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公开(公告)号：US20090009769A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：US11899508
申请日：2007-09-06
申请人： Robert E. Uber , John H. Reno, II
发明人： Robert E. Uber , John H. Reno, II
IPC分类号： G01N21/17
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2201/12723 , G01N2201/12792 , H05B33/0818
摘要： A gas sensor includes a light source, a power source in operative connection with the light source and a control system in operative connection with the light source and the power supply. The control system is adapted to control power input from the power source to the light source such that the time period of the control frequency is shorter than the thermal time constant of at least one of (i) the infrared light source, (ii) the gas within the sensor, or (iii) a detector of the sensor. The time period of the control frequency can, for example, be no greater than ⅓ of the thermal time constant, no greater than 1/10 of the thermal time constant, or even no greater than 1/20 of the thermal time constant. A feedback signal can be provided to the control system assist in achieving control.
摘要翻译： 气体传感器包括光源，与光源可操作地连接的电源和与光源和电源可操作地连接的控制系统。 控制系统适于控制从电源到光源的输入功率，使得控制频率的时间周期短于（i）红外光源，（ii） 传感器内的气体，或（iii）传感器的检测器。 控制频率的时间段可以例如不大于热时间常数的1/3，不大于热时间常数的1/10，或甚至不大于热时间常数的1/20 。 可以向控制系统提供反馈信号以帮助实现控制。
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公开(公告)号：US07106445B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US10635270
申请日：2003-08-06
申请人： Robert E. Uber
发明人： Robert E. Uber
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N2021/0346 , G01N2021/1704
摘要： The present invention relates to a photoacoustic gas sensor utilizing diffusion having a sensing volume and an acoustic pressure sensor volume containing an acoustic pressure sensor such that the fluid connection between the sensing volume and the acoustic pressure sensor volume restricts the flow of analyte gas therethrough but does not restrict the transmission of the photoacoustic signal therethrough.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种光声气体传感器，其利用具有感测体积的扩散和包含声压传感器的声压传感器体积，使得感测体积和声压传感器体积之间的流体连接限制了分析物气体通过其中的流动，但是 不限制光声信号的透过。
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公开(公告)号：US06353324B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-05
申请号：US09435100
申请日：1999-11-05
IPC分类号： G01R2912
CPC分类号： G01R19/2509 , G01J1/44
摘要： The present invention relates to an electronic circuit and an array of such circuits for precisely measuring small amounts or small changes in the amount of charge, voltage, or electrical currents. One embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic circuit for measuring current or charge that can be used with a variety of sensing media (including high impedance sensing media) that produce a signal by either charge or current production or induction in response to physical phenomena occurring within the sensing media. In another embodiment, the voltage level (bias) of either the sensing or reference electrode can be switched relative to the other upon receipt of a triggering pulse. This changes the polarity of the electric field to cause charge of the opposite polarity to be driven to the sensing electrode, thereby eliminating the need to electrically connect a discharge path to the sensing electrode to clear the charge accumulated at the sensing electrode. This can be supplemented by capacitively coupling a compensation signal to the sensing electrode to cause the amplifier output signal to lessen in magnitude below a threshold level that permits additional charge or current measurements of the same polarity before performing bias reversal. Alternately or in combination with bias reversal and capacitive compensation, sensor performance can be improved by minimizing inaccuracies caused by leakage currents or current drawn from the sensor. Other described methods of reducing leakage currents that can be used alone or in combination with the aforementioned features include the use of guard rings, physical switches or relays, the controlled creation of charges or currents of a specific polarity in a specific region of the sensing medium, controlled leakage over the surface of an insulator, and controlling the environment in which the circuit operates.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于精确测量电荷量，电压或电流量的少量或小变化的这种电路的电子电路和阵列。 本发明的一个实施例提供了一种用于测量电流或电荷的电子电路，其可以与各种感测介质（包括高阻抗感测介质）一起使用，所述传感介质（包括高阻抗传感介质）通过电荷或当前的产生或响应于物理现象产生的感应而产生信号 在传感媒体内。 在另一个实施例中，感测或参考电极的电压电平（偏置）可以在接收到触发脉冲时相对于另一个切换。 这改变了电场的极性，导致相反极性的电荷被驱动到感测电极，从而不需要将放电路径电连接到感测电极，以清除在感测电极处积累的电荷。 这可以通过将补偿信号电容耦合到感测电极来补充，以使放大器输出信号在低于允许进行偏置反转之前允许相同极性的额外电荷或电流测量的阈值电平之下降低。 或者与偏置反转和电容补偿相结合，可以通过最小化由漏电流或从传感器吸取的电流引起的不准确度来改善传感器性能。 减少可以单独使用或与上述特征组合使用的泄漏电流的其它描述的方法包括使用保护环，物理开关或继电器，在感测介质的特定区域中控制产生特定极性的电荷或电流 ，在绝缘体的表面上的受控泄漏，以及控制电路工作的环境。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5736739A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US726843
申请日：1996-10-08
申请人： Robert E. Uber , Viktor Kouznetsov , Alexander Tarassov , Byron L. Carnahan , Charles W. Pipich
发明人： Robert E. Uber , Viktor Kouznetsov , Alexander Tarassov , Byron L. Carnahan , Charles W. Pipich
CPC分类号： G01N27/622 , G01N30/7206
摘要： Generally, the present invention provides a recirculating filtration system for use with a transportable ion mobility spectrometer in gas chromatography applications. The transportable recirculating filtration system comprises a pump and a set of filters and flow sensors connected to an ion mobility spectrometry sensor having a gas chromatograph column at its inlet. The IMS sensor's outlet flow is cleaned by the filters and recirculated by the pump back into the IMS sensor as the carrier fluid stream flow. A portion of the IMS sensor's outlet flow equal to the amount of flow introduced into the sensor as the sample is exhausted from the filtration system to maintain a constant total flow volume through the system as the sample is being analyzed. Preferably, the multicapillary column is sealed to a heated transfer line leading to the sample stream inlet of the IMS sensor. The transfer line is preferably maintained at a temperature 10.degree. C.-40.degree. C. above that of the multicapillary column in order to ensure that analyte species will not adsorb on the walls of the transfer line instead of entering the sample stream inlet of the IMS sensor. The transfer line can be optionally configured with a flow smoothing insert to produce a laminar flow profile throughout the volume between the transfer line outlet end and the IMS sensor housing upon exit of the carrier flow stream from the flow smoothing insert.
摘要翻译： 通常，本发明提供了一种在气相色谱应用中与可运输离子迁移谱仪一起使用的再循环过滤系统。 可运输的循环过滤系统包括泵和一组连接到其入口处具有气相色谱柱的离子迁移谱传感器的过滤器和流量传感器。 IMS传感器的出口流被过滤器清洁，并随着载体流体流的流动而被泵再循环回到IMS传感器中。 随着样品从过滤系统排出，IMS传感器的出口流的一部分等于引入传感器的流量，以便在分析样品时保持通过系统的恒定总流量。 优选地，多毛细管柱被密封到通向IMS传感器的样品流入口的加热的输送管线。 传输线优选保持在高于多毛细管柱的温度10℃-40℃的温度下，以确保分析物种不会吸附在输送管线的壁上，而不是进入 IMS传感器。 输送管线可以可选地配置有流动平滑插入件，以在从流动平滑插入件离开载体流动流时，在传送线出口端和IMS传感器外壳之间的整个体积中产生层流分布。
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公开(公告)号：US06414318B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09187470
申请日：1998-11-06
IPC分类号： G01T1185
CPC分类号： G01R19/2509 , G01J1/44
摘要： The present invention relates to an electronic circuit for measuring small amounts of charge or small electrical currents. One embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic circuit for measuring current or charge that can be used with a variety of sensing media (including high impedance sensing media) that produce a signal by either charge or current production or induction in response to physical phenomena occurring within the sensing media. In another embodiment, the voltage level (bias) of either the sensing or reference electrode can be switched relative to the other upon receipt of a triggering pulse. This changes the polarity of the electric field to cause charge of the opposite polarity to be driven to the sensing electrode, thereby eliminating the need to electrically connect a discharge path to the sensing electrode to clear the charge accumulated at the sensing electrode. This can be supplemented by capacitively coupling a compensation signal to the sensing electrode to cause the amplifier output signal to lessen in magnitude below a threshold level that permits additional charge or current measurements of the same polarity before performing bias reversal. Alternately or in combination with bias reversal and capacitive compensation, sensor performance can be improved by minimizing inaccuracies caused by leakage currents or current drawn from the sensor. Other methods of reducing leakage currents that can be used alone or in combination with the aforementioned features include the use of guard rings, physical switches or relays, the controlled creation of charges or currents of a specific polarity in a specific region of the sensing medium, controlled leakage over the surface of an insulator, and controlling the environment in which the circuit operates.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测量少量电荷或小电流的电子电路。 本发明的一个实施例提供了一种用于测量电流或电荷的电子电路，其可以与各种感测介质（包括高阻抗感测介质）一起使用，所述传感介质（包括高阻抗传感介质）通过电荷或当前的产生或响应于物理现象产生的感应而产生信号 在传感媒体内。 在另一个实施例中，感测或参考电极的电压电平（偏置）可以在接收到触发脉冲时相对于另一个切换。 这改变了电场的极性，导致相反极性的电荷被驱动到感测电极，从而不需要将放电路径电连接到感测电极，以清除在感测电极处积累的电荷。 这可以通过将补偿信号电容耦合到感测电极来补充，以使放大器输出信号在低于允许进行偏置反转之前允许相同极性的额外电荷或电流测量的阈值电平之下降低。 或者与偏置反转和电容补偿相结合，可以通过最小化由漏电流或从传感器吸取的电流引起的不准确度来改善传感器性能。 可以单独使用或与上述特征结合使用的减少泄漏电流的其它方法包括使用保护环，物理开关或继电器，在感测介质的特定区域中控制产生特定极性的电荷或电流， 在绝缘体的表面上控制泄漏，并控制电路工作的环境。
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公开(公告)号：US07835004B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-16
申请号：US11899508
申请日：2007-09-06
申请人： Robert E. Uber , John H. Reno, II
发明人： Robert E. Uber , John H. Reno, II
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N2021/1704 , G01N2201/12723 , G01N2201/12792 , H05B33/0818
摘要： A gas sensor includes a light source, a power source in operative connection with the light source and a control system in operative connection with the light source and the power supply. The control system is adapted to control power input from the power source to the light source such that the time period of the control frequency is shorter than the thermal time constant of at least one of (i) the infrared light source, (ii) the gas within the sensor, or (iii) a detector of the sensor. The time period of the control frequency can, for example, be no greater than ⅓ of the thermal time constant, no greater than 1/10 of the thermal time constant, or even no greater than 1/20 of the thermal time constant. A feedback signal can be provided to the control system assist in achieving control.
摘要翻译： 气体传感器包括光源，与光源可操作地连接的电源和与光源和电源可操作地连接的控制系统。 控制系统适于控制从电源到光源的输入功率，使得控制频率的时间周期短于（i）红外光源，（ii） 传感器内的气体，或（iii）传感器的检测器。 控制频率的时间段可以例如不大于热时间常数的1/3，不大于热时间常数的1/10，或甚至不大于热时间常数的1/20。 可以向控制系统提供反馈信号以帮助实现控制。
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公开(公告)号：US08785857B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-22
申请号：US13242677
申请日：2011-09-23
IPC分类号： G01J5/02
CPC分类号： G01N21/59 , G01N21/3151 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2201/023 , G01N2201/0636 , G01N2201/0662
摘要： A closed path infrared sensor includes an enclosure, a first energy source within the enclosure, at least a second energy source within the enclosure, at least one detector system within the enclosure and a mirror system external to the enclosure and spaced from the enclosure. The mirror system reflects energy from the first energy source to the at least one detector system via a first analytical path and reflects energy from the second energy source to the at least one detector system via a second analytical path. Each of the first analytical path and the second analytical path are less than two feet in length.
摘要翻译： 封闭路径红外传感器包括外壳，外壳内的第一能量源，外壳内的至少第二能量源，外壳内的至少一个检测器系统和外壳外部与外壳隔开的反射镜系统。 反射镜系统经由第一分析路径将来自第一能量源的能量反射到至少一个检测器系统，并且经由第二分析路径将来自第二能量源的能量反射到至少一个检测器系统。 第一分析路径和第二分析路径中的每一条长度小于两英尺。
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公开(公告)号：US20130075615A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-28
申请号：US13242677
申请日：2011-09-23
CPC分类号： G01N21/59 , G01N21/3151 , G01N21/3504 , G01N2201/023 , G01N2201/0636 , G01N2201/0662
摘要： A closed path infrared sensor includes an enclosure, a first energy source within the enclosure, at least a second energy source within the enclosure, at least one detector system within the enclosure and a mirror system external to the enclosure and spaced from the enclosure. The mirror system reflects energy from the first energy source to the at least one detector system via a first analytical path and reflects energy from the second energy source to the at least one detector system via a second analytical path. Each of the first analytical path and the second analytical path are less than two feet in length.
摘要翻译： 封闭路径红外传感器包括外壳，外壳内的第一能量源，外壳内的至少第二能量源，外壳内的至少一个检测器系统和外壳外部与外壳隔开的反射镜系统。 反射镜系统经由第一分析路径将来自第一能量源的能量反射到至少一个检测器系统，并且经由第二分析路径将来自第二能量源的能量反射到至少一个检测器系统。 第一分析路径和第二分析路径中的每一条长度小于两英尺。
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公开(公告)号：US07886576B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US11897754
申请日：2007-08-31
申请人： Robert E. Uber
发明人： Robert E. Uber
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N2021/1704
摘要： A photoacoustic sensor includes a sensor system for photoacoustic detection, at least one noise canceling pressure sensor and a control system in operative connection with the noise canceling pressure sensor to actively cancel the effects of noise in the environment on the sensor system. Another photoacoustic sensor includes a measurement volume, a source of light energy, a photoacoustic pressure sensor, and at least one vibration canceling sensor (for example, a microphone or an accelerometer). A further photoacoustic sensor includes a measurement volume, a source of light energy and a photoacoustic pressure sensor. The measurement volume has an inner surface that is continuously curved over substantially the entire inner surface other than where a window in optical connection with the source of light intersects the measurement volume.
摘要翻译： 光声传感器包括用于光声检测的传感器系统，至少一个噪声消除压力传感器和与噪声消除压力传感器操作连接的控制系统，以主动地消除环境中的噪声对传感器系统的影响。 另一个光声传感器包括测量体积，光能源，光声压力传感器和至少一个振动消除传感器（例如麦克风或加速度计）。 另外的光声传感器包括测量体积，光能源和光声压力传感器。 测量体积具有在与光源光学连接的窗口与测量体积相交的基本上整个内表面上连续弯曲的内表面。
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公开(公告)号：US20080252891A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-16
申请号：US11897754
申请日：2007-08-31
申请人： Robert E. Uber
发明人： Robert E. Uber
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 , G01N2021/1704
摘要： A photoacoustic sensor includes a sensor system for photoacoustic detection, at least one noise canceling pressure sensor and a control system in operative connection with the noise canceling pressure sensor to actively cancel the effects of noise in the environment on the sensor system. Another photoacoustic sensor includes a measurement volume, a source of light energy, a photoacoustic pressure sensor, and at least one vibration canceling sensor (for example, a microphone or an accelerometer). A further photoacoustic sensor includes a measurement volume, a source of light energy and a photoacoustic pressure sensor. The measurement volume has an inner surface that is continuously curved over substantially the entire inner surface other than where a window in optical connection with the source of light intersects the measurement volume.
摘要翻译： 光声传感器包括用于光声检测的传感器系统，至少一个噪声消除压力传感器和与噪声消除压力传感器操作连接的控制系统，以主动地消除环境中的噪声对传感器系统的影响。 另一个光声传感器包括测量体积，光能源，光声压力传感器和至少一个振动消除传感器（例如麦克风或加速度计）。 另外的光声传感器包括测量体积，光能源和光声压力传感器。 测量体积具有在与光源光学连接的窗口与测量体积相交的基本上整个内表面上连续弯曲的内表面。
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