公开(公告)号：US4771168A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-13

申请号：US46405

申请日：1987-05-04

Applicant: Martin Gundersen ,  George Kirkman

Inventor： Martin Gundersen ,  George Kirkman

IPC: H01T2/00 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: H01T2/00

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein includes a low pressure, light initiated, glow discharge switch for high power application. The switch is comprised of an insulating envelope formed into a cylindrical shape having conductive plates at each end. Contained within the envelope is a cathode cup and an anode cup. Each of the cups has a plate at one end which defines two central apertures. The central apertures are positioned opposite one another a short distance apart and centrally axially aligned. A quartz window at the lower end of the cathode cup defines a visual opening to allow unfocused high energy electromagnetic radiation (UV light) to be shined upon the back side of the cathode plate. When UV light is presented to the back of the cathode plate, a photoemissive mechanism is initiated which causes an avalanche effect in the gas-filled chamber of the switch which leads to the discharge of current across the gap between the anode and cathode allowing the switch to close. A system includes the electronic switch is also disclosed which may be used to trigger a high energy flash lamp or excimer laser, as well as other high power applications. A system for controlling the flow of gas into the chamber defined by the envelope of the electronic switch is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 本文公开的发明包括用于高功率应用的低压，光引发的辉光放电开关。 开关由形成为圆柱形形状的绝缘外壳构成，每端具有导电板。 在封套内包含阴极杯和阳极杯。 每个杯子在一端具有限定两个中心孔的板。 中心孔彼此相对定位，距离相对较短，中心轴向对准。 阴极杯下端的石英窗界定了可视开口，以允许未聚焦的高能电磁辐射（UV光）照射在阴极板的背面。 当紫外光呈现在阴极板的背面时，启动光发射机制，其引起开关充气室中的雪崩效应，导致横跨阳极和阴极之间的间隙的电流放电，允许开关 关闭。 还公开了一种电子开关系统，其可用于触发高能量闪光灯或准分子激光器以及其他大功率应用。 还公开了一种用于控制由电子开关的封套限定的进入室的气体流量的系统。

公开(公告)号：US20070031959A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-08

申请号：US11279697

申请日：2006-04-13

Applicant: Andras Kuthi ,  Martin Gundersen

Inventor： Andras Kuthi ,  Martin Gundersen

IPC: C12M1/00

CPC classification number: H03K17/74 ,  C12M35/02 ,  H03K3/57 ,  H03K5/12

Abstract: A pulse generator circuit may include a diode configured to operate as an opening switch, a tank circuit in series with the diode having an admittance that is switchable from a first value to a second value that is different from the first value, and a switching system configured to cause the tank circuit to switch between the first value and the second value. The diode may saturate in less than 100 nanoseconds. A saturable core transformer may operate as a switch that controls the opening of the diode. The pulse generator may generate a plurality of pulses, each having a length of no more than 3 nanoseconds and an amplitude of at least 1 kilovolt. Electrodes may be connected to the pulse generator to deliver the plurality of pulses to biological cells.

Abstract translation: 脉冲发生器电路可以包括被配置为作为打开开关操作的二极管，与具有可从第一值切换到不同于第一值的第二值的导纳的二极管串联的储能电路，以及开关系统 被配置为使得所述储能电路在所述第一值和所述第二值之间切换。 二极管可能在小于100纳秒内饱和。 可饱和铁芯变压器可以作为控制二极管开路的开关来工作。 脉冲发生器可以产生多个脉冲，每个脉冲具有不超过3纳秒的长度和至少1千伏的振幅。 电极可以连接到脉冲发生器以将多个脉冲传送到生物细胞。

公开(公告)号：US20100116151A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

申请号：US12607844

申请日：2009-10-28

Applicant: Dan Singleton ,  Jason Sanders ,  Martin Gundersen

Inventor： Dan Singleton ,  Jason Sanders ,  Martin Gundersen

IPC: A23L3/32

CPC classification number: A23N1/006 ,  A23L2/50

Abstract: An apparatus for treating food must, such as grape must, may include a food must chamber configured to apply an electric pulse to the food must in a manner that causes an electric field to be generated within the food must. A pulse generator may be configured to deliver an electric pulse to the chamber that has a pulse width of between 10 and 100 nanoseconds. The chamber and the pulse generator may be configured such that they cause the electric field that is generated within the food must to be at least 1 kV/cm.

Abstract translation: 用于处理食物的装置，例如葡萄必须可以包括配置成以使得在食物内产生电场的方式向食物施加电脉冲的食物必须室。 脉冲发生器可以被配置为将脉冲宽度为10和100纳秒之间的电脉冲传送到腔室。 腔室和脉冲发生器可以被配置为使得它们使得在食物内产生的电场必须至少为1kV / cm。

公开(公告)号：US20120294993A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-22

申请号：US13565706

申请日：2012-08-02

Applicant: Dan Singleton ,  Jason Sanders ,  Martin Gundersen

Inventor： Dan Singleton ,  Jason Sanders ,  Martin Gundersen

IPC: C12G1/02

CPC classification number: A23N1/006 ,  A23L2/50

Abstract: An apparatus for treating food must, such as grape must, may include a food must chamber configured to apply an electric pulse to the food must in a manner that causes an electric field to be generated within the food must. A pulse generator may be configured to deliver an electric pulse to the chamber that has a pulse width of between 10 and 100 nanoseconds. The chamber and the pulse generator may be configured such that they cause the electric field that is generated within the food must to be at least 1 kV/cm.

Abstract translation: 用于处理食物的装置，例如葡萄必须可以包括配置成以使得在食物内产生电场的方式向食物施加电脉冲的食物必须室。 脉冲发生器可以被配置为将脉冲宽度为10和100纳秒之间的电脉冲传送到腔室。 腔室和脉冲发生器可以被配置为使得它们使得在食物内产生的电场必须至少为1kV / cm。

公开(公告)号：US20060062074A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-23

申请号：US11195135

申请日：2005-08-02

Applicant: Martin Gundersen ,  Cheryl Craft ,  Laura Marcu ,  P. Vernier ,  Aimin Li ,  Xuemei Zhu

Inventor： Martin Gundersen ,  Cheryl Craft ,  Laura Marcu ,  P. Vernier ,  Aimin Li ,  Xuemei Zhu

IPC: G11C8/02

CPC classification number: A61N1/327 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/417 ,  A61N1/306

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods in which an electric field pulse is applied to cells and tissue. Several embodiments of the present invention relate to the application of electric field pulses to cells to regulate the physiology and biophysical properties of various cell types, including terminally differentiated and rapidly dividing cells. Methods of regulating transcription of a gene in a cell, marking a cell for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, determining cellular tolerance to electroperturbation, selectively electroperturbing a population of cells, reducing proliferation of rapidly dividing cells in a patient, and facilitating entry of a diagnostic or therapeutic agent into a cell's intracellular structures are also provided.