摘要:
The present invention provides a various methods, systems and devices for controlling light modulating elements and/or spatial light modulators. In some embodiments of the present invention, a recursive feedback method is used to control light modulating elements and/or spatial light modulators.
摘要:
A synchronous random access memory is arranged to be responsive directly to a system clock signal for operating synchronously with the associated microprocessor. The synchronous random access memory is further arranged to either write-in or read out data in a synchronous burst operation or synchronous wrap operation in addition to synchronous random access operations. The synchronous random access memory device may be fabricated as a dynamic storage device or as a static storage device.
摘要:
A multilevel hierarchical least recently used cache replacement priority in a digital data processing system including plural memories, each memory connected to said system bus for memory access, a memory address generator generating addresses for read access to a corresponding of the memories and a memory cache having a plurality of cache entries, each cache entry including a range of addresses and a predetermined set of cache words. During each memory read the comparator compares the generated address with the address range of each cache entry. If there is a match, then the cache supplies a cache word corresponding to the least significant bits of the generated address from the matching cache entry. If there is no such match, the generated address is supplied to the memories and a set of words is recalled corresponding to the generated address. This set of words replaces a least recently used prior stored memory cache entry having the lowest priority level. The priority level for each cache entry may be recalled from a cache priority level look-up table or entered from an instruction via coding in opcode bits or a priority setting instruction. In an alternative embodiment this technique is used with a memory configuration cache storing memory access parameters for corresponding address ranges enabling adaption to plural memories requiring differing sets of memory access parameters.
摘要:
The graphics data processor of the present invention offers as a single instruction in its instruction set a draw and advance operation. A first data register stores a set of X and Y coordinates. In a first embodiment, a predetermined color code is stored at the pixel address of a bit mapped display memory indicated by the X and Y coordinates the first data register upon execution of the the draw and advance instruction. The X and Y coordinates stored in the first data register are then advanced by addition of X and Y coordinates stored in a second data register. A second embodiment is similar except that the color code stored at the X and Y coordinates of the first date register is recalled for combining with the predetermined color code and the combined result stored at that pixel location. The predetermined color code is preferrably stored in another data register. By proper selection of the X and Y coordinate data stored in the second data register either the X or the Y coordinate may be altered alone or both may by simultaneously changed. Provision of signed X and Y coordinate values in the second register enables either the X or Y coordinate to be incremented of decremented. This instruction serves to inhance the speed at which a line or computed curve may by drawn in the bit mapped display.
摘要:
A three input arithmetic logic unit (230) forms a mixed arithmetic and Boolean combination of three multibit input signals. The arithmetic logic unit (230) first forms a Boolean combination and then forms an arithmetic combination. The current instruction drives an instruction decoder (250, 245) that generates the functions signals F0-F7 which control the combination formed. The three input arithmetic logic unit (230) preferably employs a set of bit circuits (400), each forming carry propagate, generate and kill signals. These signals may employed with a multilevel logic tree circuit and a carry input to produce a bit resultant and a carry output to the next bit circuit. This structure permits formation of selected arithmetic, Boolean or mixed arithmetic and Boolean function of the three input signals based upon the current instruction. Selection of the function signals enables the combination to be insensitive to one of the input signals, thus performs a two input function of remaining input signals. The instruction itself may include the function signals and function modification bits, or the function signals and function modification signals may be stored in a special data register. Function modification signals cause modification of the function signals prior to use. The three input arithmetic logic unit (230) includes a least significant bit carry-in generator (246) supplying a carry input to the least significant bit. This carry input is determined by the combination being formed, and generally is "1" only during subtraction. The carry input may be specified in the special purpose data register (D0) for certain instructions. The combination formed is optionally modified dependent upon the sign bit of one of the inputs.
摘要:
An iterative technique for division having a divisor of N bits and a numerator of more than N bits. Each iteration includes initial detection of the position of a left most one bit (1011, 1035) of N most significant bits of the numerator. If this L is not zero, then the numerator is left shifted by L places (1016, 1039), the next L quotient bits are set to zero and the number of completed iterations is incremented by L. An alternative embodiment detects bit position of the left most one of an exclusive OR of the N most significant bits of the numerator and the divisor. Next the divisor is subtracted from the N most significant bits of the numerator. If the difference is greater than or equal to zero, then the next quotient bit is "1" and the difference is substituted for the N most significant bits of the numerator. If the difference is less than zero, then the next quotient bit is "0". Then the numerator is left shifted one place. These iterations repeat until they exceed N. The last numerator is the remainder of the division. This technique eliminates useless data manipulation for the cases where this technique determines the quotient bits are "0".
摘要:
The graphics data processor of the present invention offers as a single instruction in its instruction set a draw and advance operation. A first data register stores a set of X and Y coordinates. In a first embodiment, a predetermined color code is stored at the pixel address of a bit mapped display memory indicated by the X and Y coordinates the first data register upon execution of the draw and advance instruction. The X and Y coordinates stored in the first data register are then advanced by addition of X and Y coordinates stored In a second data register. A second embodiment is similar except that the color code stored at the X and Y coordinates of the first data register is recalled for combining with the predetermined color code and the combined result stored at that pixel location. The predetermined color code is preferably stored in another data register. By proper selection of the X and Y coordinate data stored in the second data register either the X or the Y coordinate may be altered alone or both may be simultaneously changed. Provision of signed X and Y coordinate values in the second register enables either the X or Y coordinate to be incremented or decremented. This instruction serves to enhance the speed at which a line or computed curve may be drawn in the bit mapped display.
摘要:
A graphics data processing apparatus having graphic image operations on two images. Two graphic images are formed into a single combined image based upon a predetermined combination of the multibit color codes representing corresponding pixels of the two images. A transparent color code is permitted for the first of the graphic images. The combination of a transparent color code from the first graphic image with any color code from the second graphic image yields the color code of the second graphic image. This innovation enables the use of color codes having selectable numbers of bits set by the number stored in a pixel size register. In particular the transparent color code, which is detected by a transparent color code detection device independent of the image operation, has a selectable number of bits set by the pixel size register in a manner like any other color code. This enables the same graphics data processing apparatus to be applicable to a wide variety of applications having images using differing lengths of color codes while preserving the transparency function.
摘要:
A palette device controllable by a digital computer with a video memory having a bus for supplying multiple color codes for the palette device in each bus cycle. The palette device includes a multiple-bit input for entry of the color codes from the bus, and a look-up table memory for supplying color data words in response to the color codes from the input. Color code transfer circuitry is connected between the input and the look-up table memory to supply the look-up table memory from the input sequentially with color codes of selectable width packing the entire width of the bus. Improved palette devices, graphics computer systems, facsimile systems, printer systems and other systems and methods are also disclosed.
摘要:
The present invention presents a process of moving an array of pixel data representing an image to be displayed from a source memory space to a destination memory space. The array of pixel data is arranged in words containing a plurality of individual pixel datum. The process includes transforming each pixel datum in the word fetched from the source memory space to a colorized pixel datum by individually attaching color information to each pixel datum. The transforming occurs substantially in parallel on all of the pixel data in each word. This technique permits storage of commonly used images such as alphanumeric characters of various fonts or icons in a compressed form with one bit per pixel. These images are formed in color using the color expand operation at the time of drawing into the color display memory. Otherwise these images would need to be stored in multiple bit per pixel color form for all desired colors requiring considerable memory for redundant data. This color expanded image may then be combined with the color image stored in a selected part of the display memory and the combined image stored in that selected part of the display memory. Thus monochrome images may be expanded into color images and then combined with color images already in the display in a single operation.