摘要:
A casing for an electronic control unit is composed of an upper case having a bottom opening and a bottom plate closing the bottom opening. The upper case is so formed that plural upper cases are easily stacked up and picked up one by one by an automated vacuum sucker. The sidewalls of the upper case facing each other are slanted, and a fringe portion is formed at a bottom end of each slanted sidewall. A U-shaped portion or a protrusion is formed on the fringe portion to prevent the upper case from sticking to another upper case when plural upper cases are vertically stacked up.
摘要:
A method of stirring molten metal by repeatedly sucking and rapidly discharging part of the molten metal into and out of a refractory cylinder having a lower opening end immersed in the molten metal in a ladle, comprises operating the stirring under a condition that an inner diameter (d) of the refractory cylinder is less than 1,000 mm, a relation between the inner diameter (d, mm) of the refractory cylinder and weight (W, ton) of the molten metal in the ladle is d/W.sup.0.5 >30, and an immersed depth of the refractory cylinder is within 200-700 mm. A pressurized gas for discharging the sucked molten metal out of the cylinder is introduced thereinto in an inclined direction relative to a vertical line against a point on an opposite inner wall of the cylinder at least 500 mm above the maximum suction level of the molten metal in the cylinder.A refractory cylinder operated in the above manner according to the invention comprises a flange connection between an uppermost and an intermediate cylinder parts of the cylinder at a location higher than the maximum suction height of the molten metal and a further flange connection between the intermediate cylinder part and a lowermost cylinder part. The refractory cylinder comprises at its immersed end a flow restricting opening to obtain more strong stirring the molten metal.
摘要:
An ultra-low carbon steel slab having a carbon content of about 0.01 mass percent or less is produced by casting at a casting speed of more than about 2.0 m/min using a mold provided with a casting space having a short side length D of about 150 to about 240 mm and an immersion nozzle provided with discharge spouts each having a lateral width d, the ratio D/d being in the range of from about 1.5 to about 3.0. Accordingly, a ultra-low carbon steel slab can be obtained having superior surface quality without performing slab conditioning such as scarfing.
摘要:
An ultra-low carbon steel slab having a carbon content of about 0.01 mass percent or less is produced by casting at a casting speed of more than about 2.0 m/min using a mold provided with a casting space having a short side length D of about 150 to about 240 mm and an immersion nozzle provided with discharge spouts each having a lateral width d, the ratio D/d being in the range of from about 1.5 to about 3.0. Accordingly, a ultra-low carbon steel slab can be obtained having superior surface quality without performing slab conditioning such as scarfing.
摘要:
Ribs are unitarily formed on an outer wall surface of a casing to compensate for an inclination of an inner wall surface corresponding to a draw angle provided for molding the inner wall surface. The direction of pins of a casing connector which connects an electronic control circuit of a printed circuit board accommodated within the casing to external wiring coincides with the direction of insertion of a checker connector. Alternatively, a protrusion or recess may be formed on a jig device on which the casing is placed for connection to an operation checking apparatus.
摘要:
A segregation preventive or eliminative operation in a continuous casting process is performed under the following conditions:The solidified/unsolidified ratio of the solidifying block is in a range of 0.5:1 to 0.9:1;The ratio between the overall compression .delta. (mm) versus thickness of the unsolidified area in the block (d mm) is greater than or equal to 0.5 or the thickness (d mm) of the unsolidified layer in the solidifying block is: ##EQU1## where D is the thickness of the block before compression. Casting speed may be controlled according to thickness of the solidifying shell at or near a crater end. Preferably, electromagnetic stirring is performed before performing compression forging.
摘要:
A method of refining molten metal with stirring in a refining vessel by repeated operation of suction and discharge is disclosed, wherein a lower end of a refractory cylinder is immersed into a molten metal bath in the vessel and an inside of the cylinder opposite to the immersed end is alternately subjected to evacuation and pressurization. In this method, maximum and average values of pressure reduction velocity to be applied to the inside of the cylinder are limited to not more than 1,000 mmHg/sec and not more than 500 mmHg/sec, respectively, and an evacuation time is extended over at least 1.5 times intrinsic oscillation period of up and down movement of molten metal column inside the cylinder.
摘要:
A pyroelectric infrared ray sensor is constituted with a current-voltage converting circuit utilizing an impedance of feedback capacity, obtained by adding the feedback capacity to an operational amplifier receiving as an input an element current from a pyroelectric element, whereby the current-voltage converting circuit can be improved in S/N ratio without altering characteristics of the pyroelectric element.
摘要:
A pyroelectric infrared ray sensor includes a voltage amplifying circuit provided with a signal amplifying part having a non-inverting amplifier, with an integrating circuit, and with voltage dividing resistors connected at a position where an input V.sub.IN to the voltage amplifying circuit and an output V.sub.B of the integrating circuit are resistance-divided to a non-inverting input terminal of the signal amplifying part which is practically formed by an operating amplifier, wherein the signal amplifying part includes a low-pass filter formed by a resistor and a capacitor, whereby the electrostatic capacity of the required capacitor can be minimized, and the entire circuit can be minimized in size and also in manufacturing costs.
摘要:
In an air-fuel ratio control with a learning control, a first correction values stored in a memory in correspondence to intake condition of a combustion engine and fuel injection time are renewed in response to an air-fuel ratio of mixture sensed in an exhaust of the combustion engine and a second correction value also stored in the memory is renewed in dependence on a difference between the first correction values stored in correspondence to the same intake condition. The first correction values are used to correct a basic fuel injection time determined by the operating condition, while the second correction value is used to correct an ineffective fuel injection time. Fuel is injected for an interval which is a sum of the corrected basic fuel injection time and the corrected ineffective fuel injection time.