摘要:
An Er:YAG laser includes an Er:YAG crystal medium and optical pumping element and is adapted to oscillate at a wavelength of 2.94 μm. The optical pumping element irradiates pumping light pulses onto a plurality of regions along a longitudinal direction of the Er:YAG crystal medium from its side at timings offset from each other, thereby exciting the respective regions. By exciting the spatial regions of the laser medium in a time-sharing manner, Er ions in an unexcited region of a 4I13/2 level serving as a lower level in the 2.94 μm-wavelength laser are reduced by a non-radiation process and, therefore, it is possible to achieve the increase in power of the 2.94 μm-wavelength laser output of the Er:YAG laser.
摘要:
A composition containing a very low water-soluble drug, which composition is produced by treating, with a supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide fluid, a mixture containing a very low water-soluble drug and a porous material (exclusive of a porous silica material characterized in that the material has an average pore diameter of 1 to 20 nm, the total pore volume of the material that have a diameter falling within a range of ±40% of the average pore diameter account for 60% or more the volume of all the pores of the material, and, when subjected to X-ray diffractometry, the material exhibits one or more peaks at a diffraction angle (2θ) corresponding to d of 1 nm or more); and a method for producing the composition. The very-low-water-soluble-drug-containing composition of the present invention ensures improved dissolution of the very low water-soluble drug.
摘要:
There is provided a method for restraining deformation of a nip roll, in which polygonal deformation of nip rolls that are in contact with each other is restrained, so that vibration produced by the deformation is decreased.The diameter ratio between the first and second nip rolls 1 and 2 is set at a value different from 1, by which both of the numbers of polygon sides of the rolls 1 and 2 are prevented from becoming integers or values close to integers. Thereby, polygonal deformation of nip rolls that are in contact with each other, so that vibration produced by the deformation is decreased.
摘要:
There is provided a method for restraining deformation of a nip roll, in which polygonal deformation of nip rolls that are in contact with each other is restrained, so that vibration produced by the deformation is decreased. The diameter ratio between the first and second nip rolls 1 and 2 is set at a value different from 1, by which both of the numbers of polygon sides of the rolls 1 and 2 are prevented from becoming integers or values close to integers. Thereby, polygonal deformation of nip rolls that are in contact with each other, so that vibration produced by the deformation is decreased.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to provide an optical recording medium which can respond to high-density and high recording linear velocity with recording linear velocity at 1.0× to 16× or more (recording linear velocity=approx. 3.5 m/s to 56 m/s or more), and a method and an apparatus for the optical recording and reproducing. Thus, the present invention provides an optical recording medium comprising a substrate and at least a recording layer and a reflective layer disposed on the substrate, in which any one of recording, reproducing, erasing, and rewriting of information is enabled by irradiating laser beam to the recording layer to induce a reversible phase change on the recording layer in which the reflectance (Rg) of the non-recorded portion in the case of the recording layer comprising Zn, Sn, and Sb and the laser beam wavelength being within the range of 650 nm to 665 nm is 12% to 30%.
摘要:
Optical information recording is achieved at high speed such as sixthfold to eightfold speed of DVD while suppressing jitter by a high-speed recording strategy such as a 2T period strategy, by once reducing the optical power of the optical beam used for optical recording, when starting recording of an amorphous mark pattern after the step of forming a crystalline space region but before the step of irradiating the optical beam with a peak power level for the mark formation, such that the optical power of the optical beam is reduced below the erasing optical power used for forming the crystalline space region.
摘要:
A coating apparatus and a coating method are provided capable of adjusting the coating conditions into optimum and producing stabilized coating film continuously. The coating apparatus comprises a backing roll 2; a coating color delivery slit 4; a gas chamber 10, disposed upstream to the coating color delivery slit 4, containing therein a gas injection nozzle 9 and a pressure sensor 7; a gas recovery chamber 14 disposed upstream to the gas chamber; a nozzle group 20 disposed upstream to the gas recovery chamber 14; and a pressure control device for controlling the pressure inside of the gas chamber within a predetermined pressure range based on the detection results of the pressure sensor.
摘要:
Crude sorbic acid produced in a decomposition step 1 is subjected to a crystallization step 2 to precipitate crystalline sorbic acid, and the crystalline sorbic acid is separated from a mother liquor (filtrate). The mother liquor was subjected to an extraction step 3 in which a specific extractant is employed, and an extract (organic phase) is subjected to a back extraction step 4 and treated with an alkaline solution to extract the sorbic acid into an aqueous phase in the form of a salt. The aqueous phase is neutralized in a neutralization step 6 and the produced sorbic acid is recovered in a separation step 7. As the extractant, use can be made of an organic solvent which is separable from water and has a solubility in water of not more than 1% by weight and in which not less than 0.5% by weight of sorbic acid is dissolvable (e.g., aliphatic C6-20 alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic ethers). According to the above process, sorbic acid can be recovered from a filtrate (mother liquor) produced in a sorbic acid production process with high recovering efficiency and therefore results in a consequent and effective reduction in the BOD of the waste liquid.
摘要:
A method for preparing a glass substrate for use in making a magnetic recording medium is herein disclosed and the method is characterized in that an abrasive liquid containing a CeO2-base abrasive having an average particle size, D50, of not more than 0.5 &mgr;m in an amount of not more than 1% by mass and an abrasive cloth are used in a step for final polishing the glass substrate for magnetic recording media. The method permits easy preparation of a glass substrate for use in making a magnetic recording medium, which has a uniform surface, is substantially free of any surface defect and has a smooth surface having an extremely low surface roughness.
摘要:
An effluent containing sorbic acid or its salt from, for example, a sorbic acid production line is (1) treated with a hypohalogenous acid or its salt, e.g. sodium hypochlorite, or (2) subjected to membrane separation or activated carbon treatment and further to biological treatment such as activated sludge treatment. The required amount of the hypohalogenous acid or salt may for example be about 0.01-10 parts by weight, in terms of effective halogen, based on 100 parts by weight of the effluent. Optionally the effluent thus treated with the hypohalogenous acid or salt is further subjected to a biological treatment such as an activated sludge process.