摘要:
A method of backwashing a membrane filtration module (4), said module (4) including one or more membranes (5) located in a feed-containing vessel (3), the membranes (5) having a permeable wall which is subjected to a filtration operation wherein feed containing contaminant matter is applied to one side of the membrane wall and filtrate is withdrawn from the other side of the membrane wall, the method including: removing liquid from the feed-containing vessel (3) until the level of liquid in the feed-containing vessel (3) falls to a first level (L2) below an upper level of the membranes; suspending the filtration operation; performing a liquid backwash of the membrane wall until liquid level within the feed-containing vessel (3) rises to a second predetermined level (L1) above said first level; aerating the membrane surface with gas bubbles to dislodge fouling materials therefrom; performing a sweep or drain down of the feed-containing vessel (3) to remove the liquid containing the dislodged contaminant matter; and recommencing the filtration operation.
摘要:
A biosensor for use in determining a concentration of a component in an aqueous liquid sample is provided including: an electrochemical cell having a first electrically resistive substrate having a thin layer of electrically conductive material, a second electrically resistive substrate having a thin layer of electrically conductive material, the substrates being disposed with the electrically conductive materials facing each other and being separated by a sheet including an aperture, the wall of which aperture defines a cell wall and a sample introduction aperture whereby the aqueous liquid sample may be introduced into the cell; and a measuring circuit.
摘要:
According to one embodiment of the invention, a gerotor apparatus includes an outer gerotor having an outer gerotor chamber, an inner gerotor, at least a portion of which is disposed within the outer gerotor chamber, and a synchronizing apparatus operable to control the rotation of the inner gerotor relative to the outer gerotor. The inner gerotor includes one or more entrance passages operable to communicate a lubricant into the outer gerotor chamber.
摘要:
Methods, kits and compositions are described that include a non-naturally occurring kallikrein inhibitor and an anti-thrombolytic agent, e.g., an anti-fibrinolytic agent, for preventing or reducing blood loss and/or ischemia, e.g., ischemia associated with perioperative blood loss and cerebral ischemia, the onset of systemic inflammatory response, and/or reperfusion injury, e.g., reperfusion injury associated with cerebral ischemia or a focal brain ischemia, e.g., in patients subjected to invasive surgical procedures, especially procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for removing fouling materials from the surface of a plurality of porous membranes (9) arranged in a membrane module (4) by providing, from within the module, by means (10) other than gas passing through the pores of said membranes, gas bubbles in a uniform distribution relative to the porous membrane array such that the bubbles move past the surfaces of the membranes (9) to dislodge fouling materials therefrom. The membranes (9) are arranged in close proximity to one another and mounted to prevent excessive movement therebetween. The bubbles also produce vibration and rubbing together of the membranes to further assist removal of fouling materials.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for reducing the effect of integrity loss in a hollow fibre membrane module, said module including a plurality of hollow fibre membranes (5), at least one end of the fibre membranes (5) being supported in a pot (6), the method including the step of increasing flow resistance of the liquid through the lumen (8) of the fibre membrane (5) in the region of the pot (6).
摘要:
This invention relates to a biosensor and more particularly to an electrochemical biosensor for determining the concentration of an analyte in a carrier. The invention is particularly useful for determining the concentration of glucose in blood and is described herein with reference to that use but it should be understood that the invention is applicable to other analytic determinations.
摘要:
A plasma processing system for etching a substrate using a highly dense plasma in a reactor. An ICP coil having a first coil end and a second coil end generating a high-frequency electromagnetic alternating field in the reactor which acts on a reactive gas and, as an inductively coupled plasma source, produces the highly dense plasma from reactive particles and ions. The two coil ends each communicate via a feed point with a high-frequency infeed, which applies in each case a high-frequency a.c. voltage of the same frequency to the first coil end and to the second coil end (21, 21′). The two high-frequency a.c. voltages applied at the two coil ends are connected to a symmetrical, capacitive network via a &lgr;2 -delay line linking the first feed point and the second feed point and are, at least nearly in phase opposition to one another, and have at least nearly the same amplitudes.
摘要:
The tool comprises one or more core-coil assemblies 2 jacketed in an non-magnetic and electrically insulating, tubular outer housing, 10. The housing enables high power transfer efficiency. A structural skeleton 20 extends longitudinally through the tool for axially reinforcement. The core-coil assemblies 2 are encapsulated in epoxy 77 to mechanically rigidify and protect them as well as to isolate the coil windings 51 from the power bus 23 extending longitudinally of the core-coil assemblies through a peripheral busway 60, 61.
摘要:
A method for creating a magnetic resonance (MR) image with prospective motion correction with a recording of navigation signals and navigator reference signals for the determination of motion information is provided. During the determination of the motion information, the partial volumes of the navigator volume are not all treated equally. Different weightings are used.