摘要:
A plating apparatus includes a plating vessel for holding a plating bath containing at least metal ions, a conveying device for conveying a long conductive substrate and immersing the long conductive substrate in the plating bath, a facing electrode disposed in the plating bath so as to face one surface of the conductive substrate, a voltage application device for performing plating on the one surface of the conductive substrate by applying a voltage between the conductive substrate and the facing electrode, and a film-deposition suppression device fixedly disposed in the plating vessel so that at least a portion of the film-deposition suppression means is close to shorter-direction edges of the conductive substrate. At least a portion of the film-deposition suppression device close to the shorter-direction edges of the conductive substrate is conductive. By holding the conductive portion of the film-deposition suppression device and the conductive substrate at substantially the same potential, film deposition on the other surface of the conductive substrate is suppressed.
摘要:
The stacked photovoltaic element of the present invention is a stacked photovoltaic element comprising a stack formed of a plurality of unit elements each having a pin constitution, and a transparent electrode provided on the surface of a light incident side of the stacked unit elements, wherein the transparent electrode provided on the surface of the light incident side comprises indium tin oxide (ITO), and the transparent electrode has 90% or more and 99.8% or less in transmittivity of a light of the maximum absorption wavelength of a unit element having the smallest current in a light collection efficiency measurement among the plurality of unit elements, and 50 Ω/□ or more and 300 Ω/□ or less in sheet resistance. Such a constitution of the present invention provides a stacked photovoltaic element having an excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and high reliability at a low cost.
摘要:
A gas adsorptive member is disposed in a space communicating with film deposition chambers, and deposition films are deposited while continuously feeding gas components released from this member, thereby enabling the high quality and uniform deposition films to be formed on the substrate with good reproducibility.
摘要:
To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing method capable of preventing a substrate from corroding in working of the substrate and obtaining a high-quality image free from image defects and image density unevenness, the method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises the step of forming a functional film made of an amorphous material on the surface of an aluminum substrate by reduced-pressure vapor deposition, wherein the surface of the substrate is cleaned with the water containing an inhibitor as a specific component before the step of forming an electrophotographic photosensitive member.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of obtaining high-quality uniform images without image defects and nonuniformity in image density. The method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a step forming a functional film on a substrate, and a washing step of spraying water on the substrate surface from concentrically arranged nozzle groups positioned in a twisted relationship before the step of forming the functional film.
摘要:
For maintaining good cleanability even in use of low-melting-point or small-particle-diameter toner, thereby achieving a breakthrough improvement in the quality of image, the following conditions are satisfied:0.001.ltoreq.x/y.ltoreq.0.1,30.ltoreq.a/x.ltoreq.200, and0.1.ltoreq.a/y.ltoreq.3(x: height of unevenness, y: pitch of unevenness, a: particle diameter of toner).
摘要翻译:为了保持良好的清洁性,即使在使用低熔点或小颗粒直径的调色剂时,由此实现图像质量的突破性提高,满足以下条件:0.001 x / y <0.1, 30 a / x 200,和0.1 a / y <3(x:不均匀度高度,y:不均匀间距,a:调色剂的粒径)。