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公开(公告)号：US4270025A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-26
申请号：US28406
申请日：1979-04-09
CPC分类号： G10L21/00
摘要： A sampled speech compression and expansion system, for two-dimensional prssing of speech or other type of audio signal, comprises transmit/encode apparatus and receive/decode apparatus.The transmit/encode apparatus comprises a low-pass filter, adapted to receive an input signal, for passing through low-frequency analog signals. A converter is connected to the low-pass filter for converting the analog signal into a digital signal. A buffer memory, whose input is connected to the converting means, stores the digitized signals.A correlator, having inputs from the A/D converter and the buffer memory, correlates the digital signal received directly from the converter with a delayed signal from the buffer memory. An "interval-select" circuit, whose input is connected to the output of the correlator, uses the autocorrelation value as a basis for comparison with subsequent peaks in the correlation value which are greater than a specified fraction of the autocorrelation value. The interval-select circuit has an output which is connected to the buffer memory, the value of the fractional peaks and their timing being stored in the buffer memory.A transform circuit, whose input is connected to the buffer memory, performs an even discrete cosine transform (EDCT) of the stored signal. A first modulator, whose input is connected to the output of the EDCT means, differentially pulse code modulates (DPCM) its input signal. A second modulator, whose input is connected to the output of the interval select circuit, differentially pulse code modulates its input signal. A multiplexer, having an input connected to the output of the first and second modulating means, combines the two differentially pulse code modulated signals. A receiver/decoder has circuits which perform an inverse function to those of the transmitter/coder and are arranged in inverse order, from input to output, to those of the transmitter/coder.
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公开(公告)号：US5191342A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-02
申请号：US292767
申请日：1981-08-06
申请人： James M. Alsup , Edward C. Jelks
发明人： James M. Alsup , Edward C. Jelks
IPC分类号： G01S5/12
CPC分类号： G01S5/12
摘要： An apparatus determines the location of a signal source having coordinatesx,y). The source may be located as far away as two thousand km and does not require knowledge of ionospheric height or layer structure. The apparatus comprises at least three receivers adapted to receive the signals from the signal source. The coordinates, (x.sub.1,y.sub.1), (x.sub.2,y.sub.2) and (x.sub.3,y.sub.3), of each of the receivers are very precisely known. One receiver is capable of receiving signals from the other two receivers through different means (e.g. a wide-band telephone link). A plurality of at least three timers, one connected to each receiver, measures precisely the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the signals from the signal source. A plurality of at least three means, connected one to each of the receiving means, determine the vertical angles .phi. at which the signal from the signal source is received by each of the receivers. More precisely, each receiver is in reality a phased array of individual antenna elements whose joint output can be used to measure both vertical angle and azimuth. Means are provided for calculating the coordinates (x,y) of the signal source from the measured vertical angles and the time differences of arrival.
摘要翻译： 装置确定具有坐标（x，y）的信号源的位置。 源可能位于距离两千公里的地方，不需要知道电离层高度或层结构。 该装置包括适于从信号源接收信号的至少三个接收器。 每个接收机的坐标（x1，y1），（x2，y2）和（x3，y3）是非常精确的。 一个接收机能够通过不同的装置（例如宽带电话链路）从其他两个接收机接收信号。 连接到每个接收器的多个至少三个定时器精确地测量来自信号源的信号的到达时间差（TDOA）。 连接到每个接收装置的至少三个装置确定了每个接收机接收来自信号源的信号的垂直角度phi。 更准确地说，每个接收机实际上是单独天线元件的相控阵列，其联合输出可用于测量垂直角和方位角。 提供了用于从测量的垂直角度和到达时间差计算信号源的坐标（x，y）的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4267580A
公开(公告)日：1981-05-12
申请号：US1516
申请日：1979-01-08
CPC分类号： G06G7/1907
摘要： A charge-coupled device (CCD) analog and digital correlator comprises identical modules, each of which is a simple analog CCD correlator with digital input and output. Circuits are included:(1) for injecting charges proportional to the voltage sequences s(n) and r(n), where s(n) refers to the input signal, and r(n) relates to a reference signal, against which the input signal is correlated;(2) for non-destructively sensing and tapping each sample s(n) and r(n);(3) for forming the summation s(n)+r(n);(4) and finally for squaring s(n), r(n), and [s(n)+r(n)] in simple, floating gate MOSFET amplifiers. The amplifiers operate in their saturation region, and have outputs proportional to s.sup.2 (n), r.sup.2 (n), and [s(n)+r(n)].sup.2, which are then fed into a differential amplifier to produce s(n)r(n).
摘要翻译： 电荷耦合器件（CCD）模拟和数字相关器包括相同的模块，每个模块是具有数字输入和输出的简单模拟CCD相关器。 电路包括：（1）用于注入与电压序列s（n）和r（n）成比例的电荷，其中s（n）表示输入信号，r（n）与参考信号有关， 输入信号相关; （2）用于对每个样本s（n）和r（n）进行非破坏性检测和抽样; （3）用于形成求和s（n）+ r（n）; （4），最后在简单的浮栅MOSFET放大器中平方s（n），r（n）和[s（n）+ r（n）]。 放大器在饱和区域工作，并且具有与s2（n），r2（n）和[s（n）+ r（n）] 2成比例的输出，然后将其馈送到差分放大器以产生s ）r（n）。
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公开(公告)号：US4099148A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US793218
申请日：1977-05-02
CPC分类号： H03B5/326
摘要： A frequency synthesizer, for use with a means for generating two sequences of electrical pulses, one sequence having a delay with respect to the other, comprises a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, adapted to receive one of the sequences of electrical pulses from the generating means. The SAW device comprises a substrate, on the surface of which is disposed a first set of interdigitated electrodes. The electrodes receive the electrical pulses and tranduce them to acoustic waves, which traverse the surface of the substrate. The lengths of the electrodes are configured as a function of m, where m is defined by the relation m = R.sup.n mod P, where P is a prime number, R is a primitive root of P, and 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.P-1. A second set of interdigitated electrodes, approximately N-1 in number, is also disposed on the surface of the substrate, the electrodes of the first and second sets being parallel. The second set of electrodes is so disposed as to receive the acoustic waves generated by the first set of electrodes, and transduce them back to electrical signals, which are conducted on a set of leads connected to the electrodes. Means, adapted to receive pulses from the electrical pulse generating means, selectively receives the electrical signals from the second set of electrodes. The receiving means has as an output a signal whose frequency is determined by the order in which the signals are received from the second set of electrodes.
摘要翻译： 一种与用于产生两个电脉冲序列的装置一起使用的频率合成器，具有相对于另一个的延迟的一个序列包括声表面波（SAW）装置，适用于接收来自所述电脉冲的电脉冲序列之一 生成手段。 SAW器件包括衬底，衬底的表面设置有第一组交叉电极。 电极接收电脉冲并将其转换成穿过衬底表面的声波。 电极的长度被配置为m的函数，其中m由关系m = Rn mod P定义，其中P是素数，R是P的原始根，并且1
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5.发明授权Power-efficient sonar system employing a waveform and processing method for improved range resolution at high doppler sensitivity 失效使用波形的功率高效声纳系统和用于在高多普勒灵敏度下提高范围分辨率的处理方法公开(公告)号：US06466515B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US10014126
申请日：2001-10-26
IPC分类号： G01S1504
CPC分类号： G01S15/582 , G01S15/102 , G01S15/104 , G01S15/584
摘要： A sonar system that includes a new comb-like waveform constructed by modulating the tines of a comb spectrum according to a set of Hermite functions defining a Hermite Function Space (HFS), and a processing method that reduces the sidelobes of the ambiguity function associated with the normally-processed HFS comb waveform. Noise-limited performance remains high, because the waveform is designed to be power-efficient; range ambiguity is superior to the highly-rated sinusoidal frequency-modulation (SFM) waveform; and reverberation-limited performance is equal to or better than that offered by any other waveform designed for this purpose. The full Doppler sensitivity normally associated with pulsed CW can be realized by the application to HFS signals of the constrained, regularized deconvolution method of this invention. The deconvolutionally-processed Hermite-function comb waveform offers better reverberation-limited performance than does the triplet-pair comb waveform or any of its predecessors, while maintaining a noise-limited performance equal to the best of these.
摘要翻译： 包括通过根据定义Hermite功能空间（HFS）的Hermite函数的集合来调制梳状谱的尖峰构成的新的梳状波形的声纳系统，以及减少与...相关联的模糊函数的旁瓣的处理方法 经常处理的HFS梳状波形。 噪声限制性能仍然很高，因为波形被设计为功率高效; 范围模糊度优于高额定正弦频率调制（SFM）波形; 并且混响限制性能等于或优于为此目的设计的任何其他波形提供的性能。 通常与脉冲CW相关联的完全多普勒灵敏度可以通过应用于本发明的约束正则化去卷积方法的HFS信号来实现。 去卷积处理的赫米特函数梳状波形比三线态梳状波形或其任何前置器件具有更好的混响限制性能，同时保持噪声受限性能等于其中最好的性能。
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6.发明授权Sonar system and method employing a power-efficient triplet-pair comb waveform 失效Sonar系统和方法采用功率高效的三线对梳状波形公开(公告)号：US06349073B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-19
申请号：US09745610
申请日：2000-12-22
申请人： James M. Alsup
发明人： James M. Alsup
IPC分类号： G01S1504
CPC分类号： G01S15/06 , G01S15/102 , G01S15/58
摘要： An active sonar system with improved noise-limited performance in littoral regions with reverberation. This invention solves the active sonar comb-waveform power-limitation problem by introducing for the first time a system employing a new comb waveform herein denominated the triplet-pair comb waveform. Ambient noise-limited performance of the system of this invention is superior to that of systems employing other Doppler-sensitive waveforms such as the geometric comb waveform. Reverberation-limited performance of the system of this invention is slightly inferior to that of systems employing other Doppler-sensitive waveforms but this invention eliminates much of the range ambiguity problems seen with other non-comb waveforms.
摘要翻译： 一个主动声纳系统，在具有混响的沿岸地区具有改进的噪声限制性能。 本发明首次通过引入采用本发明的新的梳状波形的系统来指定三重对梳状波形来解决主动声纳梳状波形功率限制问题。 本发明的系统的环境噪声限制性能优于采用其他多普勒敏感波形的系统，如几何梳形波形。 本发明的系统的混响受限的性能略低于采用其他多普勒敏感波形的系统的混响，但是本发明消除了与其他非梳状波形相关的许多范围模糊问题。
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公开(公告)号：US6130857A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US795481
申请日：1985-03-15
CPC分类号： G01S15/52 , H04L25/03993
摘要： A system is presented for enhancing sonar signals wherein Doppler echoes eived in the time domain from a sonar system are processed by digitizing, shifting to baseband, Fourier transforming to the frequency domain, applying a frequency stretching algorithm designed to expand low Doppler signals, retransforming the signal back to the time domain, reshifting from baseband to original center frequency, converting to analog and outputting the resultant enhanced Doppler time domain signals to either earphones of a sonar operator for audio monitoring or for further processing for visual display.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于增强声纳信号的系统，其中从声纳系统在时域中接收的多普勒回波通过数字化，向基带转移到傅里叶变换到频域，应用设计用于扩展低多普勒信号的频率拉伸算法，重新形成 信号回到时域，从基带转换到原始中心频率，转换成模拟并将所得到的增强多普勒时域信号输出到用于音频监视的声纳操作者的耳机或用于视觉显示的进一步处理。
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公开(公告)号：US4329651A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-11
申请号：US138640
申请日：1980-04-09
申请人： James M. Alsup
发明人： James M. Alsup
CPC分类号： H03B21/02 , G06G7/1921
摘要： A discrete chirp generator produces discrete chirp signals which correspondo either of two exponential functions, namely the functions exp [j.pi.(m.sup.2 +.alpha.)/N] or exp (j.pi.[m(m+.beta.)+.alpha.]/N), where m=0, 1, 2, . . . , M. Typically, M and N might both have the value 256.Similarly, a discrete chirp filter is described by its impulse response which has one of these same two functional forms.These two new components (discrete chirp generator and discrete chirp filter) can be used to implement(a) an improved type of frequency synthesizer, and(b) an improved type of discrete Fourier transformer.In the former, a single generator is used in conjunction with delay, conjugation, multiplication, and low-pass filter components to achieve an improved synthesizer. In the latter, either of the two discrete chirp function generators is combined with an input signal g.sub.n in a multiplier. The output of the multiplier is fed into the input of a filter which is configured in a manner similar to the same chirp function as the chirp generator, except that the exponential has the opposite sign in the filter from the sign of the chirp function generator. The output of the filter is combined in a multiplier with a similar chirp function, to result in a complex output signal G.sub.m which represents the discrete Fourier transform of the input signal g.sub.n.
摘要翻译： 离散啁啾发生器产生对应于两个指数函数中的任一个的离散啁啾信号，即函数exp [j pi（m2 +α）/ N]或exp（j pi [m（m +β）+α/ N）），其中 m = 0,1,2。 。 。 通常，M和N可能都具有值256.类似地，通过其脉冲响应来描述离散啁啾滤波器，其脉冲响应具有这两个相同的两个功能形式之一。 这两个新组件（离散啁啾发生器和离散啁啾滤波器）可用于实现（a）改进型频率合成器，（b）改进型离散傅立叶变换器。 在前者中，单个发生器与延迟，共轭，乘法和低通滤波器组件结合使用以实现改进的合成器。 在后者中，两个离散啁啾函数发生器中的任一个与乘法器中的输入信号gn组合。 乘法器的输出被馈送到滤波器的输入端，该滤波器的输入以与线性调频发生器相同的啁啾函数的方式被配置，除了指数与滤波器中的与啁啾函数发生器的符号相反的符号之外。 滤波器的输出在具有类似啁啾函数的乘法器中组合，以产生表示输入信号gn的离散傅里叶变换的复数输出信号Gm。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4152772A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-01
申请号：US752641
申请日：1976-12-20
申请人： Jeffrey M. Speiser , James M. Alsup
发明人： Jeffrey M. Speiser , James M. Alsup
CPC分类号： G06G7/1921 , G06G7/195 , G06G7/22 , G06J1/005 , H03H17/0211
摘要： Apparatus for performing a discrete cosine transform of an input signal, table for real-time television image processing, specifically for obtaining an acceptable picture when the number of bits of information available for describing the picture and/or the channel bandwidth are severely limited, comprising: two read-only memories, each containing a predetermined number of +1's and -1's arranged in a predetermined manner; two multipliers, each having an input from one of the read-only memories, and another, joint, input connectable to the input signal which is to be transformed discretely and cosinusoidally; two transversal filters, each having N taps, rather than twice the number (2N-1) of taps in the prior art discrete cosine filters, the input to each filter being the output of one of the multipliers; and a single-pole double-throw switch, which switches position at every shift of the samples through the filter, the output of the transform apparatus being connected to the switch arm, each of the free terminals of the switch being connected to the output of one of the transversal filters.
摘要翻译： 用于执行适合于实时电视图像处理的输入信号的离散余弦变换的装置，具体用于当可用于描述图像和/或信道带宽的信息的比特数被严格限制时获得可接受的图像，包括 ：两个只读存储器，每个存储器以预定方式排列预定数量的+ 1和-1; 两个乘法器，每个乘法器具有来自只读存储器中的一个的输入，以及可连接到将被离散地和同构地变换的输入信号的另一个联合输入; 两个横向滤波器，每个滤波器具有N个抽头，而不是现有技术的离散余弦滤波器中的抽头数（2N-1）的两倍，每个滤波器的输入是乘法器之一的输出; 和单刀双掷开关，其通过过滤器在样品的每次移动时切换位置，变换装置的输出连接到开关臂，开关的每个自由端连接到 一个横向滤波器。
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公开(公告)号：US4100498A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-11
申请号：US807863
申请日：1977-06-20
CPC分类号： H03B5/326 , H03B21/02 , H03B2200/0056 , H03B2200/0072
摘要： An automatic frequency-hop controller for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) shesizer is used with a means for generating two chirp signals, one having a delay with respect to the other. It comprises a SAW device, adapted to receive the chirp signals. The SAW device comprises a substrate and a pair of sets of interdigitated electrodes, disposed on the surface of the substrate, one set at each end, the electrodes receiving the electrical chirp signals or corresponding impulse signals. Another set of interdigitated electrodes, which are output electrodes, are also disposed on the surface of the substrate, the electrodes of all sets being parallel. The output set of electrodes are so disposed as to receive the acoustic waves generated by the pair of sets of electrodes, and transduce them back to electrical signals. For the case when quadrature summation is performed by offset acoustic delays on the substrate, the pair of sets of electrodes and the output set of electrodes are so disposed with respect to each other that the signal received from the top parts of the output set of electrodes has a phase shift of 90.degree., at a frequency f.sub.c, with respect to the phase shift of the signal received from the bottom parts of the output electrodes.The controller further comprises means connected to the output set of electrodes, which selectively controls/mixes the transmission of the electrical signals received from the output set of electrodes. The controlling/mixing means has the capability of transmitting signals from the output set in any sequence, the frequency of the output signal being determined by the particular signal path which is activated.Another embodiment of the invention includes the means for generating the two chirp signals.
摘要翻译： 用于表面声波（SAW）合成器的自动频率跳频控制器用于产生两个啁啾信号的装置，一个具有相对于另一个的延迟。 它包括一个适用于接收啁啾信号的SAW器件。 SAW器件包括衬底和一组交叉电极，设置在衬底的表面上，每一端设置一组，电极接收电线性调频脉冲信号或相应的脉冲信号。 作为输出电极的另一组交叉电极也设置在基板的表面上，所有组的电极是平行的。 电极的输出组被设置为接收由一组电极产生的声波，并将它们转换回电信号。 对于通过衬底上的偏移声学延迟执行正交求和的情况，电极组和电极组的输出组相对于彼此设置为从输出电极组的顶部接收的信号 相对于从输出电极的底部接收的信号的相移，以相对于频率fc为90°的相移。
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