公开(公告)号：US5828484A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-27

申请号：US51987

申请日：1993-04-26

申请人： Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

发明人： Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC分类号： G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/10

CPC分类号： G02F1/3515 ,  G02F1/3511 ,  G02F2203/26 ,  Y10S372/70

摘要： A multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system for gating a probe pulse of light. In a first embodiment, the system includes at least two optical Kerr gates, each Kerr gate including a polarizer, an optical Kerr cell actuable by a pump pulse, and an analyzer. In a second embodiment, at least one of the Kerr cells may be eliminated by arranging the respective sets of polarizers and analyzers so that they share a common Kerr cell. Gated pulses obtained using the present system typically have a signal to noise ratio that is at least 500 times better than that for gated pulses obtained using a single optical Kerr gate system. The system of the present invention may also include means for causing the pump pulse to arrive at the second Kerr cell (in the case of the first embodiment) or at a single Kerr cell a second time (in the case of the second embodiment) non-synchronously with the arrival of the probe pulse thereat. In this manner, gated pulses may be obtained that are much shorter in duration than pulses gated with a single optical Kerr gate system.

摘要翻译： 用于门控光脉冲的多级光学克尔门系统。 在第一实施例中，该系统包括至少两个光学克尔门，每个克尔门包括偏振器，可由泵浦脉冲致动的光学克尔单元和分析器。 在第二实施例中，可以通过布置相应的偏振器和分析器组来消除克尔单元中的至少一个，使得它们共享公共克尔单元。 使用本系统获得的门控脉冲通常具有比使用单个光学克尔门系统获得的门控脉冲的信噪比更好的500倍的信噪比。 本发明的系统还可以包括用于使泵浦脉冲第二次（在第二实施例的情况下）到达第二克尔单元（在第一实施例的情况下）或单个克尔单元的装置 与探针脉冲的到来同步。 以这种方式，可以获得门控脉冲的持续时间短于用单个光学克尔门系统门控的脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US5799656A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-01

申请号：US733558

申请日：1996-10-21

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang ,  Xiangchun Liang ,  Pierre A. Galland

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang ,  Xiangchun Liang ,  Pierre A. Galland

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 ,  A61B5/4312

摘要： A method for detecting the presence of one or more calcifications within a portion of a turbid medium, such as a breast tissue. According to one aspect, the method involves illuminating at least a portion of the turbid medium with light, whereby light emerges from the turbid medium consisting of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffuse component, temporally and/or spatially gating the emergent light to preferentially pass the ballistic and/or snake-like components, using the temporally and/or spatially gated light to form an image of the illuminated portion of the turbid medium, and examining the image for the presence of one or more calcifications. Wavelength difference images may also be used to highlight tumors and calcification regions. The foregoing method may be used to form optical images of breast tissues, with the presence in such images of calcifications suggestive of cancer being used to identify the corresponding breast tissues as good candidates for biopsy and screening for tumors.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测在混浊介质（例如乳房组织）的一部分内存在一种或多种钙化的方法。 根据一个方面，该方法包括用光照射混浊介质的至少一部分，由此光从由弹道组件，蛇形部件和扩散部件组成的混浊介质中暂时和/或空间门控 使用时间和/或空间门控的光来优先地通过弹道和/或蛇状部件以形成混浊介质的被照射部分的图像，并检查图像中是否存在一种或多种钙化。 波长差图像也可用于突出肿瘤和钙化区域。 上述方法可以用于形成乳腺组织的光学图像，存在这样的钙化图像，暗示癌症用于鉴定相应的乳腺组织作为肿瘤活检和筛选的良好候选物。

公开(公告)号：US5371368A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

申请号：US920193

申请日：1992-07-23

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho ,  Leming Wang

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/49

CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 ,  A61B5/4312 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01N2021/4797

摘要： A system for imaging an object in or behind a highly scattering medium includes a laser for illuminating the highly scattering medium with a beam of light. The light emerging from the highly scattering medium consists of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffuse component. A 4F Fourier imaging system with a Kerr gate located at 2F is used to form a time-space gated image of the emerging light, the time-space gated image consisting primarily of the ballistic component and the snake-like component.

摘要翻译： 用于在高度散射介质中或其后成像物体的系统包括用于以光束照射高散射介质的激光器。 从高度散射介质出射的光由弹道组件，蛇形部件和漫射部件组成。 使用位于2F的克尔门的4F傅立叶成像系统来形成主要由弹道组件和蛇形部件组成的时空门控图像。

公开(公告)号：US5227912A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-13

申请号：US784220

申请日：1991-10-30

申请人： Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

发明人： Ping-Pei Ho ,  Robert R. Alfano

IPC分类号： G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/35

CPC分类号： G02F1/3515 ,  G02F1/3511 ,  G02F2203/26 ,  Y10S372/70

摘要： A multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system for gating a probe pulse of light. In a first embodiment, the system includes at least two optical Kerr gates, each Kerr gate including a polarizer, an optical Kerr cell actuable by a pump pulse, and an analyzer. In a second embodiment, at least one of the Kerr cells may be eliminated by arranging the respective sets of polarizers and analyzers so that they share a common Kerr cell. Gated pulses obtained using the present system typically have a signal to noise ratio that is at least 500 times better than that for gated pulses obtained using a single optical Kerr gate system. The system of the present invention may also include means for causing the pump pulse to arrive at the second Kerr cell (in the case of the first embodiment) or at a single Kerr cell a second time (in the case of the second embodiment) non-synchronously with the arrival of the probe pulse thereat. In this manner, gated pulses may be obtained that are much shorter in duration than pulses gated with a single optical Kerr gate system.

公开(公告)号：US5142372A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US489941

申请日：1990-03-08

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho

IPC分类号： H04N5/30

CPC分类号： H04N5/30

摘要： An apparatus for producing a 3-dimensional image of semi-transparent object or of a opaque object in a semi-transparent media includes a picosecond or a femtosecond laser, a streak camera, a coherent fiber bundle, a video camera and a computer. The apparatus provides a unique nondestructive and non-invasive diagnostic way for detecting, for example, objects hidden in semi-opaque media. The laser is used to produce an ultrashort light pulse. The coherent fiber bundle is used to convert the 2-dim spatial image that is produced (i.e. scattered or fluorescence light from a 3-dim object illuminated with the ultrashort laser pulse) into a 1-dim line image which is fed into the input slit of the streak camera and then time resolved by the streak camera. The video camera is used to record the 2-dim output (1-dim from input image and 1-dim of the streak time) from the streak camera. The output of the video camera is fed into the computer. In the computer 2-dim data elements are reconstructed into a 3-dim image and then displayed on a monitor. This apparatus essentially converts a streak camera into the equivalent of a framing camera with continuous time imaging capability.

摘要翻译： 用于在半透明介质中制造半透明物体或不透明物体的三维图像的装置包括皮秒或飞秒激光，条纹相机，相干光纤束，摄像机和计算机。 该装置提供用于检测例如隐藏在半不透明介质中的物体的独特的非破坏性和非侵入性诊断方法。 激光用于产生超短光脉冲。 相干光纤束用于将所产生的2维空间图像（即，用超短激光脉冲照射的3维物体的散射光或荧光）转换成被输入到输入狭缝中的1-dim线图像 的条纹相机，然后由条纹相机时间解决。 摄像机用于从条纹摄像机记录2路输出（输入图像为1微米，条纹时间为1微米）。 摄像机的输出被馈送到计算机。 在计算机中，将2-dim数据元素重建成3-dim图像，然后显示在监视器上。 该装置基本上将条纹相机转换成具有连续时间成像能力的相框。

公开(公告)号：US06631289B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-07

申请号：US09767125

申请日：2001-01-22

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Jing Tang ,  Ping Pei Ho

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Jing Tang ,  Ping Pei Ho

IPC分类号： A61B600

CPC分类号： G01N21/6486 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/445 ,  A61B5/4523 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N21/6456

摘要： A method for monitoring a biological tissue includes illuminating the tissue, including a fluorophore, with a wavelength of light, the wavelength selected for exciting the fluorophore, determining a fluorescent emission of the fluorophore, the emission indicating the presence of the fluorophore, and correlating an emission of the fluorophore to an extent and degree of damage to the tissue. Damage to the tissue includes a breakdown of the fluorophore, resulting in a reduced level of emission. The fluorophore can include one of collagen and elastin. The fluorophore can include tryptophan, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin and porphyrin. Correlating the emission of the fluorophore to the extent and degree of damage further includes processing a correlation of the emission over time, controlling the power of a laser welder based on the processed correlation, and preventing overheating of the tissue by the laser welder.

公开(公告)号：US06495833B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

申请号：US09598705

申请日：2000-06-21

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Ping-Pei Ho

IPC分类号： G01N2188

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/8422

摘要： A system for non-destructively imaging surfaces through a coating, in accordance with the present invention, includes a near-infrared (NIR) light source for illuminating a coated surface. A detector is positioned in an operative relationship with the NIR light source to receive light backscattered from the coated surface and from the coating. A gating device is positioned in an operative relationship with the detector to selectively permit light to pass to the detector to measure optical characteristics of the backscattered light such that determinations of a state of a surface below the coating is determined based on the optical characteristics of the backscattered light. Methods for performing the non-destructive imaging of the present invention are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明的用于通过涂层非破坏性地成像表面的系统包括用于照射涂覆表面的近红外（NIR）光源。 检测器与NIR光源处于可操作的关系中，以接收从涂覆表面和涂层反射的光。 选通装置与检测器处于可操作的关系中，以选择性地允许光通过检测器以测量背向散射光的光学特性，使得基于涂层的光学特性确定涂层下面的表面状态的确定 背散射光。 还公开了用于执行本发明的非破坏性成像的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06240312B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-29

申请号：US09178275

申请日：1998-10-23

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Scott Alfano ,  Quan-Zhen Wang ,  Ping Pei Ho

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Scott Alfano ,  Quan-Zhen Wang ,  Ping Pei Ho

IPC分类号： A61B600

CPC分类号： A61B1/041 ,  A61B1/00016 ,  A61B1/00027 ,  A61B1/00156 ,  A61B5/0031 ,  A61B5/07 ,  A61B34/35 ,  A61B34/72 ,  A61B2034/303 ,  A61B2562/028 ,  Y10S128/903

摘要： Remote-controllable, micro-scale, robotic device for use in diagnosing and/or treating abnormalities inside a human body in vivo. The device has a length from 0.1 mm to 10 mm and can be introduced into the body either from natural body openings or by injection into the blood stream. Once inside the body, the device can be guided to different locations in the body by an outside operator using radio controls and computer software. 2-dimensional image information and spectroscopic information (e.g., fluorescence, absorption, elastic scattering, Raman, etc.) gathered by the device inside the body are transmitted by video and radio signals to a computer located externally relative to the body. The transmitted information is processed, analyzed and displayed by the external computer for use by the outside operator. The outside operator can then make a diagnosis and, if applicable, instruct the device to render a treatment on the examined area. Such treatments include the ablation of tissue using lasers or the like and the binding of ruptured tissues together using chemical glue, UV cured epoxy materials or photochemical or photo-ionization techniques using near-infrared light to weld tissue from absorption at water bands.

摘要翻译： 用于诊断和/或治疗体内人体内异常的远程可控，微型，机器人装置。 该装置具有0.1mm至10mm的长度，并且可以从天然体开口或通过注入血流引入体内。 一旦进入体内，可以通过外部操作员使用无线电控制和计算机软件将装置引导到身体的不同位置。 通过视频和无线电信号将由身体内部的装置收集的2维图像信息和光谱信息（例如，荧光，吸收，弹性散射，拉曼等）传输到相对于身体外部的计算机。 所发送的信息由外部计算机处理，分析和显示以供外部操作者使用。 然后，外部操作人员进行诊断，如果适用，则指示设备对被检查区域进行处理。 这种治疗包括使用激光等消融组织，并使用化学胶，UV固化的环氧树脂材料或使用近红外光的光化学或光电离技术将破裂的组织结合在一起，以将组织从水带吸收焊接。

公开(公告)号：US4510221A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-09

申请号：US519442

申请日：1983-08-01

申请人： Brian A. Gorin ,  Ping-Pei Ho

发明人： Brian A. Gorin ,  Ping-Pei Ho

IPC分类号： G03H1/18 ,  G03C5/44 ,  G03H1/04

CPC分类号： G03C5/44

摘要： A method for producing a phase hologram having a high diffraction efficiency which includes treating a developed photographic material with a stop bath containing sodium sulfate, bleaching with a tanning bleach having a low pH value and fixing the bleached material in a bath containing sodium thiosulfate.

摘要翻译： 一种制造具有高衍射效率的相位全息图的方法，其包括用含有硫酸钠的停止浴处理显​​影的照相材料，用具有低pH值的鞣制漂白剂漂白并将漂白的材料固定在含有硫代硫酸钠的浴中。

公开(公告)号：US5717517A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-10

申请号：US386483

申请日：1995-02-10

申请人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Vladimir V. Petricevic ,  Ping Pei Ho

发明人： Robert R. Alfano ,  Vladimir V. Petricevic ,  Ping Pei Ho

IPC分类号： H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/17 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/16 ,  H01S3/162 ,  H01S3/1623 ,  H01S3/178

摘要： A method for amplifying a signal pulse of laser light. Preferably, the method is used to amplify 1.3 .mu.m and/or 1.55 .mu.m signal pulses emitted from any 1.3 .mu.m or 1.55 .mu.m signal source, the method comprising providing an amplifying medium, the amplifying medium comprising an elongated core and a light-retaining outer structure surrounding the elongated core. The elongated core preferably comprises a plurality of Cr.sup.4+ -doped crystalline particles capable of lasing at 1.3 .mu.m and/or 1.55 .mu.m and preferably having a size of approximately 0.05 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m. The crystalline particles are dispersed within a non-gaseous medium, the non-gaseous medium having an index of refraction that substantially matches that of the crystalline particles. The method further comprises pumping the elongated core, either transversely or longitudinally, so as to excite the crystalline particles and transmitting the signal pulse of laser light through the elongated core while the crystalline particles are excited whereby the signal pulse of laser light becomes amplified. The present invention is also directed to an amplifier comprising the above-described amplifying medium in combination with a light source capable of pumping the elongated core in such a way as to excite the crystalline particles.

摘要翻译： 一种放大激光信号脉冲的方法。 优选地，该方法用于放大从任何1.3μm或1.55μm信号源发射的1.3μm和/或1.55μm信号脉冲，该方法包括提供放大介质，该放大介质包括细长芯和光 - 围绕细长核心的外部结构。 细长芯优选包括能够以1.3μm和/或1.55μm激发的多个Cr 4+掺杂的结晶颗粒，并且优选具有约0.05μm至500μm的尺寸。 结晶颗粒分散在非气体介质中，非气态介质的折射率基本上与结晶颗粒的折射率相匹配。 该方法还包括将细长的芯横向或纵向泵送，以便激发结晶颗粒并在激发结晶粒子的同时激发激光的信号脉冲通过细长芯，由此激光的信号脉冲变得放大。 本发明还涉及一种放大器，其包括上述放大介质与能够以激发结晶颗粒的方式泵送细长芯的光源。