摘要:
For fuel injection control in a cylinder direct-injection engine, fuel injection beginnings for injecting fuel successively into a plurality of cylinders are calculated; threshold voltage impression beginnings at which a threshold voltage for starting to inject the fuel from injectors is applied are calculated, corresponding to the fuel injection beginnings, and the ends of the threshold voltage impression are calculated; it is determined whether or not a first period between the beginning and end of threshold voltage impression for a preceding cylinder is coincident with a second period between the beginning and end of threshold voltage impression for a succeeding cylinder; and the second period is modified so as to be earlier or later than the first period, if the two periods are coincident with each other.
摘要:
The frequency divider includes a first or prescaling counter which selects between first and second frequency division factors, in response to a first control signal, and then divides an input signal frequency responsive to the first control signal. A second and programmable counter frequency divides the output of the first or prescaling counter by a third frequency-division factor. A third and programmable counter frequency divides the output of the first counter by a fourth frequency-division factor which is smaller than the third frequency-division factor. A switching control circuit then converts the output of the third counter and supplies the converted signal to the first counter, as the first control signal. The digital frequency divider is suitable for use a part of a phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer.
摘要:
A temperature-compensated oscillator avoids noise heretofore caused by unduly high signal level changes of a control voltage resulting from sensed temperature changes. This is done by reducing the high level changes into a plurality of relatively low level changes which produce a cumulative effect comparable to the high level effect. The many low level changes do not produce reactions which are abrupt enough to cause noise, especially a phase modulation or frequency modulation noise.
摘要:
A bed and a stretcher for permitting transferring of a patient from a stretcher over to a bed, or visa versa. The bed has a plurality of supporting ledges arranged in parallel with a uniform spacing and set in place on the main bed frame in a horizontal manner. A vertically traveling frame that has a plurality of uniformily spaced supporting ledges arranged in parallel in a horizontal manner is so set in place as to be movable in a vertical direction relative to the main bed frame, whereby the supporting ledges of the traveling frame are caused to be inserted into or pass through the spaces between the supporting ledges of the bed frame. The stretcher has a pair of spaced supporting bars and a supporting member for supporting a patient. One of the supporting bars is fixed on one end of the supporting member, and the other supporting bar is arranged to be connected with, and separated from, the other end of the supporting member. The stretcher and bed are combined with each other in such a manner that the supporting member of the stretcher is inserted into the spaces formed between respective adjoining supporting ledges of the vertically traveling frame.
摘要:
A method of verifying a circuit for use in an apparatus for verifying a circuit operation indicated by circuit information, the circuit including a plurality of logic circuits and at least one connection line between the logic circuits, the method includes: obtaining information of a plurality of pieces of asynchronous circuits from the circuit information; determining information of asynchronous circuits of a first type and a second type stored in a library; extracting information of an asynchronous circuit of a third type including the asynchronous circuits of the first type and the second type; and extracting verification information associated with the information of the asynchronous circuit of the third type, for verifying the circuit.
摘要:
A verification apparatus that verifies whether a reference circuit and an implemented circuit are logically equivalent deletes, respectively therefrom, all buffers and an even number of inverters between flip-flops. On each of the circuits, the apparatus further deletes and merges a flip-flop to another flip-flop that is logically equivalent. The name of the deleted flip-flip is added to the name of the flip-flop to which it is merged. The apparatus compares all of the names of the flip-flops and pairs the flip-flops by name. From the input pin of each of the paired flip-flops, logic cones are defined and using these logic cones, comparison of and verification between the reference circuit and the implemented circuit is performed.
摘要:
Practical diffractive optical elements are made available efficiently and at low-cost. A refractive-index-modulated diffractive optical element includes a transparent DLC (diamond-like carbon) film (2) formed on a transparent substrate (1), with the DLC film (2) containing a diffraction grating having local regions (2a) of a relatively high refractive index and local regions (2) of a relatively low refractive index. The DLC film (2) can readily be deposited by plasma CVD onto the substrate (1), and the high refractive-index regions (2a) within the DLC film can readily be formed by irradiating it with an energy beam (4) such as an ion beam.
摘要:
A solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of photodiode regions arranged in an array, a non-transparent border region existing around each photodiode region, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses arranged in an array corresponding to the plurality of photodiode regions; wherein each microlens functions to converge incident light advancing straight toward the non-transparent border region around the corresponding photodiode region into that photodiode region, and the microlens array is formed using a transparent diamond-like carbon (DLC) film, the DLC film including a region where its refractive index is modulated corresponding to each microlens, and a light-converging effect being caused when light flux passes through the region where the refractive index was modulated.
摘要:
A method of verifying a circuit for use in an apparatus for verifying a circuit operation indicated by circuit information, the circuit including a plurality of logic circuits and at least one connection line between the logic circuits, the method includes: obtaining information of a plurality of pieces of asynchronous circuits from the circuit information; determining information of asynchronous circuits of a first type and a second type stored in a library; extracting information of an asynchronous circuit of a third type including the asynchronous circuits of the first type and the second type; and extracting verification information associated with the information of the asynchronous circuit of the third type, for verifying the circuit.
摘要:
A hologram color filter diffraction-separates an incident lightwave using a hologram to project thus separated lightwaves having different-wavelengths at intended positions with a specified spatial period. The hologram color filter comprises a light-transmitting substrate (21) and a light-transmitting diamond-like-carbon (DLC) film (22) formed on the substrate. In the DLC film, a relatively-low-refractive-index belt-shaped region (n1, 22a) and a relatively-high-refractive-index belt-shaped region (n2, 22b) are placed alternately.