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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5833756A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US705060
申请日：1996-08-29
申请人： Franz-Hubert Haegel , Wolfgang Clemens , Milan Schwuger , Carl-Johannes Soeder , Katrin Stickdorn , Leslie Webb
发明人： Franz-Hubert Haegel , Wolfgang Clemens , Milan Schwuger , Carl-Johannes Soeder , Katrin Stickdorn , Leslie Webb
CPC分类号： C02F1/26 , B01D11/028 , B01D11/0288 , B09C1/025
摘要： A process for decontaminating a solid material contaminated with an organic pollutant wherein the solid material contains grains with a particle size of up to 60 microns, which includes the steps of: (a) extracting the organic pollutant from the solid material containing grains with the particle size up to 60 microns by using a microemulsion which includes a thermodynamically stable, macroscopically homogeneous and optically transparent mixture of water, an apolar hydrophobic solvent, and a surfactant to form a cleaned solid material and a pollutant-containing microemulsion; (b) separating the cleaned solid material from the pollutant-containing microemulsion; and (c) splitting the pollutant-containing microemulsion into a surfactant-rich phase and a pollutant-containing phase.
摘要翻译： 一种净化被有机污染物污染的固体物质的方法，其中固体材料含有粒径达60微米的颗粒，其包括以下步骤：（a）从含有颗粒的固体物质中提取有机污染物 通过使用包括水，非极性疏水性溶剂和表面活性剂的热力学稳定的宏观均匀和光学透明的混合物的微乳液，形成清洁的固体材料和含污染物的微乳液; （b）将清洁的固体物质与含污染物的微乳液分离; 和（c）将含污染物的微乳液分解成富表面活性剂相和含污染物相。
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2.发明授权Portable reactor for carrying out gas-evolving biotechnological processes or gas consuming processes while maintaining a packed fixed-bed arrangement 失效便携式反应器，用于在保持包装的固定床装置的同时进行气体逸出的生物技术过程或燃气消耗过程
公开(公告)号：US5159694A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US553357
申请日：1990-07-18
摘要： The coalescence and release of bubbles from packing that supports the growth of microorganisms is promoted by mechanical action on the packed bed arrangement, in particular by continuous or intermittent vibrations, rotations, or by rocking motions. With particular advantage, a reactor vessel which is typically tubular is filled with packing upon which microbial growth is sustained, preferably leaving a free space of 10% to 35%, in particular 15% to 20%. The reactor vessel has an axis that is substantially horizontal but preferably inclined by at least about 3.degree., and is set continuously or intermittently, for example, by an axle drive or by means of friction wheel drive, into rotational or rocking motions about that axis. The gas can be discharged, for example, via valves and a cam mechanism. Alternatively, a vent pipe, taken through the hollow shaft on the discharge side and upwards, can be provided behind a screen plate. Pipes that are parallel to the axis and that have openings, which are protected by finlike rims with slots, feed liquid or gas to the biomass-containing system in the reaction vessel. In another embodiment, a vertical reactor is equipped with packing provided on vibrating plates which are set into vibration, preferably intermittently. For denitrification, a nitrate-nitrite degradation stage can be provided upstream of the reactor vessel.
摘要翻译： 通过对填充床布置的机械作用，特别是通过连续或间歇振动，旋转或摇摆运动，促进来自填充物的气泡的聚结和释放，其支持微生物的生长。 特别有利的是，典型地是管状的反应器容器填充有微生物生长持续的填充物，优选留下10％至35％，特别是15％至20％的自由空间。 反应堆容器具有基本上水平但优选地倾斜至少约3度的轴线，并且例如通过轴驱动或通过摩擦轮驱动连续地或间歇地设置成围绕该轴线的旋转或摇摆运动 。 气体可以例如通过阀和凸轮机构排出。 或者，可以在筛板后面设置通过排出侧的空心轴并向上的排气管。 平行于轴线并且具有开口的管道，其被具有槽的鳍状边缘保护，将液体或气体供给到反应容器中的含生物质的系统。 在另一个实施例中，垂直反应器配备有设置在振动板上的填料，优选间歇地设置在振动板上。 为了反硝化，可以在反应器容器的上游提供硝酸盐 - 亚硝酸盐降解阶段。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5019266A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-28
申请号：US174386
申请日：1988-03-28
CPC分类号： C02F3/302 , C02F3/006 , C02F3/301 , C02F2209/15 , C02F2209/22 , C02F2209/44 , Y02W10/15 , Y10S210/903
摘要： Aerobic purification of waste water with intermittent batchwise supply of waste water to the activated sludge tank from which the treated waste water drains continuously is disclosed, in which the nitrate content in the waste water is simultaneously reduced by throttling the aeration of the activated sludge tank, starting with the admission of the waste water to the tank, to values equivalent to less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l dissolved oxygen. In particular, aeration may be off until such time as the nitrate content in the tank has dropped below 5 mg/l, in particular below 1 mg/l. In the case of urban waste waters a cycle time of about 1 hour is expediently employed under these circumstances and the aeration is shut off for about 5 minutes, starting from the rapid admission of the waste water charge. Preferably, inlet charges are less than or equal to 30%, in particular between about 5% and 20%, of the tank capacity. In this procedure, nitrate present is degraded in the phase involving oxygen throttling, while in the subsequent phase (over longer times) ammonium fed in with the waste water supplied is converted into nitrate, provision being made for a sufficient population of nitrifying bacteria in the tank.
摘要翻译： 公开了对经过处理的废水连续排出的活性污泥槽间歇地间歇地供给废水的废水的有氧净化，其中通过节流活性污泥槽的通风同时降低废水中的硝酸盐含量， 从废水进入罐开始，达到相当于0.5mg / l溶解氧的值。 特别是，曝气可能会停止，直到罐中的硝酸盐含量降至5 mg / l以下，特别是低于1 mg / l。 在城市废水的情况下，在这种情况下方便地使用约1小时的循环时间，并且从快速进入废水装置开始，通风关闭约5分钟。 优选地，入口电荷小于或等于罐容量的30％，特别是约5％至20％。 在该方法中，存在的硝酸盐在涉及氧气节流的阶段中降解，而在随后的阶段（更长时间）中，供给的废水中的铵转化为硝酸盐，为了足够的硝化细菌群体提供 坦克。
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4.发明授权Method and arrangement for optimally supplying autotrophic organisms with CO.sub.2 nutrient 失效用于最佳供应自养生物与CO（HD 2 {B营养素）的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4084346A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-18
申请号：US749893
申请日：1976-12-13
摘要： A method is provided for optimally supplying autotrophic organisms with CO.sub.2 nutrient, the requirement for the nutrient fluctuating in dependence on growth and thus on the incident light, temperature and the density of the organisms. The pH in a culture channel containing the organisms is continuously measured and the introduction of CO.sub.2 into the culture channel is regulated in response to the measured pH. An arrangement is provided for practicing the method and comprises a channel in which a suspension of the organisms can be moved in one direction, at least one discharge means in the channel for introducing the CO.sub.2 gas into suspension, at least one control member connected to the discharge means for controlling the operation of the discharge means, at least one pH measuring means in the channel for immersion into the suspension, and a circuit connecting the pH measuring means and the control member to actuate the control member for introducing the CO.sub.2 in response to the pH measured by the pH measuring means.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于最佳地向自养生物提供CO 2营养的方法，其对营养物质的需求依赖于生长，因此依赖于入射光，温度和生物体的密度。 连续地测量含有生物体的培养通道中的pH，并且响应于测量的pH调节将CO 2引入培养通道中。 提供了一种用于实施该方法的装置，并且包括一个通道，其中生物体的悬浮液可以在一个方向上移动，至少一个用于将CO 2气体引入悬浮液的通道中的排出装置，至少一个控制构件 用于控制排出装置的操作的排出装置，用于浸入悬浮液的通道中的至少一个pH测量装置，以及连接pH测量装置和控制构件以驱动控制构件以引入CO 2以响应于 通过pH测量装置测量的pH。
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