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公开(公告)号：US5486734A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US382829
申请日：1996-02-03
CPC分类号： B06B1/0681
摘要： A transducer device includes delay sections for creating a phase differential of acoustic waves. The delay sections are spaced apart by sections having an absence of delay. In a preferred embodiment, the phase differential is 180.degree., so that constructive and destructive interference of pressure waves function occurs to reduce the ringdown time of the transducer device. In the preferred embodiment, the array of delay sections is at the back surface of a piezoelectric element. However, delay sections may be at the front, radiating surface of the piezoelectric element for control of the shape of emitted pulses. Vectorial summation of wave energy cancels unwanted energy that is present as a result of reverberations within the transducer device. Alternative delay structures or multiple delay sections can be used to control the transducer impulse response.
摘要翻译： 换能器装置包括用于产生声波相位差的延迟部分。 延迟部分由不存在延迟的部分隔开。 在优选实施例中，相位差为180°，从而发生压力波函数的建构性和相消干涉，以减少换能器装置的振铃时间。 在优选实施例中，延迟部分阵列位于压电元件的背面。 然而，延迟部分可以在压电元件的前面，辐射表面处，用于控制发射脉冲的形状。 波能量的矢量求和消除了由于换能器装置内的混响而存在的不需要的能量。 可以使用替代的延迟结构或多个延迟部分来控制换能器脉冲响应。
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公开(公告)号：US5553035A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-03
申请号：US327167
申请日：1994-10-21
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0622
摘要： A method of forming a transducer device having integral transducer and impedance matching portions includes forming grooves partially through a thickness of a piezoelectric member. A groove volume fraction at the impedance matching portion controls the electrical impedance. The impedance matching portion may be at either or both of the front and rear surfaces of the transducer portion, which generates acoustic wave energy in response to application of a drive signal. The drive signal is introduced by electrodes. In one embodiment, the electrode at the impedance matching portion extends into the grooves, but preferably a filler material is selected and deposited to allow use of a planar electrode. An alternative embodiment to fabricating the transducer device is to assemble piezoelectric material. For example, an integral transducer and impedance matching portions may be formed by using molding techniques or by stacking dimensionally different thin piezoelectric layers. The acoustic impedance of the matching layer can be varied spatially to provide apodization of a radiating aperture. Moreover, a graded impedance matching layer can be formed, resulting in a tapered variation in the acoustic impedance of the matching layer.
摘要翻译： 形成具有整体换能器和阻抗匹配部分的换能器装置的方法包括部分地通过压电元件的厚度形成凹槽。 阻抗匹配部分的槽体积分数控制电阻抗。 阻抗匹配部分可以在换能器部分的前表面和后表面中的一个或两个处，其响应于驱动信号的应用而产生声波能量。 驱动信号由电极引入。 在一个实施例中，阻抗匹配部分处的电极延伸到沟槽中，但是优选选择并沉积填充材料以允许使用平面电极。 制造换能器装置的替代实施例是组装压电材料。 例如，可以通过使用模制技术或通过堆叠尺寸不同的薄压电层来形成整体式换能器和阻抗匹配部分。 匹配层的声阻抗可以在空间上变化，以提供辐射孔的变迹。 此外，可以形成渐变阻抗匹配层，导致匹配层的声阻抗的锥形变化。
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公开(公告)号：US5485845A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US434616
申请日：1995-05-04
CPC分类号： A61B8/12 , A61B8/445 , A61B8/4461 , G01S15/74 , G01S15/874 , G01S15/8943 , A61B2090/3929 , G01S5/24
摘要： An ultrasound system and method for intravascular ultrasonic imaging includes an array of beacons that are fixed to direct ultrasonic energy toward an imaging transducer, with individual beacons being identifiable in order to determine the angular position of the imaging transducer. Based upon the data related to beacon identification, operation of the imaging device is adaptively adjusted in order to compensate for variations in angular velocity of the transducer. Adaptive compensation may be performed by adjusting the pulse repetition rate of transmitted ultrasonic energy, by adjusting the scan conversion algorithm or mapping reflected ultrasonic energy, or by varying control of the drive structure for rotating the transducer. The beacons are preferably piezoelectrically active, but passive beacons may also be used. Position identification may be performed by techniques including amplitude sensing, phase sensing, pulse length sensing, and frequency sensing. As an alternative to rotation of the transducer, ultrasonic signals may be formed at a proximal end of a probe and then conducting the energy to the distal end via a waveguide.
摘要翻译： 用于血管内超声成像的超声系统和方法包括固定以朝向成像换能器直接超声能量的信标阵列，其中各个信标是可识别的，以便确定成像换能器的角位置。 基于与信标识别相关的数据，自适应地调整成像装置的操作，以补偿换能器的角速度的变化。 可以通过调整扫描转换算法或映射反射的超声能量，或者通过改变用于旋转传感器的驱动结构的控制来调节发射的超声能量的脉冲重复率来执行自适应补偿。 信标优选地是压电有源的，但也可以使用被动信标。 可以通过包括幅度感测，相位感测，脉冲长度感测和频率感测的技术来执行位置识别。 作为换能器旋转的替代方案，可以在探针的近端处形成超声波信号，然后经由波导将能量传导到远端。
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公开(公告)号：US5438554A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US203216
申请日：1994-02-28
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0622
摘要： A tunable ultrasonic probe includes a body of a first piezoelectric material acoustically coupled in series with a body of a second piezoelectric material. The second piezoelectric material has a Curie temperature that is substantially different than that of the first piezoelectric material. Preferably, the first piezoelectric material is a conventional piezoelectric ceramic, such as lead zirconate titanate, while the second piezoelectric material is a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, such as lead magnesium niobate. At an operating temperature of the probe, the first piezoelectric material has a fixed polarization. In contrast, the second piezoelectric material has a polarization that is variable relative to the fixed polarization of the first piezoelectric material. A preferred novel arrangement of electrodes electrically couples the bodies in parallel with one another. An oscillating voltage for exciting the acoustic signals in the probe is coupled with the electrodes. The polarization of the second piezoelectric material is variably controlled by a bias voltage coupled with the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, the bias voltage has a reversible electrical polarity for selecting one resonant frequency from a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe. In another preferred embodiment, the bias voltage source has a variable voltage level for selecting at least one of a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe.
摘要翻译： 可调谐超声波探头包括与第二压电材料的主体串联耦合的第一压电材料的主体。 第二压电材料具有与第一压电材料基本不同的居里温度。 优选地，第一压电材料是诸如锆钛酸铅的常规压电陶瓷，而第二压电材料是诸如铌酸铅镁之类的弛豫铁电陶瓷。 在探针的工作温度下，第一压电材料具有固定的极化。 相反，第二压电材料具有相对于第一压电材料的固定极化可变的极化。 电极的优选新颖布置使得主体彼此平行地电耦合。 用于激发探针中的声信号的振荡电压与电极耦合。 第二压电材料的极化可通过与电极耦合的偏置电压来可变地控制。 在优选实施例中，偏置电压具有可逆的电极性，用于从探头的多个谐振频率中选择一个谐振频率。 在另一个优选实施例中，偏置电压源具有用于选择探头的多个谐振频率中的至少一个的可变电压电平。
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公开(公告)号：US5396143A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-07
申请号：US246593
申请日：1994-05-20
CPC分类号： B06B1/06 , B06B1/0622 , H04R17/08
摘要： An ultrasonic transducer for controlling an elevation aperture utilizes the electric field-induced polarization properties of relaxor ferroelectric materials. The Curie temperature of the material is typically close to room temperature, so that the application of a bias voltage provides piezoelectric activity. By varying the thickness of a dielectric layer that spaces apart the relaxor ferroelectric material from an electrode or providing the bias voltage, the piezoelectric activity can be tailored. That is, degrees of polarization of the relaxor ferroelectric material are varied spatially in correspondence with changes in thickness of the dielectric layer. The effective elevation aperture of the transducer can be varied by adjusting the bias voltage.
摘要翻译： 用于控制仰角孔的超声换能器利用了弛豫铁电材料的电场诱导极化特性。 材料的居里温度通常接近室温，因此施加偏置电压提供压电活性。 通过改变将弛豫铁电体材料与电极隔开或提供偏置电压的电介质层的厚度，可以调整压电活性。 也就是说，弛豫铁电材料的偏振度根据电介质层的厚度的变化在空间上变化。 可以通过调整偏置电压来改变传感器的有效仰角孔径。
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公开(公告)号：US5465725A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-14
申请号：US381607
申请日：1995-01-30
CPC分类号： B06B1/0629 , G10K11/02 , B06B2201/20
摘要： A tunable ultrasonic probe of the that provides efficient electrical coupling of probe control lines to imaging system components and further provides for variable control over size of an effective acoustic aperture of the probe. The ultrasonic probe includes a body of a piezoelectric material that has a first surface and an opposing surface. A first set of electrodes is coupled with the first surface of the body. A second set of electrodes is also coupled with the first surface of the body and arranged so that each electrode of the second set substantially overlaps at least a respective one electrode of the first set. A third set of electrodes is coupled with the opposing surface of the body. At least one bias voltage source is coupled with the electrodes for substantially polarizing ceramic material within selected regions of the body. Switches are coupled with the first and second set of electrodes for changing an acoustic aperture of the probe by varying size of the selected polarized regions. The polarization of the selected regions of the piezoelectric material is controlled so as to variably tune a frequency of the beam of acoustic signals while controlling the acoustic aperture of the probe.
摘要翻译： 一种可调谐的超声波探头提供了探头控制线与成像系统部件的有效电耦合，并进一步提供对探头有效声孔尺寸的可变控制。 超声波探头包括具有第一表面和相对表面的压电材料体。 第一组电极与本体的第一表面结合。 第二组电极还与本体的第一表面耦合，并且被布置成使得第二组的每个电极基本上与第一组的至少相应的一个电极重叠。 第三组电极与主体的相对表面联接。 至少一个偏置电压源与电极耦合，用于使主体的选定区域内的基本上偏振的陶瓷材料。 开关与第一和第二组电极耦合，用于通过改变所选极化区域的尺寸来改变探针的声孔。 控制压电材料的选定区域的极化，以便在控制探针的声孔的同时可变地调谐声信号束的频率。
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公开(公告)号：US5460181A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-24
申请号：US319344
申请日：1994-10-06
CPC分类号： B06B1/0622 , G01N29/245 , B06B2201/20 , G01N2291/0427 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and apparatus for three dimensional ultrasonic scanning with reduced electronic switching and cabling requirements. The invention includes a body including a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic material and electrodes coupled to opposing surfaces of the body. Electronic switches select electrodes so as to select column regions of the body that are arranged adjacent to one another in a row extending radially outward from a central axis of the body. A bias voltage source is coupled with the electronic switches for substantially polarizing ceramic material within the selected column regions of the body. A sector controller dynamically configures the electronic switches to rotationally vary a position of the row arrangement of selected column regions. An oscillating voltage source excites the row of selected column regions to emit an acoustic beam, so that the beam rotationally scans the medium as the sector controller rotationally varies the position of the row arrangement.
摘要翻译： 一种用于三维超声波扫描的方法和装置，具有减少的电子切换和布线要求。 本发明包括一个主体，它包括一个弛豫铁电陶瓷材料和连接到该主体相对表面的电极。 电子开关选择电极，以便从主体的中心轴向径向向外延伸的行中选择彼此相邻布置的主体的列区域。 偏置电压源与电子开关耦合，用于在主体的所选列区域内大致偏振陶瓷材料。 扇区控制器动态地配置电子开关以旋转地改变所选列区域的行排列的位置。 振荡电压源激励所选择的列区域的行以发射声束，使得当扇区控制器旋转地改变行布置的位置时，光束旋转地扫描介质。
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8.发明授权Integrated impedance matching layer to acoustic boundary problems for clinical ultrasonic transducers 失效综合阻抗匹配层与临床超声换能器的声界边界问题
公开(公告)号：US5423319A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-13
申请号：US260391
申请日：1994-06-15
CPC分类号： A61B8/12 , A61B8/4461 , G10K11/02 , A61B8/445
摘要： An ultrasonic probe for providing efficient and controlled acoustic coupling to a desired medium under examination by the probe. The ultrasonic probe of the present invention employs one or more ultrasonic transducers substantially surrounded by a fluid. The ultrasonic transducer is acoustically coupled to the fluid for transmitting the beam of acoustic signals therethrough. A housing that is acoustically coupled with the fluid substantially encloses the fluid and the transducer. The housing comprises a layer portion of a material contiguous with a bulk remainder portion of the material. Additionally, an impedance matching means is integral with the housing for controlling an acoustic impedance of the layer portion of the housing.
摘要翻译： 一种超声波探头，用于通过探头提供有效且受控制的声耦合到所要求的介质。 本发明的超声波探头采用基本上被流体包围的一个或多个超声换能器。 超音波换能器声耦合到流体，用于传输声信号束。 与流体声学耦合的壳体基本上包围流体和换能器。 壳体包括与材料的大量剩余部分相邻的材料的层部分。 此外，阻抗匹配装置与壳体成一体，用于控制壳体的层部分的声阻抗。
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公开(公告)号：US5511296A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US225127
申请日：1994-04-08
摘要： A method of forming an impedance matching layer of an acoustic transducer includes geometrically patterning impedance matching material directly onto a radiating surface of piezoelectric substrate. In one embodiment, the matching layer is deposited onto the piezoelectric substrate and photolithographic techniques are utilized to pattern the matching layer to provide posts tailored to better match the piezoelectric substrate to a medium into which acoustic waves are to be transmitted. A nominal layer of metal between the posts and the piezoelectric substrate improves the attachment of the matching material to the substrate. The nominal layer may be chrome-gold and the matching material may be copper. Typically, the radiating surface is the substrate front surface from which acoustic waves are directed into a medium of interest, e.g., water or human tissue. However, the radiating surface may be the substitute rear surface, with the patterned matching layer providing acoustic matching to a backing layer for absorbing acoustic energy. In another embodiment, matching layers of different acoustic impedances are deposited and patterned on both the front and rear surfaces to provide matching for effective transmission into the medium of interest and into an acoustic absorptive backing medium.
摘要翻译： 形成声换能器的阻抗匹配层的方法包括将阻抗匹配材料几何图形化地构图到压电基片的辐射表面上。 在一个实施例中，将匹配层沉积到压电衬底上，并且利用光刻技术对匹配层进行图案化，以提供定制的贴片，以使压电衬底更好地匹配要传播声波的介质。 柱和压电衬底之间的标称金属层改善了匹配材料与衬底的连接。 标称层可以是铬金，并且匹配材料可以是铜。 通常，辐射表面是基底前表面，声波被引导到感兴趣的介质中，例如水或人体组织。 然而，辐射表面可以是替代后表面，其中图案化匹配层为背衬层提供声学匹配以吸收声能。 在另一个实施例中，不同声阻抗的匹配层在前表面和后表面上沉积和图案化，以提供有效传输到感兴趣的介质和声吸收背衬介质中的匹配。
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