公开(公告)号：US20050008321A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10614855

申请日：2003-07-07

Applicant: Xiao-An Zhang ,  Sui-Hing Leung ,  Kent Vincent ,  Zhang-Lin Zhou

Inventor： Xiao-An Zhang ,  Sui-Hing Leung ,  Kent Vincent ,  Zhang-Lin Zhou

IPC: G02F1/00 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/17 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30 ,  G02B6/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/0595 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/174 ,  H01L51/0034 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/0075

Abstract: A three-dimensional molecular assembly and method of formation are provided. The molecular assembly is formed on a substrate. The molecular assembly comprises: a first monolayer of seed molecules for initiating self-assembled molecular growth, the first monolayer formed on the substrate; a second monolayer of active molecules comprising a plurality of rotor and stator moieties, with one rotor moiety supported between two stator moieties, the second monolayer of active molecules formed on the first monolayer of seed molecules, with a one-to-one correspondence between molecules in the first monolayer and the second monolayer; a third monolayer of spacer molecules, formed on the second monolayer of active molecules, with a one-to-one correspondence between molecules in the second monolayer and the third monolayer; and a plurality of alternating second monolayers and third monolayers having the one-to-one correspondence.

Abstract translation: 提供三维分子组装和形成方法。 分子组装形成在基底上。 分子组装包括：用于引发自组装分子生长的第一单层种子分子，在基底上形成的第一单层; 包括多个转子和定子部分的第二单层活性分子，其中一个转子部分支撑在两个定子部分之间，在第一单层种子分子上形成的第二单层活性分子与分子之间一一对应 在第一单层和第二单层中; 在第二单层的活性分子上形成的间隔分子的第三单层，在第二单层和第三单分子之间具有一一对应的分子; 以及具有一对一对应关系的多个交替的第二单层和第三单层。

公开(公告)号：US06822893B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-23

申请号：US10268123

申请日：2002-10-10

Applicant: Kent D. Vincent ,  Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams

Inventor： Kent D. Vincent ,  Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams

IPC: G11C1100

CPC classification number: G02F1/15 ,  C09K9/02 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/163 ,  Y10S977/724

Abstract: An electrochromic molecular colorant and a plurality of uses as an erasably writeable medium. Multitudinous types of substrates, such as paper, are adaptable for receiving a coating of the colorant. Electrical fringe field or through fields are used to transform targeted pixel molecules between a first, high color state and transparent state, providing information content having resolution and viewability at least equal to hard copy document print. The scope of the invention includes both the liquid coating and the combination of coating on substrate.

公开(公告)号：US06674932B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-06

申请号：US09846135

申请日：2001-04-30

Applicant: Xiao-An Zhang ,  R Stanley Williams ,  Robert G Walmsley ,  Kent Vincent

Inventor： Xiao-An Zhang ,  R Stanley Williams ,  Robert G Walmsley ,  Kent Vincent

IPC: G02B626

CPC classification number: H01L27/285 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/174 ,  G11C13/0014 ,  G11C13/02 ,  G11C13/04 ,  G11C13/041 ,  G11C23/00 ,  G11C2213/14 ,  G11C2213/77 ,  G11C2213/81 ,  H01L51/0058 ,  H01L51/0591 ,  H01L51/0595

Abstract: A molecular system is provided for electric field activated switches, such as a crossed-wire device or a pair of electrodes to which the molecular system is linked by linking moieties. The crossed-wire device comprises a pair of crossed wires that form a junction where one wire crosses another at an angle other than zero degrees and at least one connector species connecting the pair of crossed wires in the junction. The connector species comprises the molecular system, which has an electric field induced band gap change, and thus a change in its electrical conductivity, that occurs via one a molecular conformation change, based on a rotor/stator construction of the molecular system, involving a rotating portion (rotor) connected between to stationary portions (stators). Nanometer-scale reversible electronic switches are thus provided that can be assembled easily to make cross-bar circuits, which provide memory, logic, and communication functions.

Abstract translation: 为电场激活的开关提供分子系统，例如交叉线装置或分子系统通过连接部分连接的一对电极。 交叉线装置包括一对交叉导线，其形成一个线，其中一条线以零度以外的角度交叉另一条线，以及至少一个连接器种类，连接该交点中的一对交叉线。 连接器种类包括具有电场诱导的带隙变化的分子系统，并且因此基于分子系统的转子/定子结构，通过分子构象变化发生的电导率的变化，其涉及 旋转部分（转子）连接在静止部分（定子）之间。 因此提供了可以容易地组装的纳米级可逆电子开关，以提供提供存储器，逻辑和通信功能的交叉电路。

公开(公告)号：US06639955B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

申请号：US09376852

申请日：1999-08-18

Applicant: Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H03D104

CPC classification number: H04B17/3911

Abstract: A system employs a modified Jakes' fading model to generate a fading signal having substantially equivalent autocorrelation values for in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components. A Walsh transform may be applied to generate multiple, uncorrelated I and Q components, for multiple fading signals. A complex Rayleigh fading signal according to the modified complex Jakes fading model is provided by a generator having M pairs of I and Q paths. Each pair of I and Q paths includes a corresponding complex carrier generator 201 (M an integer and 1≦n≦M) generating a complex carrier signal with frequency, &ohgr;n, where &ohgr;n is cos ((4n−3&pgr;)/4M). Each of the I paths has a circuit that separates the real component of the corresponding carrier signal to provide a real carrier signal cos (&ohgr;nt). Similarly, each of the Q paths has a circuit that separates the imaginary component of the corresponding complex carrier signal to provide an imaginary carrier signal sin (&ohgr;nt). The M output signals of the circuits for the I-paths may be summed in a corresponding adder to provide in-phase component rI(t) of the fading signal r(t). Similarly, the M output signals of the circuits for the Q-paths may be summed in a corresponding adder to provide the quadrature component rQ(t) of the fading signal r(t).

Abstract translation: 系统采用经修改的Jakes衰落模型来产生具有基本等效的自相关值的衰落信号，用于同相（I）和正交相（Q）分量。 对于多个衰落信号，可以应用沃尔什变换来产生多个不相关的I和Q分量。 根据经修改的复合抖动衰落模型的复数瑞利衰落信号由具有M对I和Q路径的发生器提供。 每对I和Q路径包括产生频率ωgan的复数载波信号的对应的复数载波发生器201（M为整数，1≤n≤M），其中ω为cos（（4n-3pi）/ 4M） 。 I路径中的每一个具有分离相应载波信号的实部分量以提供实际载波信号cos（ω）的电路。 类似地，Q路径中的每一个具有分离对应的复载波信号的虚分量以提供假载波信号sin（ω）的电路。 用于I-path的电路的M个输出信号可以在相应的加法器中相加，以提供衰落信号r（t）的同相分量rI（t）。 类似地，用于Q路径的电路的M个输出信号可以在相应的加法器中相加，以提供衰落信号r（t）的正交分量rQ（t）。

公开(公告)号：US06633615B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

申请号：US09495161

申请日：2000-01-31

Applicant: Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

Inventor： Steven P. Pekarich ,  Xiao-An Wang

IPC: H04L512

CPC classification number: H04L1/006 ,  H03M13/41 ,  H03M13/6343 ,  H03M13/6502 ,  H03M13/6583 ,  H04L1/0054

Abstract: A circuit performs threshold normalization of accumulated transition probabilities for a given state of a state transition trellis in a maximum likelihood detector. Threshold normalization may be accomplished by comparison and setting of a single bit in stored transition probabilities. Threshold value comparison may be accomplished by comparing the bth bit of the stored transition probabilities if the threshold value is 2b. When all transition probabilities exceed the threshold value at a stage of the trellis, the transition probabilities are scaled, such as by subtracting the threshold value. Scaling may be implemented by setting the compared bth bits to zero before storage. In general, since accumulated transition probabilities are monotonically increasing for transition probabilities of paths through the trellis in both forward and reverse directions, the present invention may be employed for both threshold normalization of both the forward (&agr;) and reverse (&bgr;) transition probabilities.

Abstract translation: 电路对最大似然检测器中状态转移网格的给定状态的累积转移概率进行阈值归一化。 阈值归一化可以通过比较和设置存储的转移概率中的单个比特来实现。 如果阈值为 2 b，则可以通过比较存储的转移概率的b 位来实现阈值比较。 当所有转移概率在网格的阶段超过阈值时，转换概率被缩放，例如通过减去阈值。 可以通过将存储之前将比较的b 位设置为零来实现缩放。 一般来说，由于累积的转移概率对于沿正向和反向方向通过网格的路径的转移概率单调增加，所以本发明可用于正向（α）和反向（β）转移概率两者的阈值归一化。

公开(公告)号：US06556470B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09919394

申请日：2001-07-31

Applicant: Kent D. Vincent ,  Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams

Inventor： Kent D. Vincent ,  Xiao-An Zhang ,  R. Stanley Williams

IPC: G11C1100

CPC classification number: G02F1/15 ,  C09K9/02 ,  G02B26/026 ,  G02F1/163 ,  Y10S977/724

Abstract: An electrochromic molecular colorant and a plurality of uses as an erasably writeable medium. Multitudinous types of substrates, such as paper, are adaptable for receiving a coating of the colorant. Electrical fringe field or through fields are used to transform targeted pixel molecules between a first, high color state and transparent state, providing information content having resolution and viewability at least equal to hard copy document print. The scope of the invention includes both the liquid coating and the combination of coating on substrate.

公开(公告)号：US06512119B2

公开(公告)日：2003-01-28

申请号：US09759438

申请日：2001-01-12

Applicant: Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Pavel Kornilovich ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

Inventor： Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Pavel Kornilovich ,  R. Stanley Williams ,  Xiao-An Zhang

IPC: C07D21908

CPC classification number: G11C23/00 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  C07D219/16 ,  G02F1/15 ,  G02F1/174 ,  G11C13/0014 ,  G11C13/02 ,  G11C13/04 ,  G11C2213/14 ,  G11C2213/77 ,  G11C2213/81

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, nanometer-scale reversible electronic switches are provided that can be assembled to make cross-bar circuits that provide memory, logic, and communications functions. The electronic switches, or crossed-wire devices, comprise a pair of crossed wires that form a junction where one wire crosses another at an angle other than zero degrees and at least one connector species connecting the pair of crossed wires in the junction. The junction has a functional dimension in nanometers, wherein at least one connector species and the pair of crossed wires forms an electrochemical cell. The connector species comprises a bistable molecule having a general formula given by The bistable molecules evidence high switching speed. Such molecules are essentially stable against switching due to thermal fluctuations.

Abstract translation: 根据本发明，提供了可组装纳米级的可逆电子开关，以制造提供存储器，逻辑和通信功能的交叉电路。 电子开关或交叉线装置包括一对交叉导线，其形成一个线，其中一个线以零度以外的角度与另一条线交叉，并且至少一个连接器种类连接在该结中的一对交叉线。 该结具有纳米的功能尺寸，其中至少一个连接器种类和一对交叉线形成电化学电池。 连接器种类包括双稳态分子，其具有由双稳态分子表示的通式表示高切换速度。 由于热波动，这种分子基本上是稳定的。

公开(公告)号：US20140233684A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-21

申请号：US13769250

申请日：2013-02-15

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04L25/0204

Abstract: Most wireless channels are sparse, so sparse channel-based methods can be used for channel estimation and feedback with much better estimation accuracy and much lower feedback overhead. However, certain wireless channels can be non-sparse, for which sparse channel-based methods may cause degraded estimation quality and increased feedback overhead. Means of detecting the channel sparseness are described that provide simple and effective channel sparseness indicators and safeguard against the mismatch between non-sparse channels and sparse channel-based methods. Various fallback options can be used under non-sparse channels such that estimation degradation and feedback overhead are both minimized. Fake multipath removal in continuous time-domain parameter extraction, a sparse channel-based method, is also described that further improves estimation quality and reduces feedback overhead.

Abstract translation: 大多数无线信道是稀疏的，因此基于信道的稀疏方法可以用于信道估计和反馈，具有更好的估计精度和更低的反馈开销。 然而，某些无线信道可以是非稀疏的，对于这些信道，基于信道的稀疏方法可能导致估计质量下降和增加的反馈开销。 描述了检测通道稀疏度的手段，其提供简单有效的信道稀疏指示符，并且防止非稀疏信道与基于信道的稀疏信道之间的不匹配。 可以在非稀疏信道下使用各种备用选项，从而将估计降级和反馈开销都最小化。 还描述了连续时域参数提取中的虚拟多径去除，这是一种基于稀疏信道的方法，可进一步提高估计质量并降低反馈开销。

公开(公告)号：US20130242841A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-19

申请号：US13419592

申请日：2012-03-14

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04W72/00

CPC classification number: H04W72/005 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04L5/0023 ,  H04L5/0035 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L25/022 ,  H04L25/0224

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of channel feedback are disclosed. In OFDM systems, the channel is acquired in the frequency domain. A generic multipath model for wireless channels, however, reveals that the time-domain parameters of the channel require much smaller data than the frequency-domain representation of the channel. Means to extracting the time-domain parameters from the frequency-domain channel samples are described for both the continuous time domain and the discrete time domain. Refinements of the time-domain parameters via minimizing a frequency-domain matching error are also described, which further improve the quality of the channel feedback and reduce the feedback overhead. Channel feedback with the time-domain parameters requires only a small fraction of the feedback overhead that is needed by existing channel feedback schemes, and maintains consistently superior performances over wireless channels of various delay spreads, short or long.

Abstract translation: 公开了信道反馈的方法和装置。 在OFDM系统中，在频域中获取信道。 然而，用于无线信道的通用多径模型揭示了信道的时域参数需要比信道的频域表示少得多的数据。 对于连续时域和离散时域都描述了从频域信道样本中提取时域参数的手段。 还描述了通过最小化频域匹配误差来改进时域参数，这进一步提高了信道反馈的质量并减少了反馈开销。 具有时域参数的信道反馈仅需要现有信道反馈方案所需的反馈开销的一小部分，并且在短时间或长的各种延迟传播的无线信道上保持一致的优异性能。

公开(公告)号：US20130083778A1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-04

申请号：US13249238

申请日：2011-09-30

Applicant: Xiao-an Wang

Inventor： Xiao-an Wang

IPC: H04W40/00 ,  H04W92/00 ,  H04L27/28 ,  H04B7/216

CPC classification number: H04L1/0027 ,  H04L1/0026 ,  H04L1/04 ,  H04L25/0228 ,  H04L2001/0093

Abstract: Multipoint broadcasting requires that the downlink-channel information be available at collaborating base stations. Methods and apparatus for wideband analog channel feedback are described that provide downlink-channel information feedback from mobile users to base stations via uplink channels, and that use very few or no resources of the RAT of the wireless cellular network. Also described are methods and apparatus that perform channel-feedback signal cancellation at base stations to reduce its interference on the uplink-traffic signal. Wideband analog channel feedback is adaptable to the feedback bandwidth in uplink, and it offers frequency diversity to combat the deep fading in feedback channels. Wideband analog channel feedback is also applicable to uplink channel-information feedback. Applications of the described methods and apparatus include multipoint broadcasting in a wireless cellular network, and more generally, channel feedback between two communicating devices in a communications network.

Abstract translation: 多点广播需要下行链路信道在协作基站可用。 描述了用于宽带模拟信道反馈的方法和装置，其通过上行链路信道从移动用户向基站提供下行链路信道信息反馈，并且使用无线蜂窝网络的RAT的很少或没有资源。 还描述了在基站执行信道反馈信号消除以减少其对上行链路业务信号的干扰的方法和装置。 宽带模拟信道反馈适用于上行链路的反馈带宽，并提供频率分集以抵御反馈信道的深度衰落。 宽带模拟信道反馈也适用于上行链路信道信息反馈。 所描述的方法和装置的应用包括无线蜂窝网络中的多点广播，更一般地，在通信网络中的两个通信设备之间的信道反馈。