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    Process for the synthesis of silicon nitride
    1.
    发明授权
    Process for the synthesis of silicon nitride 失效
    氮化硅合成工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4619905A

    公开(公告)日：1986-10-28

    申请号：US685926

    申请日：1984-12-24

    Applicant: Samuel Natansohn ,  Gary Czupryna

    Inventor： Samuel Natansohn ,  Gary Czupryna

    IPC: C01B21/068 ,  C04B35/584 ,  C04B35/58

    CPC classification number: C04B35/584 ,  C01B21/0685 ,  C01P2002/02 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/61

    Abstract: A process for the preparation of silicon nitride powders, which are suitable for the manufacture of high quality structural ceramics is described. The synthesis process is based on the reduction of silicon dioxide by carbon in a nitrogen stream at elevated temperatures to form alpha silicon nitride. Silicon nitride powders of various morphologies are obtained by this technique by varying either the type of reactants used or the process conditions. Structural ceramics with densities exceeding 99% of theoretical and having satisfactory mechanical strength and oxidation resistance were sintered from powders synthesized by the method of this invention.

    Abstract translation: 描述了适用于制造高质量结构陶瓷的氮化硅粉末的制备方法。 合成方法是基于在氮气流中在升高的温度下用碳还原二氧化硅以形成α氮化硅。 通过改变使用的反应物的类型或工艺条件，通过该技术获得各种形态的氮化硅粉末。 通过本发明方法合成的粉末，烧结密度超过理论值99％，机械强度和耐氧化性能良好的结构陶瓷。

    Liquid-liquid extraction process for the recovery of tungsten from low level sources
    2.
    发明授权
    Liquid-liquid extraction process for the recovery of tungsten from low level sources 失效
    从低水平来源回收钨的液 - 液萃取过程

    公开(公告)号：US4279870A

    公开(公告)日：1981-07-21

    申请号：US186950

    申请日：1980-09-15

    Applicant: Samuel Natansohn ,  Sophia R. Su

    Inventor： Samuel Natansohn ,  Sophia R. Su

    IPC: C01G41/00 ,  C22B3/26 ,  C22B3/32 ,  C22B3/34

    CPC classification number: C01G41/003 ,  C22B3/0009 ,  C22B3/0024 ,  C22B3/0031 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y10S423/14

    Abstract: A recyclable process for the recovery of tungsten from low level aqueous sources comprises adjustment of the pH of the source solution to a value below about pH 6, extraction of the tungsten values into an organic phase comprising a chelating agent, an organic transfer agent, and an inert organic solvent. Preferred chelating agents include vicinally disubstituted aromatic compounds in which the substituents are selected from amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl.

    Abstract translation: 用于从低水平水源回收钨的可循环方法包括将源溶液的pH调节至低于约pH 6的值，将钨值提取到包含螯合剂，有机转移剂和 惰性有机溶剂。 优选的螯合剂包括邻位二取代的芳族化合物，其中取代基选自氨基，羧基，羟基和巯基。

    Process for the growth of alpha silicon nitride whiskers
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for the growth of alpha silicon nitride whiskers 失效
    用于生长α氮化硅晶须的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4604273A

    公开(公告)日：1986-08-05

    申请号：US725043

    申请日：1985-04-19

    Applicant: Gary Czupryna ,  Samuel Natansohn ,  Robert A. Long ,  Robin W. Munn

    Inventor： Gary Czupryna ,  Samuel Natansohn ,  Robert A. Long ,  Robin W. Munn

    IPC: C30B25/00 ,  C01B21/068

    CPC classification number: C30B25/005 ,  C30B29/38

    Abstract: A process for the growth of silicon nitride whiskers consists of reacting a mixture of carbon and silicon dioxide powders at elevated temperature in a stream of nitrogen, said reaction mixture containing small amounts of metals such as chromium, magnesium, and nickel which promote the growth of silicon nitride whiskers by vapor phase transport. The whiskers obtained as a result of this invention are of much higher purity than those obtained by prior art.

    Abstract translation: 用于生长氮化硅晶须的方法包括在高温下在氮气流中使碳和二氧化硅粉末的混合物反应，所述反应混合物含有少量金属如铬，镁和镍，促进生长 氮化硅晶须通过气相输送。 作为本发明的结果获得的晶须比现有技术获得的晶须高得多。

    Treatment of industrial wastes
    4.
    发明授权
    Treatment of industrial wastes 失效
    工业废物处理

    公开(公告)号：US5180563A

    公开(公告)日：1993-01-19

    申请号：US426625

    申请日：1989-10-24

    Applicant: Wen-Chao Lai ,  William J. Rourke ,  Samuel Natansohn

    Inventor： Wen-Chao Lai ,  William J. Rourke ,  Samuel Natansohn

    IPC: C22B7/02

    CPC classification number: C22B7/02 ,  Y02P10/212

    Abstract: A process for treating a sludge comprises digesting the waste material with a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to form an acidic digestion solution and a digestion residue. The digestion residue containing the major portion of tungsten and other refractory metals is reacted with NaOH to solubilize the major portion of tungsten values to a liquid concentrate that is separated from the insoluble solid that contains the major portion of the other refractory metals such as tantalum and niobium. The digestion solution containing the major portion of the transition and rare metals is treated with a base to selectively recover iron as a solid iron hydroxide precipitate which is separated from the resulting liquor. The liquor is then treated again with a base to selectively recover the other metals such as Sc, Cr, rare earths, but not Mn, as a solid metal hydroxide precipitate that is separated from the solution. The resulting solution containing the major portion of Mn is treated with a base to a pH of about 9.5 under an oxidative environment to recover manganese as a solid manganese hydroxide precipitate that is separated from the solution. The final waste effluent at a pH of 9.5 can be used for its alkali values and for diluting the concentrated acidic solution from the initial digestion of the waste materials.

    Abstract translation: 用于处理污泥的方法包括用硫酸和过氧化氢的混合物消化废料以形成酸性消化溶液和消化残余物。 含有主要部分钨和其他难熔金属的消解残余物与NaOH反应，以将钨值的主要部分溶解到液体浓缩物中，该液体浓缩物与包含主要部分的其它难熔金属如钽的不溶性固体分离， 铌。 含有主要部分的过渡金属和稀有金属的消解溶液用碱处理以选择性地回收作为固体氢氧化铁沉淀物的铁，其与所得液体分离。 然后用碱再次处理液体，以选择性地回收其它金属如Sc，Cr，稀土，而不是Mn，作为与溶液分离的固体金属氢氧化物沉淀物。 将含有主要部分Mn的所得溶液在氧化环境下用碱处理至约9.5，以回收锰作为与溶液分离的固体氢氧化锰沉淀。 pH值为9.5的最终废液可用于其碱值，并从废料的初始消化中稀释浓酸溶液。

    Liquid extraction procedure for the recovery of scandium
    5.
    发明授权
    Liquid extraction procedure for the recovery of scandium 失效
    用于回收钪的液体萃取程序

    公开(公告)号：US4898719A

    公开(公告)日：1990-02-06

    申请号：US321603

    申请日：1989-03-10

    Applicant: William J. Rourke ,  Wen-Chao Lai ,  Samuel Natansohn

    Inventor： William J. Rourke ,  Wen-Chao Lai ,  Samuel Natansohn

    IPC: C01F17/00

    CPC classification number: C01F17/0006 ,  Y10S423/14

    Abstract: A process for recovering the scandium present as a trace constituent in a mixture of iron, manganese and other oxides comprise bringing the scandium into solution along with much of the other base metals, reducing the dissolved iron to the ferrous state, adjusting the pH of the resulting solution to a value of about 2.0 and selectively extracting the scandium with an organic extractant consisting of thenoyltrifluoroacetone dissolved in an aromatic solvent. The scandium values are recovered quantitatively from the organic extractant by treating it with a dilute acid. The process effects a complete separation of the scandium from the base metals resulting in a scandium product of high purity.

    Abstract translation: 用于回收作为铁，锰和其它氧化物的混合物中的微量成分存在的钪的方法包括将钪与大部分其它贱金属一起溶解在溶液中，将溶解的铁还原成亚铁态，调节 得到约2.0的溶液，并用溶解在芳族溶剂中的噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮组成的有机萃取剂选择性萃取钪。 通过用稀酸处理钪值从有机萃取剂中定量回收。 该方法使钪与贱金属完全分离，产生高纯度的钪产品。

    Process for recovering metal values such as scandium, iron and manganese from an industrial waste sludge
    7.
    发明授权
    Process for recovering metal values such as scandium, iron and manganese from an industrial waste sludge 失效
    从工业废渣中回收钪，铁，锰等金属物质的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4988487A

    公开(公告)日：1991-01-29

    申请号：US426624

    申请日：1989-10-24

    Applicant: Wen-Chao Lai ,  William J. Rourke ,  Samuel Natansohn

    Inventor： Wen-Chao Lai ,  William J. Rourke ,  Samuel Natansohn

    IPC: C01F17/00 ,  C22B3/08 ,  C22B47/00 ,  C22B59/00

    CPC classification number: C22B3/08 ,  C01F17/0006 ,  C22B3/42 ,  C22B47/0063 ,  C22B59/00 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y10S423/14

    Abstract: A process for eliminating an industrial waste sludge by converting its metal values into useful products involves the selective leaching of Mn, divalent Fe, and other valuable metals, such as Sc, Co, Cr, Ni, Th, rare earths, etc. with a mixture of dilute sulfuric acid and a reductant at ambient temperature. Scandium is recovered by passing the leachate through an ion exchange column which is packed with a weakly cationic resin. The retention of other metals on the resin column is negligible. The scandium is eluted from the resin column and converted to a solid product. The raffinate from the ion exchange column is titrated with an alkali solution to convert the metals, except divalent Mn and Fe, to a solid metal hydroxide. After the separation the filtrate is treated with an alkali and an oxidant to recover iron as a solid product of iron oxide which is separated from the solution. The remaining solution contains only Mn values which are recovered by treating the solution with an alkali and an oxidant to yield a solid manganese product. Separation of the solid leaves a liquid that can be discharged directly. The residue from the initial acid leaching contains the remaining metal values. HCl is used to selectively dissolve the Fe values. The insoluble residue is digested in an alkali to extract the total tungsten values. The residue from the alkali digestion contains substantial amounts of Ta, Nb and Ti and is a viable source for these metals.

    Abstract translation: 通过将其金属价值转化为有用的产品来消除工业废渣的方法包括选择性浸出Mn，二价Fe和其它有价金属如Sc，Co，Cr，Ni，Th，稀土等，其中 在环境温度下稀硫酸和还原剂的混合物。 通过将渗滤液通过填充有弱阳离子树脂的离子交换柱来回收钪。 其他金属在树脂柱上的保留可忽略不计。 将钪从树脂柱洗脱并转化为固体产物。 来自离子交换柱的萃余液用碱溶液滴定，将除了二价Mn和Fe之外的金属转化成固体金属氢氧化物。 分离后，滤液用碱和氧化剂处理，以回收铁作为与溶液分离的氧化铁的固体产物。 剩余的溶液仅含有Mn值，通过用碱和氧化剂处理溶液来回收，得到固体锰产物。 固体分离出可直接排出的液体。 来自初始酸浸的残余物含有剩余的金属值。 HCl用于选择性溶解Fe值。 将不溶性残余物在碱中消化以提取总钨值。 来自碱消化的残留物含有大量的Ta，Nb和Ti，并且是这些金属的可行来源。

    Extraction process for the recovery of tungsten from low level sources
    9.
    发明授权
    Extraction process for the recovery of tungsten from low level sources 失效
    从低水平来源回收钨的提取过程

    公开(公告)号：US4287159A

    公开(公告)日：1981-09-01

    申请号：US186948

    申请日：1980-09-15

    Applicant: Samuel Natansohn ,  Sophia R. Su

    Inventor： Samuel Natansohn ,  Sophia R. Su

    IPC: C01G41/00 ,  C22B3/26 ,  C22B3/28 ,  C22B3/32 ,  C22B3/34

    CPC classification number: C22B3/0024 ,  C01G41/003 ,  C22B3/0009 ,  C22B3/0016 ,  C22B3/0031 ,  C22B3/42 ,  Y02P10/234 ,  Y10S423/14

    Abstract: A process for recovering tungsten from low level sources such as naturally occurring brines in a form substantially free of contaminating boron comprises adjusting the pH of the source solution to a value below about pH 8, contacting the pH-adjusted solution with an ion exchange resin, preferentially eluting the tungsten values in an aqueous eluate, extracting the eluate solution with an organic extractant comprising o-mercaptobenzoic acid, a quaternary alkylammonium salt and an inert organic solvent, and stripping the tungsten-loaded organic extractant solution with an aqueous basic stripping solution.

    Abstract translation: 从低水平源（例如基本上不含污染硼的形式的天然存在的盐水）中回收钨的方法包括将源溶液的pH调节至低于约pH 8的值，使pH调节的溶液与离子交换树脂接触， 优先在水性洗脱液中洗脱钨值，用包含邻 - 巯基苯甲酸，季烷基铵盐和惰性有机溶剂的有机萃取剂萃取洗脱液，并用碱性汽提溶液洗脱负载钨的有机萃取剂溶液。

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