摘要:
A method and apparatus for operating a high pressure discharge lamp is disclosed. Oscillation in the discharge arc periphery, a problem that occurs with high frequency operation, is eliminated. A high pressure discharge lamp is operated by applying thereto a dc or rectangular wave current to which is superposed an ac component shaped by a high frequency ripple signal that has been amplitude modulated by a modulation signal for inducing instantaneous fluctuations in the power supply input to both ends of the arc gap. The ripple level is thereby temporally varied, and stable operating is possible even exceeding the ripple level at which oscillation in the arc periphery begins.
摘要:
Pick-up tools and other devices for handling semiconductor wafers are require to be capable of withstanding corrosive chemical substances and extreme temperatures, and the valve unit for use in such devices must meet these requirements. The valve unit is also desired to be free from electrostatic charging. To this end, the valve unit comprises a valve main body, having a valve seat defined therein, which is made of relatively electroconductive and self-lubricating material such as PTFE, and a valve case which is injection molded around the valve unit and made of a material having some electroconductivity and a high resistance against deformation such as PEEK mixed with carbon fibers. Provision of annular grooves on the outer surface of the valve main body improves the attachment between the valve main body and the valve case so as to improve both the sealing performance and the mechanical integrity of the valve unit.
摘要:
A magnetic recording medium of the present invention includes: a non-magnetic substrate; a ferromagnetic thin metal layer formed on the non-magnetic substrate; and a carbon layer and a lubricant layer in contact with the carbon layer, which is formed above the ferromagnetic thin metal layer so that the lubricant layer is an outermost layer, wherein the carbon layer contains nitrogen atoms, a Raman spectrum of the carbon layer has a peak A in the range of about 1310 to about 1410 cm.sup.-1 and a peak B in the range of about 1520 to about 1570 cm.sup.-1, and a ratio of integrated intensities of the peak A to the peak B is in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.0.
摘要:
A method for fabricating a gate electrode structure of a semiconductor device includes the steps of forming a refractory metal layer of such as tungsten over a substrate, a nitride layer of such as tungsten nitride on the refractory metal layer, and a low resistance metal layer of such as gold (Au) on the nitride layer, and etching and removing the portions of the refractory metal layer and the nitride layer that are existing outside a predetermined region. In place of the refractory metal layer, the refractory metal compound layer may be used. The nitride layer is formed by introducing a nitrogen gas into a sputtering system where reactive sputtering is carried out. Without sacrificing the reliability of the gate or barrier characteristics, it is possible to reduce the number of process steps otherwise required.
摘要:
A magnetic recording media comprising a non-magnetic substrate, a ferromagnetic thin film on the non-magnetic substrate, a hard carbon film on the ferromagnetic thin film, a modified layer of which atomic ratio of nitrogen/carbon is 0.8% or more, and of which thickness is less than 3 nm on the hard carbon film, and a lubricant layer on the modified layer, has excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristic, running stability, durability, and weatherability.
摘要:
With the use of a novel method in which after a magnetic recording medium carrying a ferromagnetic metal thin film is heated, a protective layer is developed on the ferromagnetic metal thin film by a known plasma CVD technique while an out gas from the magnetic recording medium being eliminated by absorption, another method in which a ferromagnetic metal thin film and a protective layer are formed in succession within a vacuum chamber, or a further method in which after a non-magnetic substrate is heated, a ferromagnetic metal thin film and a protective layer are formed in succession within a vacuum chamber while an out gas from the non-magnetic substrate and the ferromagnetic metal thin film being eliminated by absorption, the atomic ratio of the hydroxyl group to a primary component metal element contained in the ferromagnetic metal thin film can be decreased at the interface between the ferromagnetic metal thin film and the protective layer.
摘要:
In a non-agitational, countercurrent flow type of liquid-liquid contacting tower, splitter plates with plural slits and/or holes through which light and heavy liquids flow, and baffles having the appropriate shapes and areas in order to cover the liquid flowing upward or downward, are alternately mounted horizontally inside the tower shell in vertical direction. The ratios of the opening area to the total cross-sectional area in the splitter plate are 10% to 40%, and the opening area of a baffles is larger than the aperture area of a splitter plate. The advantages of this invention are as follows: Because of the high contacting efficiency, a relatively smaller contactor has an equivalent performance with that of a larger contactor; there exists no risk of plugging due to scum accumulation, and maintenance is easy.
摘要:
A method of producing a magnetic recording medium has the steps of forming a ferromagnetic metallic film layer on a non-magnetic substrate, forming, by a plasma CVD process, a protective layer on the ferromagnetic metallic film layer, and forming an oxidation layer on the protective layer by a process conducted in a vacuum atmosphere. An apparatus is disclosed for carrying out this method has a plasma CVD system for forming a ferromagnetic metallic film layer on a non-magnetic substrate, a feeding device including a plurality of rollers and for feeding the substrate carrying the ferromagnetic metal film layer in a predetermined direction, a processing device disposed at a position corresponding to one of the rollers and capable of forming a protective layer on the ferromagnetic metallic film layer, and a vacuum processing device capable of forming an oxidation layer and disposed downstream of the plasma CVD system as viewed in the direction of feed of the substrate effected by the feeding device.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for vacuum degassing blows gas into molten metal so as to form a substantially uniformly distributed bubble over the path area defined by an induction pipe. In order to achieve this, discharge nozzles are separated into at least two groups. The pressures of the gases discharged through the discharge nozzles in different groups are controlled independently of the other so that gas blown through a first group of nozzles forms bubbles at around the central portion of the induction pipe and the pressure of the gas blown through the other group of nozzles is adjusted for forming the bubbles in the vicinity of the periphery of the induction pipe.
摘要:
A head driving apparatus for displacing a magnetic head comprises a plurality of slender rods, the respective ends of which are fixed to one another. The slender rods are twisted together by a motor or the like which is connected to ends of the rods thereof, so that the other ends of the slender rods are finely displaced against the force of an urging element, such as a coiled spring. Thus, it is easy to make the apparatus operating noise not noticeable and the motor capacity small.