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    Amperometric electrochemical cells and sensors
    1.
    发明授权
    Amperometric electrochemical cells and sensors 有权
    电化学电池和传感器

    公开(公告)号：US08974657B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-03-10

    申请号：US12875407

    申请日：2010-09-03

    申请人： Scott L. Swartz ,  Matthew M. Seabaugh ,  Lora B. Thrun ,  Paul H. Matter ,  Michael J. Day ,  William J. Dawson ,  Buddy E. McCormick

    发明人： Scott L. Swartz ,  Matthew M. Seabaugh ,  Lora B. Thrun ,  Paul H. Matter ,  Michael J. Day ,  William J. Dawson ,  Buddy E. McCormick

    IPC分类号： G01N33/00 ,  G01N27/403

    CPC分类号： G01N33/0054 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/4074 ,  G01N33/0037

    摘要： Amperometric ceramic electrochemical cells comprise, in one embodiment, an electrolyte layer, a sensing electrode layer comprising a ceramic phase and a metallic phase, and a counter electrode layer, wherein the cell is operable in an oxidizing atmosphere and under an applied bias to exhibit enhanced reduction of oxygen molecules at the sensing electrode in the presence of one or more target gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) or NH3 and a resulting increase in oxygen ion flux through the cell. In another embodiment, amperometric ceramic electrochemical cells comprise an electrolyte layer comprising a continuous network of a first material which is ionically conducting at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C.; a counter electrode layer comprising a continuous network of a second material which is electrically conductive at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C.; and a sensing electrode layer comprising a continuous network of a ceramic phase and a metallic phase which is electrically conductive at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C., which sensing electrode is operable to exhibit increased charge transfer in the presence of one or more target gas species. These electrochemical cells and additional electrochemical cell embodiments are suitable for use in gas sensors and methods of sensing or detecting one or more target gases.

    摘要翻译： 电化学陶瓷电化学电池在一个实施方案中包括电解质层，包含陶瓷相和金属相的感测电极层和对电极层，其中电池在氧化气氛中和施加的偏压下可操作以显示增强的 在一种或多种目标气体如氮氧化物（NOX）或NH 3存在下，在感测电极处还原氧分子，并导致通过电池的氧离子通量的增加。 在另一个实施方案中，电流分析陶瓷电化学电池包括电解质层，其包含第一材料的连续网络，其在约200至550℃的操作温度下离子导电; 对电极层，包括在约200至550℃的操作温度下导电的第二材料的连续网络; 以及感测电极层，其包含在约200至550℃的操作温度下导电的陶瓷相和金属相的连续网络，该感测电极可操作以在存在一个或多个的情况下显示出增加的电荷转移 更多的目标气体种类。 这些电化学电池和附加的电化学电池实施例适用于气体传感器和感测或检测一种或多种目标气体的方法。

    INTERJURISDICTIONAL RECORDING MECHANISM
    2.
    发明申请
    INTERJURISDICTIONAL RECORDING MECHANISM 审中-公开
    人际记录机制

    公开(公告)号：US20140093055A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-03

    申请号：US14097060

    申请日：2013-12-04

    申请人： William J. Dawson

    发明人： William J. Dawson

    IPC分类号： H04M1/656

    CPC分类号： H04M3/42221 ,  H04M1/656 ,  H04M3/2281 ,  H04M3/38 ,  H04M3/493 ,  H04M3/56

    摘要： The present invention provides a system for recording an interaction including, a telephone call between a caller and a digital processing system placed over an interjurisdictional boundary, and may include a telephone call placed to at least one called recipient. For example, a caller may place a telephone call over an interjurisdictional boundary to a remote computer server. The server may use an interactive voice response (IVR) unit to obtain caller identification information, provide recording identification information to the caller, and receive authorization from the caller to record an interaction between the caller and a call recipient. The server can also obtain testamentary intent information. A telephone call may then be placed by the server to the recipient, and a two-party digital voice recording can be made on the remote server of a three-way telephone call, in which the server is one of the parties.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于记录交互的系统，包括在呼叫者和放置在区域间边界之间的数字处理系统之间的电话呼叫，并且可以包括放置在至少一个被叫接收者的电话呼叫。 例如，呼叫者可以通过一个跨区域边界的电话呼叫到远程计算机服务器。 服务器可以使用交互式语音响应（IVR）单元来获得呼叫者识别信息，向呼叫者提供记录标识信息，并且接收来自呼叫者的授权以记录呼叫者和呼叫接收者之间的交互。 服务器还可以获取遗嘱意图信息。 然后可以由服务器向接收方发出电话呼叫，并且可以在三方电话呼叫的远程服务器上进行两方数字语音记录，其中服务器是其中一方。

    Interjurisdictional recording mechanism
    4.
    发明授权
    Interjurisdictional recording mechanism 失效
    管辖权记录机制

    公开(公告)号：US08644466B1

    公开(公告)日：2014-02-04

    申请号：US10191960

    申请日：2002-07-08

    申请人： William J. Dawson

    发明人： William J. Dawson

    IPC分类号： H04M1/64

    CPC分类号： H04M3/42221 ,  H04M1/656 ,  H04M3/2281 ,  H04M3/38 ,  H04M3/493 ,  H04M3/56

    摘要： The present invention provides a system for recording an interaction including, a telephone call between a caller and a digital processing system placed over an interjurisdictional boundary, and may include a telephone call placed to at least one called recipient. For example, a caller may place a telephone call over an interjurisdictional boundary to a remote computer server. The server may use an interactive voice response (IVR) unit to obtain caller identification information, provide recording identification information to the caller, and receive authorization from the caller to record an interaction between the caller and a call recipient. The server can also obtain testamentary intent information. A telephone call may then be placed by the server to the recipient, and a two-party digital voice recording can be made on the remote server of a three-way telephone call, in which the server is one of the parties.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于记录交互的系统，包括在呼叫者和放置在区域间边界之间的数字处理系统之间的电话呼叫，并且可以包括放置在至少一个被叫接收者的电话呼叫。 例如，呼叫者可以通过一个跨区域边界的电话呼叫到远程计算机服务器。 服务器可以使用交互式语音响应（IVR）单元来获得呼叫者识别信息，向呼叫者提供记录标识信息，并且接收来自呼叫者的授权以记录呼叫者和呼叫接收者之间的交互。 服务器还可以获取遗嘱意图信息。 然后可以由服务器向接收方发出电话呼叫，并且可以在三方电话呼叫的远程服务器上进行两方数字语音记录，其中服务器是其中一方。

    Continuous process for production of ceramic powders with controlled morphology
    6.
    发明授权
    Continuous process for production of ceramic powders with controlled morphology 失效
    用于生产具有受控形态的陶​​瓷粉末的连续工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5453262A

    公开(公告)日：1995-09-26

    申请号：US896773

    申请日：1992-06-10

    申请人： William J. Dawson ,  Scott L. Swartz

    发明人： William J. Dawson ,  Scott L. Swartz

    IPC分类号： C04B35/468 ,  C04B35/472 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/491 ,  C04B35/497 ,  C04B35/626 ,  C01G1/02 ,  C01G23/04 ,  C04B35/46

    CPC分类号： C04B35/497 ,  C04B35/4682 ,  C04B35/472 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/491 ,  C04B35/626

    摘要： A continuous process for making a crystalline ceramic powder having a perovskite structure, ABO.sub.3, comprising:a. preparing a first acidic aqueous solution containing one or more elements that are insoluble precursor elements capable of forming the perovskite structure;b. preparing a second basic solution containing a sufficient concentration of hydroxide to precipitate the elements in step (a);c. mixing the first acidic solution with the second basic solution to precipitate a substantially pure mixture of hydroxides;d. washing the precipitate to remove hydroxide and salt impurities;e. forming a slurry of oxides or hydroxides of one or more of the elements that are soluble precursor elements capable of forming in the perovskite structure, and heating the slurry to a temperature sufficient to dissolve the soluble oxides or hydroxides of the soluble precursor elements;f. redispersing the washed precipitate and heating to the temperature of the soluble oxides or hydroxides of step (e);g. mixing solubilized oxides or hydroxides of step (e) with the heated slurry of step (f);h. prereacting the third aqueous slurry at temperature, pressure, concentration, and for a time necessary to obtain the desired powder morphology; andi. hydrothermally treating the pre-reacted solution in a continuous reactor at an elevated temperature and pressure for a time sufficient to form the powder.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于制备具有钙钛矿结构的结晶陶瓷粉末的连续方法，其包括：a。 制备含有能够形成钙钛矿结构的不溶性前体元素的一种或多种元素的第一酸性水溶液; b。 制备含有足够浓度氢氧化物以沉淀步骤（a）中元素的第二碱性溶液; C。 将第一酸性溶液与第二碱性溶液混合以沉淀基本上纯的氢氧化物混合物; d。 洗涤沉淀物去除氢氧化物和盐杂质; e。 形成能够在钙钛矿结构中形成的可溶性前体元素的一种或多种元素的氧化物或氢氧化物的浆料，并将浆料加热到足以溶解可溶性前体元素的可溶性氧化物或氢氧化物的温度; F。 将洗涤过的沉淀物重新分散并加热至步骤（e）的可溶性氧化物或氢氧化物的温度; G。 将步骤（e）的溶解的氧化物或氢氧化物与步骤（f）的加热浆料混合; H。 在温度，压力，浓度以及获得所需粉末形态所需的时间内预处理第三含水浆料; 和我。 在连续的反应器中在升高的温度和压力下对预反应的溶液进行水热处理足以形成粉末的时间。

    AMPEROMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND SENSORS
    7.
    发明申请
    AMPEROMETRIC ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND SENSORS 有权
    放大电化学电池和传感器

    公开(公告)号：US20120055789A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-08

    申请号：US12875407

    申请日：2010-09-03

    申请人： Scott L. Swartz ,  Matthew M. Seabaugh ,  Lora B. Thrun ,  Paul H. Matter ,  Michael J. Day ,  William J. Dawson ,  Buddy E. McCormick

    发明人： Scott L. Swartz ,  Matthew M. Seabaugh ,  Lora B. Thrun ,  Paul H. Matter ,  Michael J. Day ,  William J. Dawson ,  Buddy E. McCormick

    IPC分类号： G01N27/407

    CPC分类号： G01N33/0054 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/4074 ,  G01N33/0037

    摘要： Amperometric ceramic electrochemical cells comprise, in one embodiment, an electrolyte layer, a sensing electrode layer comprising a ceramic phase and a metallic phase, and a counter electrode layer, wherein the cell is operable in an oxidizing atmosphere and under an applied bias to exhibit enhanced reduction of oxygen molecules at the sensing electrode in the presence of one or more target gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) or NH3 and a resulting increase in oxygen ion flux through the cell. In another embodiment, amperometric ceramic electrochemical cells comprise an electrolyte layer comprising a continuous network of a first material which is ionically conducting at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C.; a counter electrode layer comprising a continuous network of a second material which is electrically conductive at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C.; and a sensing electrode layer comprising a continuous network of a ceramic phase and a metallic phase which is electrically conductive at an operating temperature of about 200 to 550° C., which sensing electrode is operable to exhibit increased charge transfer in the presence of one or more target gas species. These electrochemical cells and additional electrochemical cell embodiments are suitable for use in gas sensors and methods of sensing or detecting one or more target gases.

    摘要翻译： 电化学陶瓷电化学电池在一个实施方案中包括电解质层，包含陶瓷相和金属相的感测电极层和对电极层，其中电池在氧化气氛中和施加的偏压下可操作以显示增强的 在一种或多种目标气体如氮氧化物（NOX）或NH 3存在下，在感测电极处还原氧分子，并导致通过电池的氧离子通量的增加。 在另一个实施方案中，电流分析陶瓷电化学电池包括电解质层，其包含第一材料的连续网络，其在约200至550℃的操作温度下离子导电; 对电极层，包括在约200至550℃的操作温度下导电的第二材料的连续网络; 以及感测电极层，其包含在约200至550℃的操作温度下导电的陶瓷相和金属相的连续网络，所述感测电极可操作以在存在一个或多个的情况下表现出增加的电荷转移 更多的目标气体种类。 这些电化学电池和附加的电化学电池实施例适用于气体传感器和感测或检测一种或多种目标气体的方法。

    Process for manufacturing a precursor powder for use in making a varistor and a powder manufactured in this process
    8.
    发明授权
    Process for manufacturing a precursor powder for use in making a varistor and a powder manufactured in this process 失效
    制造前驱体粉末的方法和制造过程中制造的粉末和粉末的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5143711A

    公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

    申请号：US446459

    申请日：1989-12-05

    申请人： Wolfgang Kluge ,  Roger Perkins ,  Marco Rossinelli ,  William J. Dawson

    发明人： Wolfgang Kluge ,  Roger Perkins ,  Marco Rossinelli ,  William J. Dawson

    IPC分类号： C04B35/626 ,  C01B13/36 ,  C04B35/453 ,  H01C7/10 ,  H01C7/112

    CPC分类号： H01C7/112 ,  C01B13/363

    摘要： A method for manufacturing a precursor powder for use in making a varistor is disclosed. This precursor powder is produced by preparing a homogeneous aqueous dispersion of metal oxides and/or metal hydroxides and heating the dispersion in a closed pressure reactor to a temperature between 200.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. for hydrothermally treating the homogeneous dispersion. The precursor powder produced in the afore-described method is highly homogeneous and of controlled crystal phase and morphology and after mixing with zinc oxide powder can homogeneously be reacted with the zinc oxide in a ceramic process.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于制造用于制造变阻器的前体粉末的方法。 该前体粉末是通过制备金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物的均匀水分散体并在密闭压力反应器中将分散体加热至200℃至350℃之间的温度来制备的，以水热处理均匀分散体。 在上述方法中制备的前体粉末是高度均匀的并且具有受控的结晶相和形态，并且与氧化锌粉末混合后，可以在陶瓷工艺中与氧化锌均匀地反应。

    Process for producing sub-micron ceramic powders of perovskite compounds with controlled stoichiometry and particle size
    9.
    发明授权
    Process for producing sub-micron ceramic powders of perovskite compounds with controlled stoichiometry and particle size 失效
    用于生产具有控制的硅藻土和颗粒尺寸的PEROVSKITE化合物的亚微米陶瓷粉末的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5112433A

    公开(公告)日：1992-05-12

    申请号：US295166

    申请日：1988-12-09

    申请人： William J. Dawson ,  Scott L. Swartz

    发明人： William J. Dawson ,  Scott L. Swartz

    IPC分类号： C04B35/49 ,  C01G23/00 ,  C01G25/00 ,  C01G33/00 ,  C04B35/468 ,  C04B35/472 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/491 ,  C04B35/497 ,  C04B35/626 ,  H01B3/00 ,  H01L41/187 ,  H01L41/24

    CPC分类号： C04B35/626 ,  C04B35/4682 ,  C04B35/472 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/491 ,  C04B35/497

    摘要： A process for making a crystalline ceramic powder having a perovskite structure, ABO.sub.3, that includes the steps of preparing a first acidic solution containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of hafnium, zirconium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, uranium, iron, antimony, lanthanum, bismuth, thorium, indium, nickel, manganese, neodymium, samarium, cobalt, tungsten, tin, vanadium, dysprosium, praseodymium, yttrium, promethium, europium, cerium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, erbium, thulium, chromium, potassium, and lithium; preparing a second basic solution containing a sufficient concentration of hydroxide to provide a predetermined pH when mixed with the first solution; adding the first acidic solution to the second basic solution to precipitate a substantially pure mixture of hydroxides; washing the precipitate to remove hydroxide and salt impurities that solubilize lead or other constituent elements of the powder; preparing an aqueous slurry of the washed precipitate and adding oxides or hydroxides of one or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of barium, strontium, calcium, magnesium, lead, zinc, yttrium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, zinc and nickel; hydrothermally treating the slurry at an elevated temperature and pressure for a time sufficient to form the powder; and drying the powder; wherein when lead, zirconium and titanium are selected the perovskite has the general formula: Pb(Zr.sub.1-x Ti.sub.x)O.sub.3, wherein x has a value of:(1) between 0 and 0.44;(2) between 0.44 and 0.55, and a total dopant and solid solution substitution level between 13 and 50 mole percent;(3) between 0.55 and 1.00; and wherein when x has a value of (1) or (3) then the total dopant and solid substitution level ranges from 0 to 50 mole percent.