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公开(公告)号：US06573782B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-03
申请号：US09769941
申请日：2001-01-26
IPC分类号： H03D302
CPC分类号： H03D3/02
摘要： A circuit (100) for generating a ratio signal indicating a ratio of frequency error to signal magnitude of an input signal includes an FM ratio detector (110) and a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (130). The FM ratio detector (110) is responsive to the input signal and generates a magnitude signal and an error signal. The magnitude signal is representative of a magnitude of the input signal and the error signal is representative of a frequency error of the input signal relative to a preselected frequency. The sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (130), which is responsive to the filtered magnitude signal and the filtered error signal, generates a stream of logic “1's” and logic “0's” that are indicative of a ratio of the filtered error signal to the filtered magnitude signal. Thus, the sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter generates the ratio signal (132).
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公开(公告)号：US5770980A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US773244
申请日：1996-12-23
CPC分类号： H03B5/368 , H03B2200/0008 , H03B2200/0026 , H03B2200/0034 , H03B2200/0038 , H03B2200/0058 , H03B2200/0062 , H03B2200/0082 , H03B2200/0094 , H03B2201/0208 , H03B5/364
摘要： A low power, fast starting oscillator (10) of the Colpitts type includes an amplifier (12) that provides voltage gain and feeds a source follower circuit (14) that provides a desirable output impedance. A crystal (16) is coupled from an output of the source follower circuit (14) back to the amplifier's input (32). The voltage gain of the amplifier (12) and the output impedance of the source follower circuit (14) are independently selectable to provide an optimum transconductance for the oscillator (10) to start quickly. When oscillations reach a threshold value, the transconductance may be reduced to save power.
摘要翻译： Colpitts型的低功率，快速启动振荡器（10）包括提供电压增益的放大器（12）并且馈送提供期望的输出阻抗的源极跟随器电路（14）。 晶体（16）从源极跟随器电路（14）的输出耦合回到放大器的输入端（32）。 放大器（12）的电压增益和源极跟随器电路（14）的输出阻抗是可独立选择的，以提供振荡器（10）快速启动的最佳跨导。 当振荡达到阈值时，跨导可以减少以节省功率。
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公开(公告)号：US06667769B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-23
申请号：US10012947
申请日：2001-12-10
申请人： Austin Harton , Francisco Castro , Barry Herold
发明人： Austin Harton , Francisco Castro , Barry Herold
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H04N5/37455
摘要： A time-integrating pixel sensor having a photo-detector, a capacitor, a comparator and a pixel data buffer. In operation, the photo-current from the photo-detector charges the capacitor and produces a photo-voltage. The photo-voltage sensed by the capacitor and a reference voltage is compared with the comparator. If the photo-voltage exceeds the reference voltage, a global code value is latched into the pixel data buffer. The optical power falling on the photo-detector is determined from the latched code value. An array of sensors is incorporated into a semiconductor device together with circuitry to read and decode the pixel data buffers. The reference voltage may be varied in time to increase the dynamic range of the sensor.
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公开(公告)号：US5303402A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-12
申请号：US848559
申请日：1992-03-09
申请人： Kevin McLaughlin , Barry Herold
发明人： Kevin McLaughlin , Barry Herold
IPC分类号： H01L23/525 , H01H85/04 , H01H37/76
CPC分类号： H01L23/5252 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/3011
摘要： A radio receiver has a receiver section (103) that receives an information signal and an integrated circuit (105) in which a default operating condition of an electronic device is selectively programmed. A mask option programming link in the integrated circuit (105) is programmed while maintaining electrical isolation of a programming bias from the electronic device (207). The mask option programming link has a first conductor (211) in a first layer with first (212) and second (213) programming contact terminals. A second conductor (210) that determines a default operating condition of the electronic device (207), resides in a second layer that is electrically isolated from the first layer. When sufficient programming bias is applied to the programming terminals of the first conductor (211), energy dissipated by the first conductor eliminates coupling of the second conductor (210) to the electronic device (207), changing its default operating condition.
摘要翻译： 无线电接收机具有接收信息信号的接收机部分（103）和选择性地编程电子设备的默认操作条件的集成电路（105）。 编程集成电路（105）中的掩模选项编程链路，同时保持来自电子设备（207）的编程偏置的电隔离。 掩模选项编程链接在第一层中具有第一（212）和第二（213）编程接触端子的第一导体（211）。 确定电子设备（207）的默认操作条件的第二导体（210）驻留在与第一层电隔离的第二层中。 当对第一导体（211）的编程端子施加足够的编程偏置时，由第一导体消耗的能量消除了第二导体（210）与电子装置（207）的耦合，改变其默认操作条件。
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5.发明授权Digital pixel image sensor with independent color channel reference signals 有权具有独立色彩通道参考信号的数字像素图像传感器公开(公告)号：US06704046B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-09
申请号：US10124381
申请日：2002-04-17
申请人： Robert Dyas , Francisco Castro , Austin Harton , Barry Herold
发明人： Robert Dyas , Francisco Castro , Austin Harton , Barry Herold
IPC分类号： H04N973
CPC分类号： H04N5/37455 , H04N5/3537 , H04N9/045 , H04N9/735
摘要： A pixel image sensor having an array of pixel elements arranged in a color mosaic pattern, each pixel element being responsive to light of a particular color. Each pixel element is supplied with a reference voltage signal corresponding to the color of light to which the pixel element is responsive. The reference voltage signal determined the sensitivity of the pixel element. The white balance of the image sensor is adjusted by varying independently the reference voltage signals for each color. The color mosaic pattern of the array may include a pixel element responsive to white light. The output from the white pixel sensors may be used to adjust the color constancy of the image sensor. The image array reduces the need for post-capture processing of the image for white balancing, by incorporating the white balance operation into the capture process.
摘要翻译： 一种像素图像传感器，具有以彩色马赛克图案排列的像素元件的阵列，每个像素元件响应特定颜色的光。 每个像素元件被提供有对应于像素元件响应的光的颜色的参考电压信号。 参考电压信号确定像素元件的灵敏度。 通过独立地改变每种颜色的参考电压信号来调整图像传感器的白平衡。 阵列的彩色马赛克图案可以包括响应于白光的像素元件。 来自白色像素传感器的输出可以用于调整图像传感器的颜色恒定性。 通过将白平衡操作结合到捕获过程中，图像阵列减少了用于白平衡的图像的后捕获处理的需要。
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公开(公告)号：US5825213A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US766953
申请日：1996-12-16
CPC分类号： H03L7/183
摘要： A method and apparatus for frequency synthesis replaces a conventional divide-by-N counter with a low-power binary ripple counter (108). The method and apparatus employs a difference comparison scheme (114) that provides arbitrarily precise channel spacing, and allows loop sample rate to be selected independent of channel spacing.
摘要翻译： 一种用于频率合成的方法和装置用一个低功率二进制纹波计数器（108）代替常规的除N计数器。 该方法和装置采用提供任意精确的信道间隔的差分比较方案（114），并且允许独立于信道间隔选择环路采样率。
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公开(公告)号：US5612614A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-18
申请号：US539388
申请日：1995-10-05
CPC分类号： G05F3/262
摘要： A current mirror (100) has an input stage (104) and an output stage (106), both preferably employing FET's. (Field Effect Transistors) An amplifier (102) equalizes drain-to-source voltages between FET's in the input and output stages to provide a higher output impedance. A resistance (R1), coupled in series with an FET in the output stage (106), provides degenerative feedback. A reference current generator (400) is constructed of two such current mirrors, one being the compliment of the other, to provide one or more stable reference currents. Loop gain of the reference current generator (400) is greater than one at start-up, but degenerative feedback reduces the loop gain to one at a predetermined stable operating point.
摘要翻译： 电流镜（100）具有输入级（104）和输出级（106），均优选采用FET。 （场效应晶体管）放大器（102）使输入和输出级之间的FET的漏极 - 源极电压相等，以提供更高的输出阻抗。 与输出级（106）中的FET串联耦合的电阻（R1）提供退化反馈。 参考电流发生器（400）由两个这样的电流镜构成，一个是另一个的补偿，以提供一个或多个稳定的参考电流。 参考电流发生器（400）的环路增益在启动时大于1，但退化反馈将环路增益在预定的稳定工作点降低到一个。
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公开(公告)号：US5483687A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-09
申请号：US149592
申请日：1993-11-10
摘要： A voltage track and hold circuit operates to track a tuning voltage and holding the tuning voltage (404) as a reference voltage (408). In the track mode, the track and hold circuit includes a first operational transconductance amplifier (401) and a first charge storage device (402) coupled to a first input (403) of the first operational transconductance amplifier (401). The first charge storage device (402) accumulates a charge that corresponds with the tuning voltage (404). A second charge storage device (405) is coupled to a second input (406) and an output (407) of the first operational transconductance amplifier (401). The second charge storage device (405) accumulates a reference charge such that the reference voltage (408) present at the second charge storage device (405) is substantially equivalent to the tuning voltage (404).
摘要翻译： 电压跟踪和保持电路用于跟踪调谐电压并保持调谐电压（404）作为参考电压（408）。 在轨道模式中，轨道和保持电路包括耦合到第一运算跨导放大器（401）的第一输入（403）的第一运算跨导放大器（401）和第一电荷存储装置（402）。 第一电荷存储装置（402）累积与调谐电压对应的电荷（404）。 第二电荷存储装置（405）耦合到第一运算跨导放大器（401）的第二输入端（406）和输出端（407）。 第二电荷存储装置（405）累积参考电荷，使得存在于第二电荷存储装置（405）处的参考电压（408）基本上等于调谐电压（404）。
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