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公开(公告)号：US4846571A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-11
申请号：US929572
申请日：1986-11-03
CPC分类号： G01S17/325 , G01S7/4917 , G01S7/499 , G01S7/4814
摘要： A laser is provided for generating a beam of continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic energy having a nominal frequency and amplitude. The frequency of the CW beam is modulated (FM) from the nominal frequency. The amplitude of the frequency modulated beam is modulated (AM) from the nominal amplitude to produce an amplitude and frequency modulated continuous wave (AM-FM CW) beam of energy. A local oscillator beam is produced from the frequency modulated CW beam. The AM-FM CW beam is directed for reflection by a target. The target-reflected return portions of the AM-FM CW beam are combined with the frequency modulated local oscillator beam to produce a beat frequency signal which is subsequently detected, the beat frequency signal having a frequency component representative of the range of the target. Such arrangement, when implemented in a radar system, provides such radar system with accurate target range measurements unambiguous over large ranges. Further, such AM-FM CW signal provides high resolution between target-reflected return signals of such AM-FM CW signal and returns from near-field atmospheric clutter.
摘要翻译： 提供激光器用于产生具有标称频率和幅度的连续波（CW）电磁能量束。 CW波束的频率从标称频率调制（FM）。 频率调制波束的幅度从标称幅度调制（AM），以产生幅度和频率调制的连续波（AM-FM CW）能量束。 从调频CW波束产生本地振荡器波束。 AM-FM CW光束被指向用于目标的反射。 将AM-FM CW波束的目标反射返回部分与调频本地振荡器波束组合以产生随后检测到的拍频信号，拍频信号具有代表目标范围的频率分量。 这种布置在雷达系统中实现时，可以在大范围内为这种雷达系统提供准确的目标范围测量。 此外，这种AM-FM CW信号在这样的AM-FM CW信号的目标反射返回信号和从近场大气杂波返回之间提供高分辨率。
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公开(公告)号：US4813766A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-21
申请号：US162992
申请日：1988-03-02
CPC分类号： H01Q3/2676 , G02B26/06 , G02B5/3066 , G02F1/01
摘要： An optical time delay unit for use in an optical phased array beam-steering system includes a switchable polarization rotator in conjunction with Brewster plates and mirrors to form electrically-selectable optical paths of different lengths. The switchable polarization rotator is aligned with the optical beam and is responsive to a control signal for varying the polarization of light passing therethrough. The Brewster plates receive the light passing through the first polarization rotator and are transmissive to a first polarization and reflective of a second. The transmissive and reflective paths are of different lengths, and are recombined at a second Brewster plate. The original polarization may be restored by a second polarization rotator. A plurality of time delay units may be cascaded to permit selection from among many paths of various lengths. In a preferred embodiment, the polarization rotators include liquid crystal cells having nematic phase molecules. Optically-transparent electrodes are formed on the cell windows by an ion implantation process. A planar phased array beam-forming system comprises a plurality of time delay units, illustratively arranged in a 2-by-2 configuration, wherein each unit is illuminated by a corresponding sector of a single light beam.
摘要翻译： 用于光相控阵光束转向系统的光学延迟单元包括与布鲁斯特板和反射镜相结合的可切换偏振旋转器，以形成不同长度的电选择光路。 可切换的偏振旋转器与光束对准，并且响应于控制信号来改变通过其中的光的偏振。 布鲁斯特板接收通过第一偏振旋转器的光，并且对第一偏振透射并反射第二偏振。 透射和反射路径具有不同的长度，并且在第二布鲁斯特板上重组。 原始极化可以由第二偏振旋转器恢复。 可以级联多个时间延迟单元以允许从各种长度的许多路径中进行选择。 在优选实施例中，偏振旋转器包括具有向列相分子的液晶单元。 通过离子注入工艺在电池窗口上形成光学透明电极。 平面相控阵波束形成系统包括多个时间延迟单元，其示例性地以2乘2配置排列，其中每个单元由单个光束的相应扇区照射。
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公开(公告)号：US4812035A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US929686
申请日：1986-11-03
CPC分类号： G01S17/36 , G01S17/325 , G01S7/4917 , H01S3/139
摘要： A laser radar system wherein a beam of continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic energy is generated with frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM) being imposed thereon to produce an amplitude and frequency modulated, continuous wave beam of energy. The AM-FM CW beam is transmitted toward a selected target, portions of the transmitted beam being reflected by the target and received along with portions of the transmitted beam reflected by unselected targets and atmospheric clutter. A first signal is produced in response to the frequency modulation on the received beam portions reflected by the selected target, such first signal representing the approximate range of the selected target and substantially resolving the selected target from unselected targets and atmospheric clutter and having a relatively long ambiguous range interval. A second signal is produced in response to the amplitude modulation on the received beam portions reflected by the selected target, the second signal representing the accurate range of the selected target within a relatively short ambiguous range interval. The second signal provides poor resolution between the selected target and the unselected targets and atmospheric clutter. The first and second signals are combined to produce an output signal having the relatively high resolution and long ambiguous range interval of the first signal and providing the accurate selected target range measurement of the second signal.
摘要翻译： 一种激光雷达系统，其中通过频率调制（FM）和幅度调制（AM）产生连续波（CW）电磁能量束，以产生幅度和频率调制的连续波束。 AM-FM CW波束朝向所选择的目标发送，所发送的波束的部分被目标物反射并且被未被选择的目标物和大气杂波反射的部分发射光束一起接收。 响应于由所选择的目标反射的接收波束部分上的频率调制产生第一信号，该第一信号表示所选择的目标的近似范围，并且从未选择的目标和大气杂波基本上解决所选择的目标并且具有相对长的 模糊范围间隔。 响应于由所选择的目标反射的接收波束部分上的幅度调制产生第二信号，第二信号表示在相对较短的不明确的范围间隔内所选择的目标的精确范围。 第二个信号在所选择的目标和未选择的目标和大气杂波之间提供差的分辨率。 第一和第二信号被组合以产生具有第一信号的相对高分辨率和长的不明确的范围间隔的输出信号，并且提供第二信号的精确选择的目标范围测量。
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公开(公告)号：US3950100A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-13
申请号：US518924
申请日：1974-10-29
申请人： Wayne H. Keene , Clarke E. Harris , Albert V. Jelalian , Christopher R. Miller , Richard E. Seavey
发明人： Wayne H. Keene , Clarke E. Harris , Albert V. Jelalian , Christopher R. Miller , Richard E. Seavey
CPC分类号： H01S3/1304 , G01P3/366 , G01P5/26 , G01S17/58 , G02F2/002
摘要： A laser heterodyne system is disclosed wherein received reflections of a beam of coherent light are amplified in a laser. The amplified received reflections are heterodyned with the light produced by the laser and the resulting beat frequency is detected using a photodetector. A controller, responsive to the beat frequency, controls, in one case, the frequency of a transmitting laser, and hence the frequency of the received light, and, in another case, the frequency of the light produced by the amplifying laser so that, in either case, the difference between the frequency of the received light and the frequency of the light produced by the amplifying laser is adjusted to maximize the amplification of the received light by the amlifying laser prior to detection by the photodetector.
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公开(公告)号：US5170218A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-08
申请号：US677696
申请日：1991-03-29
申请人： Wayne H. Keene
发明人： Wayne H. Keene
摘要： A laser radar system for measuring wind velocities including apparatus for permitting the system to measure the direction of the atmospheric flow field. A modulator is used to chirp the laser frequency toward increasing frequencies. The local oscillator frequency available for homodyning will be offset from the initial transmitted frequency by an amount equal to the chirp rate multiplied by the round trip transit time to the aerosols at the focal point of the converging laser beam. During the up-ramped chirps of the optical beam frequency, the Doppler shift frequency of aerosols moving toward the laser beam will be translated to a lower frequency, and the Doppler shift frequency of aerosols moving away from the laser beam will be frequency translated upward.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量风速的激光雷达系统，包括允许系统测量大气流场方向的装置。 调制器用于将激光频率啁啾到增加的频率。 可用于校正的本地振荡器频率将从初始发射频率偏移等于啁啾率乘以会聚激光束焦点处的气溶胶的往返行进时间的量。 在光束频率的上升啁啾期间，朝向激光束移动的气溶胶的多普勒频移将被转换为较低的频率，并且离开激光束的气溶胶的多普勒频移将向上频率转换。
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6.发明授权Coherent detection lag angle compensated scanning system independent of inhomogeneities of the detector 失效相干检测滞后角补偿扫描系统独立于检测器的不均匀性
公开(公告)号：US4311385A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-19
申请号：US200854
申请日：1980-10-27
申请人： Wayne H. Keene
发明人： Wayne H. Keene
CPC分类号： G01S7/4972 , G01B11/26 , G01S7/4917
摘要： A coherent detection scanning laser system having an optical system that compensates for the angular deviation of the received signal resulting from the scanning process, and having a detection system with output independent of spatially varying sensitivity or response of the detector caused by inhomogeneities therein.In one embodiment, the local oscillator reference signal is compensated for the lag angle and the detector is placed at the image plane of the scanning antenna, and system geometry is arranged so that the image plane of the mirror providing the compensating reference signal coincides with the image plane of the scanning antenna. In another embodiment, the received signal is compensated for lag angle and the system geometry is arranged so that the detector receives a focused signal permitting the use of a smaller area.
摘要翻译： 一种相干检测扫描激光系统，其具有补偿由扫描过程产生的接收信号的角度偏差的光学系统，并且具有独立于由不均匀性引起的检测器的空间变化的灵敏度或响应的输出的检测系统。 在一个实施例中，本地振荡器参考信号被补偿滞后角，并且检测器被放置在扫描天线的图像平面处，并且系统几何形状被布置成使得提供补偿参考信号的反射镜的像平面与 扫描天线的图像平面。 在另一个实施例中，接收的信号被补偿滞后角，并且系统几何形状被布置成使得检测器接收允许使用更小面积的聚焦信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4311384A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-19
申请号：US601764
申请日：1975-08-04
申请人： Wayne H. Keene
发明人： Wayne H. Keene
CPC分类号： G01S7/4817 , G01S7/4812 , G01S7/499
摘要： A scanning laser doppler system in which the change in angle between transmitted and received beams caused by the finite transit time to the target is automatically compensated. The scanning beam is produced as a downward looking Palmer scan pattern by an expanded laser beam transmitted through a rotating wedge. The rotating wedge is tilted in accordance with the invention to align the received beam with a portion of the transmitted beam upon a detector.
摘要翻译： 一种扫描激光多普勒系统，其中自动补偿由到目标的有限传播时间引起的发射和接收光束之间的角度变化。 扫描光束通过透过旋转楔形体的扩大的激光束产生为向下看的帕尔默扫描图案。 根据本发明，旋转楔倾斜以将接收的波束与发射波束的一部分对准在检测器上。
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公开(公告)号：US3958881A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-25
申请号：US90526
申请日：1970-11-18
摘要： In a laser system, the method of operating a laser simultaneously as an oscillator to produce a beam of coherent light and as an amplifier for backscattered light from targets illuminated by the coherent light in such beam is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 在激光系统中，公开了作为振荡器同时操作激光以产生相干光束的方法，并且用作用于由该光束中的相干光照射的目标的后向散射光的放大器的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4902125A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-20
申请号：US213816
申请日：1988-06-30
CPC分类号： H01S3/2308 , G01S17/32 , G01S7/481 , G01S7/499 , H01S3/139 , H01S3/2316
摘要： A laser radar system having amplification of the optical beam. In a system where it is desired to achieve greater information content or greater system sensitivity, one or more laser amplifiers in the beam paths provide greater optical power for increased distance. Eleven system architectures are disclosed for use with a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer, eleven are disclosed for use with a Fizeau interferometer, and three are disclosed for use in a noncoherent optical system. The embodiments are distinguished by the number and placement of the laser amplifiers in the optical paths of the system.
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公开(公告)号：US4176959A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US897062
申请日：1978-04-17
IPC分类号： G01N21/39 , H01S3/1055 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/04
CPC分类号： G01N21/39 , H01S3/1055
摘要： A spectrometer for measuring the spectra and concentration of airborne chemicals at long ranges wherein the optical signals may be occluded by dust. A single lasing medium is utilized both for producing a transmitted optical signal and for amplifying a received optical signal, the frequencies of radiation of the transmitted and received optical signals being offset as the radiation propagates to a distant reflector and back to the lasing medium. The frequency offset is obtained by sweeping the transmitted frequency at a rate commensurate with the round trip propagation time whereby the offset is sufficient to place the received frequency at a peak at the amplifying spectrum of the lasing medium. A laser containing the laser medium further incorporates an interferometric structure within the optical path for sequentially shifting the frequency of oscillation to produce a comb spectrum for sampling the spectra of the chemicals to provide identifying signatures thereof.
摘要翻译： 用于测量长距离范围内的空气传播化学品的光谱和浓度的光谱仪，其中光信号可能被灰尘遮挡。 利用单个激光介质来产生传输的光信号和用于放大接收到的光信号，当辐射传播到远处的反射器并返回到激光介质时，发射和接收的光信号的辐射频率被偏移。 通过以与往返传播时间相称的速率扫描发射频率来获得频率偏移，由此偏移足以将接收频率置于激光介质的放大光谱处的峰值处。 包含激光介质的激光进一步包括在光路内的干涉结构，用于顺序地移动振荡频率以产生用于对化学品的光谱进行采样以提供其识别标记的梳状光谱。
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