摘要:
An optical element is provided that allows accurate measurement of the shapes of the element and its surfaces which light is bound to strike, a jig is provided for holding the optical element, and an apparatus such as an image pickup apparatus or display apparatus is provided which includes the optical element. This optical element is characterized in that it includes surfaces which light is bound to strike and reference portions indicating the reference positions of the shapes of the surfaces, and the reference portions have curved surfaces defining points corresponding to the reference positions.
摘要:
A heating apparatus for performing heat treatment on a wafer applied with a resist before or after exposure includes a heating plate for heating a wafer which is placed on the heating plate, a light intensity detecting apparatus for irradiating light on the wafer to detect intensity of reflected light from the resist on the wafer, and a control section for controlling heating performed by the heating plate on the basis of the detected intensity of reflected light so that heating amount applied to a plurality of wafers becomes constant. Accordingly, the heating amount of the wafer can be controlled to be constant and variations in dimension of resist patterns can be reduced.
摘要:
An optical transmission line is formed and thereafter solidified using an optical transmission line forming material in the fluid condition. The optical transmission line formed between optical transmission terminals assures higher reliability and never generates disconnection or internal stress therein.
摘要:
Attention is paid to the shifting of a focal point depth due to an interference between some light penetrating even a light shielding film, that is, a light shielding film having a nonzero transmittance, and light passing through an opening. Study has been made about how both the transmittance of the light shielding film and the phase difference between the light penetrating the light shielding film and light passing through a light transmitting medium the same in thickness as the light shielding film vary, arriving at a conclusion that the broadest focal point tolerance can be obtained if a phase difference of substantially n.multidot..pi. (n: an positive integer) exists between light penetrating the light shielding film and light passing through the light transmitting medium.
摘要:
The present invention provides an information processing apparatus which comprises separating means for separating inputted data into identification data and data to be encrypted, determination means for determining an encryption method specified by a combination of an encryption key and an encryption algorithm in accordance with the identification data separated by the separating means, encryption means for encrypting the data to be encrypted by utilizing the encryption method determined by the determination means and generating encrypted data having the number of bits same as that of the data to be encrypted, and locating means for locating the identification data showing the encryption method used for encrypting the data to be encrypted in a predetermined position in the encrypted data.
摘要:
A wideband semiconductor electro-absorption optical modulator including a semiconductor core shorter in absorption-peak wavelength than a wavelength of optical signal, and an electrode for applying an electric signal to absorb the optical signal by shifting the absorption-peak wavelength to a long wavelength region when a voltage is applied, wherein an electric signal input port and an electric signal output port are disposed so that the electrode is constructed in the form of a traveling-wave electrode, and a total thickness of non-doped layers including the semiconductor core is reduced to decrease a driving voltage. Degradation of optical modulation bandwidth and reflection characteristics of the electric signal caused by mismatching of characteristic impedance to an outer circuit are reduced by decreasing an interaction length of the electric signal and the optical signal. Further, mismatching of characteristic impedance is corrected by adjusting a doping concentration of a p-type or n-type doped layer located above or beneath the semiconductor core.
摘要:
An optical transmission line is formed and thereafter solidified using an optical transmission line forming material in the fluid condition. The optical transmission line formed between optical transmission terminals assures higher reliability and never generates disconnection or internal stress therein.
摘要:
This invention provides an exposure mask including a translucent film formed on a light-transmitting substrate and having a mask pattern, and a stabilized region formed in the boundary between the light-transmitting substrate and the translucent film or on at least the surface of the translucent film to prevent variations in physical properties of the translucent film. In addition, this invention provides a method of manufacturing an exposure mask, including the steps of forming a translucent film on a light-transmitting substrate, forming a photosensitive resin film on the translucent film, forming a photosensitive resin pattern by exposing the photosensitive resin film to a radiation or a charged particle beam, removing an exposed portion of the translucent film by using the photosensitive resin pattern as a mask, removing the photosensitive resin pattern, and forming a stabilized region in the boundary between the light-transmitting substrate and the translucent film or on at least the surface of the translucent film before the step of forming the photosensitive resin film or after the step of forming the photosensitive resin pattern. Also, this invention provides an apparatus for manufacturing an exposure mask, including a light source for radiating light containing at least an exposure wavelength onto a translucent film formed on a light-transmitting substrate, a photodetecting unit for detecting light emitted from the light source and transmitted through or reflected by the translucent film, and a measuring unit for measuring the characteristic of the translucent film from the light detected by the photodetecting unit.
摘要:
An ink container for containing ink includes an outer casing; an inner casing, in the outer casing, for containing the ink therein; filler material disposed between the outer casing and the inner casing to isolate the ink from ambient condition change.
摘要:
An electrically controlled optical device includes a traveling wave electrode structure, a shield conductor and a thick buffer layer having a low dielectric constant. The thickness of an overlaid layer disposed between the traveling wave electrode structure and the shield conductor, as well as the thickness of the buffer layer, is determined so that the effective index of a microwave transmitted through the traveling wave electrode structure approaches the effective index of light transmitted through an optical waveguide, so that the microwave conductor loss is reduced, and so that the characteristic impedance of the traveling wave electrode structure approaches the characteristic impedance of an associated external microwave circuit.