摘要:
A process for the preparation of glyceryl carbonate by causing glycerol to react with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a Group Ib, Group IIb, or Group VIIIb catalyst as per the Periodic Table at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 180.degree. C.
摘要:
A process for the catalytical preparation of condensation products of formaldehyde, in which formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-forming compound is caused to undergo reaction using a catalyst which has been produced, in the presence of an auxiliary base, from a triazolium salt of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and stand for aliphatic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted aralkyl groups, and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxy-hydroxymethylene-methylidyne group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH), andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro or cyano group, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, an alkoxy group --OR.sup.5, a thioether group --SR.sup.6, an amino group --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, an acyl group--COR.sup.9 or an ester group --COOR.sup.10, where R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 stand for radicals such as those stated above for R.sup.1, and R.sup.10 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl group, orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenylene group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 alkylene group, or a C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 aralkylene or C.sub.8 -C.sub.14 aralkenylene bridging member, andA is the equivalent of an anion having one or more negative charges for electrical neutralization of the charge on the triazolium cation.
摘要:
A process for the catalytical preparation of condensation products of formaldehyde, in which formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-forming compound is caused to undergo reaction using a catalyst which has been produced, in the presence of an auxiliary base, from a triazolium salt of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and stand for aliphatic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted aralkyl groups, and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxy-hydroxymethylene-methylidyne group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH), andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro or cyano group, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, an alkoxy group --OR.sup.5, a thioether group --SR.sup.6, an amino group --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, an acyl group --COR.sup.9 or an ester group --COOR.sup.10, where R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 stand for radicals such as those stated above for R.sup.1, and R.sup.10 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl group, orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenylene group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 arylene group, or a C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 aralkenylene or C.sub.8 -C.sub.14 aralkenylene bridging member, andA is the equivalent of an anion having one or more negative charges for electrical neutralization of the charge on the triazolium cation.
摘要:
A process for the catalytical preparation of condensation products of formaldehyde, in which formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-forming compound is caused to undergo reaction using a catalyst which has been produced, in the presence of an auxiliary base, from a triazolium salt of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and stand for aliphatic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted aralkyl groups, and/or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxy-hydroxymethylene-methylidyne group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH), andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen, a halogen atom, a nitro or cyano group, an aliphatic group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted aralkyl group, an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, an alkoxy group --OR.sup.5, a thioether group --SR.sup.6, an amino group --NR.sup.7R R.sup.8, an acyl group --COR.sup.9 or an ester group --COOR.sup.10, where R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 stand for radicals such as those stated above for R.sup.1, and R.sup.10 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl or aralkyl group, orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkylene or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenylene group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 arylene group, or a C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 aralkylene or C.sub.8 -C.sub.14 aralkenylene bridging member, andA is the equivalent of an anion having one or more negative charges for electrical neutralization of the charge on the triazolium cation.
摘要:
Arycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, C.sub.4 - and C.sub.5 -sugars or mixtures thereof are prepared in a self-condensation of formaldehyde by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor in the presence of a mesoionic catalyst of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is nitrogen or CR.sup.3, Y is sulfur or selenium or NR.sup.4, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be identical or different and each can represent an aliphatic, aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or which bears substituents which have only a negligible effect on the catalytic activity of said mesoionic catalyst, with the proviso that R.sup.2 together with R.sup.4 can form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylene or alkenylene bridge or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -arylene bridge, and wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen, the hydroxymethyl group -CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxymethylhydroxymethyl group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH).
摘要:
A process for regenerating a zeolite catalyst comprises the following stages: (I) Heating a partially or completely deactivated catalyst to 250-600° C. in an atmosphere which contains less than 2% by volume of oxygen, (II) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from 0.1 to 4% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof, and (III) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from more than 4 to 100% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof.
摘要:
In an oxidation catalyst based on a titanium or vanadium silicalite having a zeolite structure and containing from 0.01 to 20% by weight of one or more platinum metals selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, the platinum metals are each present in at least two different bond energy states and preferably have no metal-metal bonds.
摘要:
A process for the production of a molding containing at least one zeolite, wherein the at least one zeolite contains a titanium-, zirconium-, chromium-, niobium-, iron- or vanadium-containing zeolite: (I) adding a mixture consisting of at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, and water to a mixture containing said zeolite or a mixture of two or more thereof, and (II) kneading, molding, drying and calcining the mixture from (I); wherein the molding is useful as a catalyst, particularly in epoxidation reactions.
摘要:
A process for regenerating a zeolite catalyst comprises the following stages: (I) Heating a partially or completely deactivated catalyst to 250-600° C. in an atmosphere which contains less than 2% by volume of oxygen, (II) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from 0.1 to 4% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof, and (III) treating the catalyst at from 250 to 800° C., preferably from 350 to 600° C., with a gas stream which contains from more than 4 to 100% by volume of an oxygen-donating substance or of oxygen or of a mixture of two or more thereof.
摘要:
In a continuous process for reacting an organic compound with hydroperoxide in the presence of a catalyst, the reaction is carried out in a reactor assembly comprising at least two reactors connected in parallel.