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公开(公告)号：US4874213A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-17
申请号：US204379
申请日：1988-06-09
申请人： James J. Cowan
发明人： James J. Cowan
CPC分类号： G03H1/0248 , G02B5/1857 , G03H1/28 , G03H1/0244 , G03H1/0252 , G03H1/028 , G03H1/265 , G03H2001/0296 , G03H2001/0413 , G03H2001/0415 , G03H2001/2231 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2260/63
摘要： A hologram is fabricated by opening a volume phase reflection hologram formed in a recording medium such as a positive photoresist. The opening occurs by forming a second hologram, such as an off-axis hologram, in the same recording medium. The opening hologram can be replicated in metal and the metal can be used to emboss the fringe pattern of the opened hologram into plastic. A full range of colors in the visible spectrum may be obtained by metallizing the embossed plastic structure and then by overcoating it with appropriate clear dielectric layers.
摘要翻译： 通过打开形成在诸如正性光致抗蚀剂的记录介质中的体积相位反射全息图来制造全息图。 通过在相同的记录介质中形成诸如离轴全息图之类的第二全息图来进行开口。 打开的全息图可以用金属复制，并且金属可用于将打开的全息图的条纹图案压印成塑料。 可以通过对压花塑料结构进行金属化，然后通过用适当的透明电介质层进行涂覆来获得可见光谱中的全部颜色。
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公开(公告)号：US09158046B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-13
申请号：US13559927
申请日：2012-08-14
申请人： James J. Cowan
发明人： James J. Cowan
CPC分类号： G03H1/26 , G02B5/1814 , G02B5/1861 , G02B5/32 , G03H1/0244 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/04 , G03H1/0402 , G03H1/041 , G03H1/2205 , G03H1/2249 , G03H5/00 , G03H2001/0417 , G03H2001/0419 , G03H2001/0473 , G03H2001/2635 , G03H2210/63 , G03H2222/31 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2223/25
摘要： A surface relief structure includes a recording medium configured to be structurally modified when exposed to interfering and non-interfering portions of radiation beams, the structurally modified recording medium including, when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section along one of the axes of the recording medium a plurality of equally spaced steps of fine-sized periodicity superimposed upon a plurality of deep depressions of substantially coarse-sized periodicity. The structurally modified recording medium is configured to produce in reflection single and multiple colors in a broad spectral range when illuminated by a source of light.
摘要翻译： 表面浮雕结构包括记录介质，其构造成当暴露于辐射束的干涉和非干扰部分时被结构地修饰，所述结构上改进的记录介质在沿着 记录介质，叠加在基本上粗大的周期性的多个深凹陷上的多个等间隔的精细尺寸周期的步骤。 结构上改进的记录介质被配置为当被光源照射时在广谱光谱范围内产生反射单色和多种颜色。
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公开(公告)号：US20080309996A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-18
申请号：US12031381
申请日：2008-02-14
申请人： James J. Cowan
发明人： James J. Cowan
CPC分类号： G03H1/26 , G02B5/1814 , G02B5/1861 , G02B5/32 , G03H1/0244 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/04 , G03H1/0402 , G03H1/041 , G03H1/2205 , G03H1/2249 , G03H5/00 , G03H2001/0417 , G03H2001/0419 , G03H2001/0473 , G03H2001/2635 , G03H2210/63 , G03H2222/31 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2223/25
摘要： Disclosed is a surface relief structure. The structure includes a recording medium configured to be structurally modified when exposed to interfering and non-interfering portions of radiation beams, the structurally modified recording medium including, when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section along one of the axes of the recording medium a plurality of equally spaced steps of fine-sized periodicity superimposed upon a plurality of deep depressions of substantially coarse-sized periodicity. The structurally modified recording medium is configured to produce in reflection single and multiple colors in a broad spectral range when illuminated by a source of light.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种表面浮雕结构。 该结构包括被配置为当暴露于辐射束的干涉和非干扰部分时在结构上被修改的记录介质，该结构上改进的记录介质包括当沿着记录介质的一个轴的二维横截面观察时 多个相等间距的精细尺寸的步骤叠加在基本上粗大的周期性的多个深凹陷上。 结构上改进的记录介质被配置为当被光源照射时在广谱光谱范围内产生反射单色和多种颜色。
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公开(公告)号：US07262856B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-28
申请号：US11137701
申请日：2005-05-25
CPC分类号： G03H1/02 , G01N21/4788 , G01N21/7743 , G01N33/18 , G01N33/22 , G02B5/32 , G02F1/133553 , G02F1/216 , G03H1/0244 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/0256 , G03H1/0272 , G03H1/28 , G03H2223/17 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2223/19 , G03H2250/38 , G03H2270/24 , G03H2270/31
摘要： A microstructure-based chemical sensor that can be interrogated by a remote observer. The device acts as an electromagnetic wave filter in the optical region of the spectrum, filtering one or more wavelength bands where the band spectral notch location shifts in response to the accumulation of material on the surface of the microstructure sensor. The apparatus has a substrate having a surface relief structure containing dielectric bodies with one or more physical dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the filtered electromagnetic waves, such structures repeated in an array covering at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. A retro-reflecting structure allows interrogation of the sensor over a wide field of view. The device is particularly useful as a water monitoring device in hard to reach locations, and as a chemical warfare or explosives detector that can be read from a safe distance.
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公开(公告)号：US06791757B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-14
申请号：US10213583
申请日：2002-08-06
申请人： Douglas S. Hobbs , James J. Cowan
发明人： Douglas S. Hobbs , James J. Cowan
IPC分类号： G02B2700
CPC分类号： G02F1/133371 , G02F1/216 , G02F2203/34
摘要： An apparatus for filtering electromagnetic waves and sensing deposition of chemical species, the apparatus having a substrate having a surface relief structure containing at least one dielectric body with physical dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the filtered electromagnetic waves, such structures repeated in a two dimensional array covering at least a portion of the surface of the first substrate. The apparatus may include one, two, or more such arrays, spaced from one another to create one or more cavities between the arrays.
摘要翻译： 一种用于对电磁波进行滤波和感测化学物质沉积的装置，该装置具有一个具有表面浮雕结构的基片，该基片包含至少一个物理尺寸小于滤波电磁波的波长的电介质体，这种结构以二维阵列重复 覆盖第一基板的表面的至少一部分。 该装置可以包括一个，两个或更多个这样的阵列，彼此间隔开以在阵列之间产生一个或多个空腔。
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公开(公告)号：US06707518B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-16
申请号：US09615011
申请日：2000-07-12
申请人： James J. Cowan
发明人： James J. Cowan
IPC分类号： G02F11335
CPC分类号： G02F1/216 , G02F1/133371 , G02F2203/34
摘要： Surface textures embossed in a substrate such as plastic include surface depressions or cones having equally-spaced, reflective terraced steps to support coherent reflections of incident light. A desired color or bandwidth of coherent reflected light off the terraced steps is produced by adjusting the index of refraction of a material in communication with the terraced steps of the substrate. Preferably, the index of refraction of each zone of terraced steps is controlled based on an applied electric field. Accordingly, light reflected from a plurality of controlled zones can be used to produce an image for an observer.
摘要翻译： 在诸如塑料的基底中压花的表面纹理包括具有等间隔的反射台阶以支持入射光的相干反射的表面凹陷或锥体。 通过调节与衬底的梯形台阶连通的材料的折射率来产生离开台阶的相干反射光的期望的颜色或带宽。 优选地，基于施加的电场来控制梯形台阶的每个区域的折射率。 因此，可以使用从多个受控区域反射的光来产生用于观察者的图像。
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公开(公告)号：US4469407A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US346930
申请日：1982-02-08
申请人： James J. Cowan , Andrew B. Holland
发明人： James J. Cowan , Andrew B. Holland
CPC分类号： G02B27/58 , G02B27/0927 , G02B27/0988 , H01S3/005
摘要： A laser beam apodizing filter comprising a print-out silver image comprised of silver grains having a diameter of about 0.5 .mu.m or less, said image being proportional in density distribution to the intensity distribution of the laser beam cross-section. Also disclosed is a method for forming the filter and a laser diffraction imaging apparatus, for making diffraction gratings, which employs the filter.
摘要翻译： 一种激光束切割过滤器，包括由直径约0.5μm或更小的银颗粒构成的打印出的银图像，所述图像的密度分布与激光束横截面的强度分布成比例。 还公开了一种用于形成滤光器的方法和用于制造使用滤光器的衍射光栅的激光衍射成像装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4402571A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-06
申请号：US234959
申请日：1981-02-17
CPC分类号： G03F7/70408 , G02B5/1857 , G03F7/001 , G03F7/2006 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Surface relief patterns of predetermined configuration are fabricated by a process which involves exposing a photosensitive material at a first position to a laser interference pattern, rotating said material about an axis perpendicular to its surface to a second position, exposing said material at said second position to a laser interference pattern, wherein at least one and preferably both of said exposures is individually below the effective threshold for linear response of said material, the points of intersection of the two fringe patterns being exposed above said threshold as a result of the combined exposures, and developing said material. The method provides a facile technique for the manufacture of surface relief patterns and is particularly useful when the pattern is of submicrometer size and difficult to manufacture by mechanical means.
摘要翻译： 通过包括将第一位置处的感光材料暴露于激光干涉图案的方法制造出预定结构的表面浮雕图案，将所述材料围绕其表面垂直的轴线旋转到第二位置，将所述材料在所述第二位置将所述材料暴露于 激光干涉图案，其中至少一个且优选两个所述曝光单独低于所述材料的线性响应的有效阈值，作为组合曝光的结果，两条边缘图案的交点相互暴露在所述阈值之上， 并开发所述材料。 该方法提供了用于制造表面浮雕图案的简便技术，并且当图案具有亚微米尺寸并且难以通过机械方法制造时特别有用。
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公开(公告)号：US06870624B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-22
申请号：US10001069
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： Douglas S. Hobbs , James J. Cowan
发明人： Douglas S. Hobbs , James J. Cowan
摘要： An apparatus for filtering electromagnetic waves, the apparatus comprising a substrate having a surface relief structure containing at least one dielectric body with physical dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the filtered electromagnetic waves, such structures repeated in a two dimensional array covering at least a portion of the surface of the first substrate. Also disclosed is a material sensor utilizing this apparatus.
摘要翻译： 一种用于对电磁波进行滤波的装置，该装置包括具有包含至少一个物理尺寸小于滤波电磁波的波长的至少一个介电体的表面浮雕结构的基板，这种结构以覆盖至少一部分 第一基板的表面。 还公开了利用该装置的材料传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US20120300272A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-29
申请号：US13559927
申请日：2012-08-14
申请人： James J. COWAN
发明人： James J. COWAN
CPC分类号： G03H1/26 , G02B5/1814 , G02B5/1861 , G02B5/32 , G03H1/0244 , G03H1/0248 , G03H1/04 , G03H1/0402 , G03H1/041 , G03H1/2205 , G03H1/2249 , G03H5/00 , G03H2001/0417 , G03H2001/0419 , G03H2001/0473 , G03H2001/2635 , G03H2210/63 , G03H2222/31 , G03H2223/18 , G03H2223/25
摘要： Disclosed is a surface relief structure. The structure includes a recording medium configured to be structurally modified when exposed to interfering and non-interfering portions of radiation beams, the structurally modified recording medium including, when viewed in a two-dimensional cross-section along one of the axes of the recording medium a plurality of equally spaced steps of fine-sized periodicity superimposed upon a plurality of deep depressions of substantially coarse-sized periodicity. The structurally modified recording medium is configured to produce in reflection single and multiple colors in a broad spectral range when illuminated by a source of light.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种表面浮雕结构。 该结构包括被配置为当暴露于辐射束的干涉和非干扰部分时在结构上被修改的记录介质，该结构上改进的记录介质包括当沿着记录介质的一个轴的二维横截面观察时 多个相等间距的精细尺寸的步骤叠加在基本上粗大的周期性的多个深凹陷上。 结构上改进的记录介质被配置为当被光源照射时在广谱光谱范围内产生反射单色和多种颜色。
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