公开(公告)号：US5672876A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-30

申请号：US464638

申请日：1995-08-10

申请人： Shigeo Baba

发明人： Shigeo Baba

IPC分类号： G01N23/08 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01Q60/44 ,  G01T1/29

CPC分类号： G01N23/083 ,  A61B6/4258 ,  G01N23/221

摘要： The invention intends to measure true distribution of a radioactive nuclide in respective parts of a subject. A density of each part of a subject sample is measured by measuring the intensity of ionizing radiation for density measurement from a radioactive nuclide for density measurement, which emits the ionizing radiation to each part of the subject sample in the same amount, through the subject sample interposed midway, the intensity of ionizing radiation emitted from another radioactive nuclide existing in each part of the subject sample is measured, and the amount of another radioactive nuclide in each part of the subject sample is determined by compensating the measured intensity of the ionizing radiation from another radioactive nuclide based on the self-absorptivity of each part of the subject sample corresponding to the density thereof.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / JP94 / 01796 Sec。 371日期：1995年6月20日 102（e）1995年6月20日PCT PCT 1994年10月26日PCT公布。 WO95 / 12121 PCT出版物 日期1995年5月4日本发明意图测量放射性核素在受试者的各个部位的真实分布。 通过测量从用于密度测量的放射性核素的密度测量的电离辐射的强度来测量被摄体样品的每个部分的密度，其通过对象样品以相同的量向对象样品的每个部分发射电离辐射 在中间插入时，测量从被检样品的每个部分中存在的另一种放射性核素发射的电离辐射的强度，并且通过补偿被测样品的每个部分中的另一种放射性核素的量来确定电离辐射的测量强度 基于对应于其密度的对象样品的每个部分的自吸收性的另一种放射性核素。

公开(公告)号：US4980901A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-25

申请号：US242350

申请日：1988-09-09

申请人： Robert B. Miller

发明人： Robert B. Miller

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G21G1/12

CPC分类号： G01V5/0008 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： A beam of energy in a first form, such as electrons, is provided in a first direction. The beam may be pulsed or continuous. The beam is intercepted by a member, such as a converter target, to produce energy in a second form such as x-rays. The converter target may be formed from a heavy material such as tungsten or tantalum. The interaction of the electron beam with the converter target will produce energetic bremsstrahlung x-rays in an energy range including 10.6 Mev to approximately 13.0 Mev. This range is sufficient to excite the abundant nitrogen atoms in common explosives to induce the production of annihilation photons but is not sufficient to substantially excite atom of the most abundant elements of the earth's crust (e.g. oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum, carbon, hydrogen, etc.), which comprise most common fabricated articles and soils. The converter target is disposed relative to an object (e.g. a suitcase in an airport) to obtain the production of energy in a third form, such as photons, from the object. The photons pass to a detector such as a scintillation counter which determines the concentration of the nitrogen in the object. The detector may be gated so as to be activated only when the photons are passing from the object to the detector. When the object is a suitcase which is moved along a conveyor, the detector may be downstream from the source in the direction of movement of the conveyor.

公开(公告)号：US4845359A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

申请号：US124713

申请日：1987-11-24

申请人： Peter D. Wraight

发明人： Peter D. Wraight

IPC分类号： G21H5/00 ,  E21B19/00 ,  E21B23/00 ,  E21B47/01 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/04 ,  G01V5/08 ,  G21F5/02 ,  G21K5/00 ,  G21K5/02

CPC分类号： E21B23/00 ,  E21B19/00 ,  E21B47/01 ,  G21F5/02

摘要： A method for moving a radioactive source into and out of a well logging tool incorporated in the drill string is disclosed. Prior to moving the source, the logging tool is positioned sufficiently distant from and vertically under the drilling rig floor so as to avoid a hazardous radiation condition at the floor when the source is in its operative position in the tool. A tubular radiation shield containing the source is positioned at the end of the drill string hanging from the rotary table and a source manipulating device is engaged with the source. It is then lowered through the shield and the drill string into the tool. These steps are practiced in the reverse order when the source is being removed from the tool. An additional shield may be provided to envelop the first shield for added shielding during transportation or storage.

公开(公告)号：US4756866A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-12

申请号：US847191

申请日：1985-10-09

申请人： Luis W. Alvarez

发明人： Luis W. Alvarez

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G21G1/12 ,  G21H5/00 ,  G21K5/10

CPC分类号： H05H13/10 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01V5/0008 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting concentrations of nitrogen between 20% and 30% by weight such as is common in explosives is disclosed. A microtron having an output electron beam at a level below 45 MeV is targeted onto a typically tungsten target to provide gamma radiation levels. Deflection magnets adjacent to the target deflect the electron beam of the microtron to cause it to scan. Articles placed on a container containing suspect nitrogen are systematically scanned and output gamma radiation of 511 keV detected from nitrogen. Nitrogen concentrations and consequently expected concealed explosives are easily mapped in two or three dimensions, quantitatively.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于检测例如爆炸物中常见的20重量％至30重量％之间的氮浓度的方法和装置。 具有低于45MeV的输出电子束的微电子靶向到典型的钨靶上以提供γ辐射水平。 与靶相邻的偏转磁体偏转微电子束的电子束以使其扫描。 放置在含有可疑氮气的容器上的物品被系统地扫描并输出从氮气中检测到的511keV的γ辐射。 定量地将氮浓度和因此预期的隐藏爆炸物容易地映射成二维或三维。

公开(公告)号：US4497768A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-05

申请号：US395893

申请日：1982-07-07

申请人： John T. Caldwell ,  Walter E. Kunz ,  Michael R. Cates ,  Larry A. Franks

发明人： John T. Caldwell ,  Walter E. Kunz ,  Michael R. Cates ,  Larry A. Franks

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01T3/00 ,  G21C17/06 ,  G21C17/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01T3/00 ,  G21C17/06

摘要： Simultaneous photon and neutron interrogation of samples for the quantitative determination of total fissile nuclide and total fertile nuclide material present is made possible by the use of an electron accelerator. Prompt and delayed neutrons produced from resulting induced fissions are counted using a single detection system and allow the resolution of the contributions from each interrogating flux leading in turn to the quantitative determination sought. Detection limits for .sup.239 Pu are estimated to be about 3 mg using prompt fission neutrons and about 6 mg using delayed neutrons.

摘要翻译： 通过使用电子加速器可以实现用于定量测定总裂变核素和总能量核素材料的样品的同时光子和中子询问。 使用单一的检测系统计算由诱导的诱导产生的迅速和延迟的中子，并允许解决来自每个询问通量的贡献，从而导致寻求的定量测定。 239Pu的检测限估计使用快速裂变中子约3毫克，使用延迟中子约为6毫克。

公开(公告)号：US4412174A

公开(公告)日：1983-10-25

申请号：US267656

申请日：1981-05-27

申请人： Thomas W. Conlon ,  Constantin Edeleanu

发明人： Thomas W. Conlon ,  Constantin Edeleanu

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01L1/00 ,  G01N3/56 ,  G01N17/00 ,  G21H5/02 ,  G01R27/02

CPC分类号： G01N3/562 ,  G01N17/00

摘要： A method of and apparatus for the detection of pitting corrosion, in which simultaneous measurements of the rate of loss of material from a body under test are made by means of changes in the resistance of the body and thin layer activation analysis. If the body is corroding uniformly, the rate of loss of material as measured by each technique is the same; if pitting corrosion is occuring, then the two measured rates of loss of material are different.

摘要翻译： 用于检测点腐蚀的方法和装置，其中通过身体电阻的变化和薄层活化分析同时测量被测体内材料的损失速率。 如果身体腐蚀均匀，每种技术测量的材料损失率相同; 如果发生点腐蚀，则两个测量的材料损失率不同。

公开(公告)号：US4190768A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-26

申请号：US920569

申请日：1978-06-29

申请人： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

发明人： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  B65D90/00 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/637

摘要： Fluid in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the relative presence of the elements sulfur, hydrogen and chlorine. From the sulfur measurement, the oil cut of the fluid is determined, enabling the water cut to be determined. From the determined water cut, water salinity can also be determined.

摘要翻译： 在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中的流体被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素硫，氢和氯的相对存在。 从硫测量中，确定流体的油切割，使得能够确定切水。 从确定的水切割，水盐度也可以确定。

公开(公告)号：US4090074A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US732644

申请日：1976-10-15

申请人： John Stanley Watt ,  Vilis Leonids Gravitis

发明人： John Stanley Watt ,  Vilis Leonids Gravitis

IPC分类号： G01N23/06 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01N23/221 ,  G01N33/22 ,  G01N23/20

CPC分类号： G01N23/02

摘要： A method of analysing coal or coke wherein the concentration of ash or mineral matter in coal or coke is determined from (i) the result of a measurement of transmission or scatter of X-rays or .gamma.-rays of a first energy chosen such that there is significant difference in absorption of radiation per unit weight in coal matter and mineral matter excluding iron, combined with (ii) the result of at least one further measurement of transmission or scatter of X-rays or .gamma.-rays at different energy/energies so chosen that there is significant difference in absorption of radiation per unit weight of coal matter and mineral matter and that the relative absorption per unit weights by said coal matter and said mineral matter at any one energy is significantly different from the relative absorption at each other energy including said first energy, and/or (iii) the result of a measurement of iron concentration by neutron capture .gamma.-ray techniques.

摘要翻译： 一种分析煤或焦炭的方法，其中煤或焦炭中的灰分或矿物质的浓度由（i）测量第一能量的X射线或γ射线的透射或散射的测量结果确定，使得在 在煤和除铁以外的矿物质中每单位重量的辐射吸收有显着的差异，再加上（ii）在不同能量/能量下至少进一步测量X射线或γ射线的传播或散射的结果，所以 选择每单位重量的煤物质和矿物质的辐射吸收有显着差异，并且所述煤物质和所述矿物质在任何一种能量下的每单位重量的相对吸收量与每个其他能量的相对吸收显着不同 包括所述第一能量，和/或（iii）通过中子俘获γ射线技术测量铁浓度的结果。

公开(公告)号：US4090072A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-16

申请号：US700129

申请日：1976-06-28

申请人： Walfried Michaelis ,  Agmar Muller ,  Hans Ulrich Fanger ,  Rudolf Pepelnik

发明人： Walfried Michaelis ,  Agmar Muller ,  Hans Ulrich Fanger ,  Rudolf Pepelnik

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01T1/167 ,  G01V5/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/322

摘要： Presence of metals such as copper and nickel being economically interestingetals are determined as to existence thereof in the content of manganese nodules according to a method by means of analysis of the activation gamma spectrum of manganese nodule samples after a neutron irradiation thereon. The sample is irradiated with fast neutrons and from the resulting gamma spectrum the ratio of radiation intensities of two main component parts preferably manganese and iron is taken in order to determine the percentage metal content by way of empirically obtained geochemical correlation-data which reproduce the percentage parts of further elements dependent upon proportional ratio of two main elements of the manganese lumps.

摘要翻译： 根据通过分析中子辐射后锰结核样品的活化γ谱的方法，确定金属如铜和镍的经济感兴趣的金属的存在是根据锰结核的含量存在的。 样品用快中子照射，从所得的伽马光谱中，采用两种主要组分部分（优选锰和铁）的辐射强度比例，以便通过经验获得的地球化学相关性来确定百分比金属含量，该地球化学相关性再现百分比 部分其他元素取决于锰块的两个主要元素的比例比。

公开(公告)号：US4064438A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-20

申请号：US653335

申请日：1976-01-29

申请人： Franklin Alex ,  Joseph Gerald Byrne

发明人： Franklin Alex ,  Joseph Gerald Byrne

IPC分类号： G01N23/221 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q30/04 ,  G01Q40/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/221

摘要： A nondestructive system and method for the determination of the presence and extent of hydrogen embrittlement in metals, alloys, and other crystalline structures subject thereto. Positron annihilation characteristics of the positron-electron annihilation within the tested material provide unique energy distribution curves for each type of material tested at each respective stage of hydrogen embrittlement. Gamma radiation resulting from such annihilation events is detected and statistically summarized by appropriate instrumentation to reveal the variations of electron activity within the tested material caused by hydrogen embrittlement therein. Such data from controlled tests provides a direct indication of the relative stages of hydrogen embrittlement in the form of unique energy distribution curves which may be utilized as calibration curves for future comparison with field tests to give on-site indication of progressive stages of hydrogen embrittlement.

摘要翻译： 用于确定金属，合金以及受其影响的其他晶体结构中氢脆的存在和程度的非破坏性系统和方法。 测试材料中正电子 - 电子湮灭的正电子湮灭特征为在每个相应的氢脆化阶段测试的每种类型的材料提供独特的能量分布曲线。 通过适当的仪器检测和统计总结了由这种湮灭事件产生的伽马辐射，以揭示由其中的氢脆化引起的测试材料内电子活性的变化。 来自受控测试的这些数据提供了以独特的能量分布曲线形式的氢脆化的相对阶段的直接指示，其可以用作将来与现场测试进行比较的校准曲线，以给出氢脆性进行阶段的现场指示。