for the lead-type ballast. All the elements of the add-on device are potted within the capacitor can with terminal means extending from an end portion thereof for ready connection along with an exposed potentiometer portion to enable the control to be adjusted. The usual luminaire which utilizes a lead-type ballast normally incorporates one capacitor, although most luminaires are provided with the space for an additional capacitor, even though it is not needed. The present packaged add-on device readily fits into their available but unused space so that it is readily incorporated into existing luminaire designs.

摘要翻译： 用于引线型镇流器的附加装置包括附加电感器和串联控制的交流开关装置，它们与用于操作HID钠灯的铅型镇流器的电容器部分并联连接。 附加装置具有感测和控制电路，其操作以感测灯操作参数，以便控制AC开关装置的致动，AC开关装置又以预定方式控制镇流灯的操作。 附加装置的电感器和AC开关以及感测和控制装置都被封装在罐形部件中，其尺寸类似于用于引线型镇流器的常规电容器罐的尺寸。 附加装置的所有元件被封装在电容器罐内，端子装置从其端部延伸以便与暴露的电位器部分一起准备连接，以使得能够调节控制。 利用铅酸式镇流器的通常的照明设备通常包含一个电容器，尽管大多数灯具都具有附加电容器的空间，尽管不需要。 本封装的附加装置易于适应其可用但未使用的空间，因此易于并入现有的照明设计中。