摘要:
The present invention provides a method for easily measuring a brake mean effective pressure of a running vehicle. An air flow sensor, a λ sensor and a data collecting apparatus are mounted to the vehicle. A running speed and engine speed from the vehicle while actually running on a road surface, and output of the air flow sensor an the λ sensor are inputted to the data collecting apparatus. Specific fuel consumption is obtained from an intake air amount and ratio of excessive air in exhaust gas. Output of an engine is obtained from a relation between the specific fuel consumption and the engine speed.
摘要:
A transfer device for transferring an image on an image carrier 1 to a recording material 2, the transfer device includes a transferring member 4 adapted to nip and convey the recording material 2 between the transferring member 4 and the image carrier 1, a guard resin layer 5 having a surface microhardness not smaller than surface microhardness corresponding to polyimide, the guard resin layer 5 provided on a surface of the transferring member 4, and an adjustment resistance layer 6 provided as a ground layer of the guard resin layer 5, the adjustment resistance layer 6 adapted to inhibit an accumulation of charge in the guard resin layer 5. Or, the guard resin layer 5 made of an epoxy resin is provided on the surface of the transferring member 4, the adjustment resistance layer 6 having a smooth interface with the guard resin layer 5, the adjustment resistance layer 6 adapted to inhibit accumulation of charge in the guard resin layer. Furthermore, a scraper 8 for cleaning is provided on the surface of the transferring member 4 so as to contact with the surface of the transferring member. An image-forming apparatus is constructed by using the transferring device.
摘要:
The invention is aimed to provide a three-dimensional marquisette-like knitted fabric, that is good in air retainability, air and water conductibility, light transmittance, as well as dimensional stability and shape retainability in the knitting and knitting-width directions, and in linearity; and has unevenness and slippage preventing property on its surface, thus being suitable in various uses. To this end, a three-dimensional marquisette-like structure is made as follows. A double-web knitted fabric is made by warp knitting, and is preferably comprised of the front and back mesh webs (1, 2) and connecting yarns (3) passed between the mesh webs alternately. At least one of the mesh webs (1, 2) has a marquisette-like construction formed by the rows of chain stitches (11, 21) and inlay yarn (5). In addition, connecting yarns (3) for connecting the mesh webs (1, 2) is shifted knitting-width-wise by at least one wale to be passed as slanted at every required course position corresponding to the marquisette-like construction of at least one of the mesh webs.
摘要:
A data processing apparatus, such as a facsimile apparatus, connected to a LAN, that transmits and/or receives data to or from another apparatus, wherein even if an error or failure such as a printer error or an insufficiency of available space in image memory for storing image data occurs, the required process is continued by transferring the image data from the data processing apparatus to another apparatus also connected to the LAN. The data processing apparatus has the capability of detecting an error in the LAN when the apparatus is connected to the LAN. This allows the data processing apparatus to operate correctly without problems that might otherwise occur due to the error in the LAN. The data processing apparatus also has the capability of operating in an adequate process mode corresponding to a process command contained in a received packet. This allows effective use of the data processing apparatus.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser recording apparatus wherein problems such as difficulty in maintenance and effects of shock owing to the laser recording unit of a vertically divided type laser recording apparatus being provided as a single unit, are solved. This laser recording apparatus comprises: a first main unit; a second main unit rotatably supported to the first main unit by a predetermined fulcrum, so as to enable opening and closing; wherein the first main unit is provided with a first unit having optical means, laser beam emitting means, and laser beam detecting means, and wherein the second main unit is provided with a second unit having laser scanning means.
摘要:
A semiconductor device in which mutual diffusion of doped impurities occurring through an upper silicide electrode layer is prevented. A silicide electrode layer is doped with both the same degree of p-type impurities as the concentration of p-type impurities of the lower gate electrode layer and the same degree of n-type impurities as the concentration of n-type impurities. As a result, the concentration of doped impurities of the gate electrode layer is balanced at the two sides of the interface of the pMOS side and nMOS side. Therefore, heat diffusion caused by subsequent heat treatment is prevented and the problem of mutual diffusion can be solved. The present invention is also suitable for the SALICIDE process. Even when the silicide electrode layer is formed simultaneously on an extremely shallow source or drain regions since the concentration of the impurities of the silicide electrode layer was initially high, the lower impurities will not be drained so the contact resistance will not be made to deteriorate. As a result, it becomes easy for the SALICIDE process to be applied to submicron devices. In the method of production of the present invention, the silicide electrode layer is formed by the CVD method or the sputtering method and the impurities doped during this process, so no special step has to be provided for introducing the impurities.
摘要:
There is disclosed a molded part made of thermoplastic resin to which a foaming agent is added and including a protector body (51) having lock portions (56) serving as a strength required area, a lid element (52), and a hinge (54) between the protector body (51) and the lid element (52) and having a wall thickness less than that of the protector body (51) and the lid element (52), wherein the thermoplastic resin forming the protector body (51) including the lock portions (56) contains no foams but the thermoplastic resin forming the lid element (52) contains foams on opposite side of the hinge (54) from the protector body (51), thereby accomplishing a reduced weight and an ensured strength of the strength required area.
摘要:
The projection optical system of the present invention decreases particularly the secondary spectrum of chromatic aberration and minimizes restrictions on lens design. The projection optical system of a projection exposure apparatus which irradiates a light beam from a light source on a mask to expose a pattern of the mask onto a photosensitive substrate through the projection optical system has at least one diffraction optical element, at least one quartz lens, and at least one fluorite lens. The diffraction optical element has a positive power, the quartz lens has a negative power, and the fluorite lens has a positive power. An Ar--F laser is preferably used as a light source.
摘要:
This invention relates to a three-dimensionally constructed net A for use in various applications including a water collecting and discharging net or a protection net in the faces of slopes in created land or residential sites, a plant protection net, such as a spray sowing net and so on, a building protecting net, an agricultural light-shielding net and a medical net. The net may be conveniently formed by knitting or weaving, so that cord portions which define the meshes are made in hollow three-dimensional construction capable of ventilation and water passage. Thereby, despite the fact that the net is a thick, three-dimensional body, the possession of a void content by the cord portions improves the ventilating and water collecting and discharging effects and saves weight, facilitating the handling and installing of the net, so that the net can be easily handled and well suited for the above-mentioned applications.
摘要:
In the lithographic operation for the manufacture of semiconductor devices, polarization of an exposure light is utilized as third information other than the amplitude and phase of the exposure light so as to obtain a high-resolution or high-contrast imaging performance. An exposure apparatus includes polarizing means arranged at the position of an incidence pupil of its projection optical system. Also, in a photo mask containing a pattern formed on a transparent substrate, a polarizing member is added to each of light transmitting portions in the pattern. With the diffracted beams from the photo mask contribution toward imaging, the directions of vibration of the electric vectors are arranged regularly to enhance interference performance and thereby to improve the contrast of an image. Also, the fundamental period of the pattern on the mask is substantially increased to improve the resolving power.