公开(公告)号：US5077197A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-31

申请号：US707661

申请日：1985-03-04

申请人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

发明人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

IPC分类号： G01N33/542 ,  G01N33/58

CPC分类号： G01N33/542 ,  G01N33/58 ,  Y10S435/975 ,  Y10S436/805 ,  Y10S436/806 ,  Y10S436/808 ,  Y10S436/904

摘要： A method of assaying a ligand in a sample which method includes the steps of contacting the sample with components comprising(a) a specific binding partner to the ligand and, if desired,(b) at least one reagent selected from ligand analogues and specific binding, partners,at least one of the said components (a) and (b) being labelled with an electron-donor or electron-acceptor,and determining whether (and, if desired, the extent to which) transfer of electrons between the said electron-donor or electron-acceptor label and a suitable charge-transfer partner resulting in charge-transfer complex formation is perturbed by ligand complex formation and/or by controlled external influences.

摘要翻译： 一种测定样品中配体的方法，该方法包括使样品与包含（a）特异性结合配偶体的组分与配体接触的步骤，如果需要，（b）至少一种选自配体类似物和特异性结合的试剂 ，所述组分（a）和（b）中的至少一种用电子给体或电子受体标记，并确定在所述电子之间是否（并且如果需要的话）电子转移的程度 - 供体或电子受体标记和导致电荷转移络合物形成的合适的电荷转移配偶被配体络合物形成和/或通过受控的外部影响扰乱。

公开(公告)号：US5149630A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-22

申请号：US157100

申请日：1988-02-09

申请人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Hugh A. O. Hill ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

发明人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Hugh A. O. Hill ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

IPC分类号： C12M1/40 ,  C12Q1/00 ,  G01N27/27 ,  G01N27/30 ,  G01N27/327 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/542 ,  G01N33/543

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  Y10S435/81 ,  Y10S435/817 ,  Y10S436/806 ,  Y10S436/808

摘要： An electrochemical specific binding assay of a ligand (e.g., antigen, hapten or antibody) wherein at least one of the components is enzyme-labelled, and which includes the step of determining the extent to which the transfer of electrons between the enzyme substrate and an electrode, associated with the substrate reaction, is perturbed by complex formation or by displacement of any ligand complex relative to unbound enzyme-labelled component.The electron transfer is aided by electron-transfer mediators which can accept electrons from the enzyme and donate them to the electrode or vice versa (e.g. ferrocene) or by electron-transfer promoters which retain the enzyme in close proximity with the electrode without themselves taking up a formal charge.The electrochemical apparatus will typically comprise two or three electrodes, including one working electrode onto which components may advantageously be immobilized.The use of direct electrochemical measurement of the enzyme label avoids the errors and inconvenience of the known indirect measurement techniques.

摘要翻译： 配体（例如抗原，半抗原或抗体）的电化学特异性结合测定，其中至少一种组分是酶标记的，其包括确定酶底物和 与底物反应相关的电极通过复合物形成或通过相对于未结合的酶标记的组分置换任何配位体复合物来扰动。 电子转移辅助于电子转移介质，其可以接受来自酶的电子并将其提供给电极或反之亦然（例如二茂铁）或通过电子转移启动子保留酶极靠近电极而不自身吸收 正式收费。 电化学装置通常包括两个或三个电极，包括一个工作电极，组分可以有利地固定在该工作电极上。 使用酶标记的直接电化学测量避免了已知间接测量技术的错误和不便。

公开(公告)号：US4945045A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-31

申请号：US212043

申请日：1988-06-23

申请人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson ,  Hugh A. O. Hill

发明人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson ,  Hugh A. O. Hill

IPC分类号： G01N27/48 ,  G01N33/542 ,  G01N33/543

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  G01N27/3271 ,  Y10S435/817 ,  Y10S435/975 ,  Y10S436/806

摘要： A ligand in a sample can be assayed using electrochemical apparatus containing a working electrode and components comprising:(a) the sample,(b) a specific binding partner to the ligand, or a specific binding partner to the ligand and selected from ligand analogues and specific binding partners, and(c) an electron-source or electron-acceptor; at least one of components (b) being labelled with an electron-transfer mediator capable of aiding the transfer of electrons between the electron-source or electron-acceptor and the working electrode by accepting electrons from the electron-source and donating them to the working electrode, or accepting the electrons from the electrode and donating them to the electron-acceptor.The method includes the step of determining whether, and, if desired, the extent to which, the said transfer of electrons is perturbed by at least one of (i) formation of a complex of said ligand with a specific binding partner and (ii) controlled external influence which produces a perturbation of said transfer of electrons as a function of said complex formation.

摘要翻译： 可以使用含有工作电极和组分的电化学装置来测定样品中的配体，所述电化学装置包含：（a）样品，（b）与配体的特异性结合配偶体或配体的特异性结合配偶体，并且选自配体类似物和 特异性结合配偶体，和（c）电子源或电子受体; 组分（b）中的至少一种被电子转移介质标记，该电子传递介质能够通过接受来自电子源的电子并将它们供给到工作中来辅助电子源或电子受体与工作电极之间的电子传递 或者从电极接收电子并将它们提供给电子受体。 该方法包括以下步骤：确定是否和如果需要，所述电子转移的程度被（i）形成所述配体与特异性结合配偶体的复合物和（ii）至少一种所扰动， 控制的外部影响，其产生作为所述络合物形成的函数的所述电子传递的扰动。

公开(公告)号：US4978610A

公开(公告)日：1990-12-18

申请号：US76265

申请日：1987-07-23

申请人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson ,  Hugh A. O. Hill

发明人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson ,  Hugh A. O. Hill

IPC分类号： G01N33/532 ,  G01N33/543

CPC分类号： G01N33/532 ,  G01N33/54326 ,  G01N33/5438 ,  Y10S204/05 ,  Y10S435/817 ,  Y10S436/806

摘要： In its broadest aspect, the present invention provides a method of effecting an electrochemical specific-binding assay of a ligand, either qualitatively or quantitatively, in an apparatus comprising at leasts one electrode, in which method a labelled component of the assay medium is, at least in part, magnetically held in the vicinity of the electrode. The electrochemical assay method may include a separation step, whereby bound label may be separated from free label in the assay medium. Preferably the electrochemical assay method will include the step of determining a perturbation in an electrochemical characteristic of components of the assay medium associated with a ligand complexing reaction.Such an assay method is applicable to, for example, antibodies and antigens and suitable labels include redox centers, enzyme labels in the presence of an electron-transfer mediator and electron-transfer mediator labels in the presence of an electron donor or acceptor.

摘要翻译： 在其最广泛的方面，本发明提供了在包括至少一个电极的装置中定性或定量地进行配体的电化学特异性结合测定的方法，其中测定介质的标记组分在 至少部分地磁性地保持在电极附近。 电化学测定方法可以包括分离步骤，其中结合的标记物可以在测定培养基中与游离标记物分离。 优选地，电化学测定方法将包括确定与配体络合反应相关的测定介质的组分的电化学特性的扰动的步骤。 这种测定方法适用于例如抗体和抗原，合适的标记包括氧化还原中心，电子转移介质存在下的酶标记和电子给体或受体存在下的电子转移介质标记。

公开(公告)号：US4778769A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-18

申请号：US712193

申请日：1985-03-15

申请人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

发明人： Gordon C. Forrest ,  Simon J. Rattle ,  Grenville A. Robinson

IPC分类号： G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/551 ,  G01N33/552 ,  G01N33/553 ,  G01N33/557

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  Y10S435/817 ,  Y10S436/806 ,  Y10S436/807

摘要： In its broadest aspect, the present invention provides a method of assaying a ligand in a sample which comprises contacting the sample with a predetermined quantity of a specific binding partner to the ligand, said specific binding partner being immobilized on the effective gate electrode of a field effect transistor, and determining whether (and, if desired, the extent to which) an appropriate transistor characteristic is changed as a result of complex formation between the ligand and the specific binding partner.

摘要翻译： 在其最广泛的方面，本发明提供了一种测定样品中的配体的方法，其包括将样品与预定量的特异性结合配偶体接触到配体，所述特异性结合配偶体固定在场的有效栅极上 并且作为配体和特异性结合配偶体之间的复合物形成的结果，确定适当的晶体管特性（以及，如果需要，其程度）是否改变。