摘要:
A process for the reaction of an organic compound with a hydroperoxide comprises at least the steps (i) to (iii) below: (i) reaction of the hydroperoxide with the organic compound to give a mixture comprising the reacted organic compound and unreacted hydroperoxide, (ii) separation of the unreacted hydroperoxide from the mixture resulting from step (i), (iii) reaction of the hydroperoxide separated off in step (ii) with the organic compound.
摘要:
A process for preparing a polyamide by reacting at least one aminonitrile with water comprises: (1) reacting at least one aminonitrile with water at a temperature from 100 to 360° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 35×106 Pa to obtain a reaction mixture, (2) further reacting the reaction mixture at a temperature from 150 to 400° C. and a pressure which is lower than the pressure in step 1, the temperature and the pressure being selected so as to obtain a first gas phase and a first liquid or a first solid phase or a mixture of first solid and first liquid phase, and the first gas phase is separated from the first liquid or the first solid phase or from the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase, and (3) admixing the first liquid or the first solid phase or the mixture of first liquid and first solid phase with a gaseous or liquid phase comprising water at a temperature from 150 to 360° C. and a pressure from 0.1 to 30×106 Pa to obtain a product mixture.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a gauze catalyst based on titanium or vanadium zeolites and inert gauze fabrics which is suitable for accelerating oxidation reactions such as epoxidation of olefins, hydrogen peroxide production or hydroxylamine synthesis.
摘要:
The invention relates to the preparation of organic nitrogen compounds, in particular of aminoalkanes, alkyloximes, alkylnitrones or mixtures thereof, which have only one nitrogen-functional group and no alcoholic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, from nitro-containing reaction products of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -olefins with an average degree of polymerization P=5-100 with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen by hydrogenation of these reaction products. The invention also relates to particular mixtures of such aminoalkanes, alkyloximes and/or alkylnitrones and to individual compounds of these types themselves. The designated products are suitable as additives to fuels and lubricants.
摘要:
A process for the continuous preparation of homopolymers of ethyleneimine by polymerization of ethyleneimine in a solvent in the presence of catalysts at temperatures of at least 80.degree. C., in homogeneous liquid phase in a tubular reactor in which the ratio of length to internal diameter is at least 5:1. There are obtained polyethyleneimines having a content of secondary nitrogen atoms of more than 40 to 60% and molecular weight distribution M.sub.w /M.sub.n of from 1.5:1 to 3:1.
摘要:
A process for preparing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one (TAA) is described, whereina mixture comprising acetone and/or acetone condensates and ammonia in a molar ratio of from 20:1 to 3:1at from 50.degree. to 130.degree. C.is reacted in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, the amount of dimethyl sulfate being from 0.5 to 5 mol-%, based on acetone.
摘要:
Preparation of 5-cyanovalerates (I) by the carbonylation of a 1-cyanobutene with carbon monoxide and an alkanol (II) corresponding to the ester radical at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt catalyst as well as in the presence of an activating solvent, in which the activating solvent used is an effective amount of a urea of the formula IIIcR.sub.2 N--CO--NR.sub.2 (IIIc)where R is, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or where 2R groups together form 5-membered to 7-membered rings. The end products I serve as intermediates, chiefly for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of aminopropionitriles of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes hydrogen or methyl, wherein ammonia is caused to react with an acrylonitrile of the general formula II ##STR2## In which the substituent has the aforementioned meanings, in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 500:1 over a heterogenic catalyst at temperatures ranging from 40.degree. to 180.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 10 to 350 bar.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of glyceryl carbonate by causing glycerol to react with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a Group Ib, Group IIb, or Group VIIIb catalyst as per the Periodic Table at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 180.degree. C.
摘要:
A process for the continuous synthesis of dialkyl carbonates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, by reaction of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols with carbon monoxide and oxygen at elevated temperature and pressure and in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst dissolved or suspended in the reaction medium, whereina) a gas stream containing carbon monoxide and oxygen is bubbled through the alkanol/catalyst mixture present in the reactor at a rate of from 1 to 100 liters per hours per gram of copper present in the reactor, part of which gas stream reacts with the alkanol to form dialkyl carbonate and water, which components are continuously entrained, together with alkanol, as a gaseous mixture, from the reaction mixture by means of the remaining, unreacted portion of the carbon monoxide/oxygen gas stream, whereuponb) the resulting gaseous mixture is separated, in a separator, into gaseous and liquid phases, the gaseous phase being recycled to the reactor if desired, andc) the liquid phase, which essentially consists of dialkyl carbonate, water and alkanol, is separated into its components, the dialkyl carbonate being isolated and the alkanol, if desired, recycled to the reactor, andd) the liquid in the reactor is replenished by adding fresh or recycled alkanol at the rate at which the alkanol is consumed and discharged.