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公开(公告)号：US08681035B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-25
申请号：US11148079
申请日：2005-06-08
CPC分类号： H01Q1/2216 , G01S13/887 , G01S13/89 , G01V8/005 , H01Q1/22 , H01Q21/065
摘要： A microwave imaging system uses microwave radiation provided by a microwave source to image targets. The system includes an array of antenna elements that are capable of being programmed with a respective direction coefficient to direct the microwave illumination from the microwave source toward a position on the target. The antenna elements are further capable of being programmed to receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the position on the target. A processor is operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image of the target. Multiple beams can be directed towards the target to obtain corresponding pixel values for use by the processor in constructing the image.
摘要翻译： 微波成像系统使用由微波源提供的微波辐射来对目标进行成像。 该系统包括天线元件阵列，其能够用相应的方向系数进行编程，以将来自微波源的微波照明引导到目标上的位置。 天线元件还能够被编程以接收从目标上的位置反射的反射的微波照明。 处理器可操作以测量反射的微波照明的强度以确定目标图像内的像素的值。 多个光束可以被引向目标以获得对应的像素值，供处理器在构建图像时使用。
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2.发明授权System and method for determining the bearing of a source location from a receiver location 失效用于从接收器位置确定源位置的方位的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US07538727B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-26
申请号：US11264264
申请日：2005-10-31
摘要： The system comprises a first beatable signal source, a second beatable signal source, a phase reference signal source and a receiver. The first beatable signal source and the second beatable signal source are located at the source location; the receiver is located at the receiver location. The phase reference signal source is operable to generate a phase reference signal. The first beatable signal source is operable to transmit a first beatable signal. The second beatable signal source is spatially offset from the first beatable signal source in a reference direction, and is operable to transmit a second beatable signal differing in frequency from the first beatable signal by a frequency difference. The first beatable signal and the second beatable signal collectively have a phase relationship with the phase reference signal. The receiver is structured to receive the first beatable signal and the second beatable signal and is operable to determine a direction angle, relative to the reference direction, of the source location from the receiver location. The receiver performs operations that comprise measuring a phase difference between a beat signal and either the phase reference signal or an additional beat signal, and determining the direction angle from the measured phase difference. The beat signal obtained by a process involving summing the first beatable signal and the second beatable signal. The additional beat signal is obtained by a process involving summing the first beatable signal and the phase reference signal. The bearing can be determined from the direction angle.
摘要翻译： 该系统包括第一可跳动信号源，第二可跳动信号源，相位参考信号源和接收器。 第一可匹配信号源和第二可匹配信号源位于源位置; 接收器位于接收器位置。 相位参考信号源可操作以产生相位参考信号。 第一可匹配信号源可操作以传送第一可捕获信号。 第二可匹配信号源在参考方向上与第一可捕获信号源在空间上偏移，并且可操作以将频率与第一可跳动信号不同的第二可播放信号传输频率差。 第一可跳动信号和第二可跳动信号共同地与相位参考信号相位关系。 接收器被构造成接收第一可捕获信号和第二可捕获信号，并且可操作以从源接收器位置确定源位置相对于参考方向的方向角度。 接收机执行包括测量拍频信号与相位参考信号或附加拍子信号之间的相位差的操作，以及根据测得的相位差确定方向角。 通过涉及将第一可拍信号和第二可拍信号相加的处理获得的拍频信号。 通过涉及对第一可匹配信号和相位参考信号求和的处理获得附加的拍频信号。 轴承可以从方向角度确定。
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公开(公告)号：US07224314B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-29
申请号：US10997422
申请日：2004-11-24
IPC分类号： H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H05K1/16 , H01Q3/46 , H01Q15/148 , H01Q19/10 , H01Q21/0018 , H01Q23/00 , H05K1/181 , H05K3/429 , H05K2201/0949 , H05K2201/10166
摘要： A reflectarray utilizes switching devices with non-ideal impedance characteristics to vary the impedance of reflecting elements. The antennas of the reflecting elements are configured as a function of the impedance of the non-ideal switching devices to provide optimal phase-amplitude performance. In particular, the antennas are configured such that the impedance of each antenna is proportional to the square root of the impedance of the non-ideal switching devices when in an on state and when in an off state.
摘要翻译： 反射阵列利用具有非理想阻抗特性的开关器件来改变反射元件的阻抗。 反射元件的天线被配置为非理想开关器件的阻抗的函数，以提供最佳的相位幅度性能。 特别地，天线被配置为使得当处于接通状态和处于断开状态时，每个天线的阻抗与非理想开关器件的阻抗的平方根成比例。
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4.发明申请Amplifier with variable impedance transformation and method of amplification using the same 有权具有可变阻抗变换的放大器和使用其的放大方法公开(公告)号：US20080055002A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-06
申请号：US11514148
申请日：2006-09-01
申请人： John Stephen Kofol
发明人： John Stephen Kofol
IPC分类号： H03G3/20
CPC分类号： H03G3/3036
摘要： A radio frequency (RF) amplifier includes an RF drive adjust circuit adapted to receive an input signal and adjust at least one of the amplitude and phase thereof to output a drive-adjusted input signal; a gain element adapted to amplify the drive-adjusted input signal and to output an amplified signal; and a dynamic impedance transformer adapted to receive the amplified signal, to output an output signal, and to transform a load impedance presented to the gain element by a load in accordance with a desired amplitude of an envelope of the output signal.
摘要翻译： 射频（RF）放大器包括适于接收输入信号并调整其幅度和相位中的至少一个的RF驱动调整电路，以输出驱动调整的输入信号; 增益元件，适于放大驱动调整的输入信号并输出放大的信号; 以及动态阻抗变换器，其适于接收放大的信号，输出输出信号，并且根据输出信号的包络的期望幅度，通过负载来变换呈现给增益元件的负载阻抗。
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5.发明授权System and method for microwave imaging using programmable transmission array 有权使用可编程传输阵列进行微波成像的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US07298318B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-20
申请号：US11147899
申请日：2005-06-08
IPC分类号： G01S13/00
CPC分类号： H01Q21/065 , G01S13/04 , G01S13/89 , G01V8/005 , H01Q3/26
摘要： A microwave imaging system uses microwave radiation provided by a microwave source to image targets. The system includes an array of antenna elements that are capable of being programmed with a respective transmission coefficient to direct the microwave illumination from the microwave source toward a position on the target. The antenna elements are further capable of being programmed with a respective additional transmission coefficient to receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the position on the target and direct the reflected microwave illumination towards a microwave receiver. A processor is operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image of the target. Multiple beams can be directed towards the target to obtain corresponding pixel values for use by the processor in constructing the image.
摘要翻译： 微波成像系统使用由微波源提供的微波辐射来对目标进行成像。 该系统包括天线元件阵列，其能够用相应的传输系数进行编程，以将来自微波源的微波照明引导到目标上的位置。 天线元件还能够用相应的附加传输系数进行编程，以接收从目标上的位置反射的反射的微波照射并将反射的微波照射引导到微波接收器。 处理器可操作以测量反射的微波照明的强度以确定目标图像内的像素的值。 多个光束可以被引向目标以获得对应的像素值，供处理器在构建图像时使用。
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公开(公告)号：US07738849B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-15
申请号：US11251270
申请日：2005-10-14
CPC分类号： H04B1/18 , H03F1/0205 , H03F1/0211 , H03F1/0261 , H03F1/32 , H03F2200/387
摘要： An apparatus and method for adapting a power amplifier to a variable load includes comparing the actual output power to the expected output power, modifying a drive signal to the power amplifier, measuring the value of at least one electrical parameter, determining the difference between the measured value and a predetermined value, and periodically adjusting the drive signal according to the difference. The parameters modified include, but are not limited to, the power delivered to the input of the power amplifier, the DC power supply voltage to any stage of the power amplifier, and the current setting bias values.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将功率放大器适配到可变负载的装置和方法包括将实际输出功率与预期输出功率进行比较，将驱动信号修改到功率放大器，测量至少一个电参数的值，确定测量的 值和预定值，并且根据差异周期性地调节驱动信号。 修改的参数包括但不限于输送到功率放大器的输入端的功率，功率放大器任何级的直流电源电压和当前设置偏置值。
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7.发明授权System and method for planarizing a substrate surface having a non-planar surface topography 有权用于平坦化具有非平面表面形貌的衬底表面的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US06949008B1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-27
申请号：US10967973
申请日：2004-10-19
IPC分类号： H01L21/00 , H01L21/3105
CPC分类号： H01L21/31053 , Y10S438/942
摘要： A method for planarizing a substrate surface having a non-planar surface topography comprises forming a material layer over the substrate, the material layer having a surface topography, determining the surface topography of the material layer, and forming a mask using information relating to the surface topography of the material layer. The mask defines portions of averaging regions of the material layer for selective removal to equalize the averaging regions in average height, the averaging regions having a maximum dimension. The material layer is etched using the mask, and a planarizing layer is formed over the substrate surface. The planarizing layer provides a low-pass lateral filtering effect characterized by a length greater than the maximum dimension of the averaging region. The mask is created by determining the localized height of the material layer across a surface and using the mask to etch away corresponding portions of the material layer so that the average surface of the material layer approximates a planar surface. The surface of the second material layer is substantially planar. The system and method for planarizing a material layer provides for forming a substantially planar layer of material over a non-planar topography.
摘要翻译： 用于平坦化具有非平面表面形貌的衬底表面的方法包括在衬底上形成材料层，材料层具有表面形貌，确定材料层的表面形貌，以及使用与表面相关的信息形成掩模 材料层的地形。 掩模定义材料层的平均区域的部分，用于选择性去除以平均平均高度的平均区域，平均区域具有最大尺寸。 使用掩模蚀刻材料层，并且在衬底表面上形成平坦化层。 平坦化层提供了一个特征在于长度大于平均区域的最大尺寸的低通横向滤波效应。 通过确定材料层跨越表面的局部高度并使用掩模蚀刻掉材料层的对应部分以使材料层的平均表面接近平坦表面来产生掩模。 第二材料层的表面基本上是平面的。 用于平坦化材料层的系统和方法提供了在非平面形貌上形成基本平坦的材料层。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07463092B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-09
申请号：US11514148
申请日：2006-09-01
申请人： John Stephen Kofol
发明人： John Stephen Kofol
IPC分类号： H03G3/20
CPC分类号： H03G3/3036
摘要： A radio frequency (RF) amplifier includes an RF drive adjust circuit adapted to receive an input signal and adjust at least one of the amplitude and phase thereof to output a drive-adjusted input signal; a gain element adapted to amplify the drive-adjusted input signal and to output an amplified signal; and a dynamic impedance transformer adapted to receive the amplified signal, to output an output signal, and to transform a load impedance presented to the gain element by a load in accordance with a desired amplitude of an envelope of the output signal.
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公开(公告)号：US06965340B1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-15
申请号：US10996764
申请日：2004-11-24
CPC分类号： H01Q1/2216 , G01S13/887 , G01S13/89 , G01V8/005 , H01Q1/22 , H01Q21/065
摘要： A security inspection system uses microwave radiation to image targets on a human subject or other item. The system includes an array of antenna elements that are programmable with a respective phase delay to direct a beam of microwave illumination toward a target on the human subject or item. The antenna elements are further capable of receiving reflected microwave illumination reflected from the target. A processor is operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a pixel within an image of the human subject or item. Multiple beams can be directed towards the human subject or item to obtain corresponding pixel values for use by the processor in constructing the image.
摘要翻译： 安全检查系统使用微波辐射来对人类对象或其他物品进行成像。 该系统包括天线元件的阵列，其可编程具有相应的相位延迟以将微波照射束引导到人类对象或物品上的目标。 天线元件还能够接收从目标反射的反射的微波照明。 处理器可操作以测量反射的微波照明的强度，以确定人物对象或物品的图像内的像素的值。 多个光束可以被引导到人类对象或物体，以获得处理器在构建图像时使用的相应像素值。
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