公开(公告)号：US20100062471A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-11

申请号：US12088228

申请日：2006-09-29

申请人： Aaron B. Kantor ,  Susan Goelz ,  Jun Deng ,  Hua Lin ,  Christopher Becker

发明人： Aaron B. Kantor ,  Susan Goelz ,  Jun Deng ,  Hua Lin ,  Christopher Becker

IPC分类号： C12Q1/02

CPC分类号： G01N33/5091 ,  G01N33/5008 ,  G01N33/5023 ,  G01N33/5047 ,  G01N33/564 ,  G01N2500/00 ,  G01N2500/10 ,  G01N2800/285 ,  G01N2800/52

摘要： Biomarkers useful for identifying treatments for and monitoring treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are provided, as well as methods for their identification, methods of diagnosing MS, relapse of MS patients and disease progression in MS patients.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于识别多发性硬化症（MS）患者治疗和监测治疗的生物标志物，以及其鉴定方法，MS诊断方法，MS患者复发和MS患者疾病进展。

公开(公告)号：US20050116159A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-02

申请号：US11023234

申请日：2004-12-27

申请人： Christopher Becker ,  Curtis Hastings ,  Scott Norton ,  Sushmita Roy ,  Weixun Wang ,  Haihong Zhou ,  Thomas Shaler ,  Praveen Kumar ,  Markus Anderle ,  Hua Lin

发明人： Christopher Becker ,  Curtis Hastings ,  Scott Norton ,  Sushmita Roy ,  Weixun Wang ,  Haihong Zhou ,  Thomas Shaler ,  Praveen Kumar ,  Markus Anderle ,  Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  H01J49/00

CPC分类号： H01J49/0036

摘要： Relative quantitative information about components of chemical or biological samples can be obtained from mass spectra by normalizing the spectra to yield peak intensity values that accurately reflect concentrations of the responsible species. A normalization factor is computed from peak intensities of those inherent components whose concentration remains constant across a series of samples. Relative concentrations of a component occurring in different samples can be estimated from the normalized peak intensities. Unlike conventional methods, internal standards or additional reagents are not required. The methods are particularly useful for differential phenotyping in proteomics and metabolomics research, in which molecules varying in concentration across samples are identified. These identified species may serve as biological markers for disease or response to therapy.

摘要翻译： 通过对光谱进行归一化，可以从质谱中获得关于化学或生物样品成分的相对定量信息，以产生准确反映负责物种浓度的峰值强度值。 归一化因子是由浓度在一系列样品中保持不变的那些固有成分的峰值强度计算出来的。 发生在不同样品中的组分的相对浓度可以从标准化峰强度估计。 与传统方法不同，不需要内标或附加试剂。 该方法对于蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究中的差异表型特别有用，其中鉴定了样品浓度变化的分子。 这些鉴定的物种可以作为疾病或治疗反应的生物标志物。

公开(公告)号：US09171507B2

公开(公告)日：2015-10-27

申请号：US13183676

申请日：2011-07-15

申请人： Hua Lin ,  Xudong Mike Cui

发明人： Hua Lin ,  Xudong Mike Cui

IPC分类号： G09G5/00 ,  G09G3/34

CPC分类号： G09G3/344 ,  G09G2310/04

摘要： Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with controlling pixels of a display are described. According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a frame counter logic configured to maintain a global frame counter to track a number of refreshes of a display while updating pixels. The frame counter logic is also configured to determine a frame number when updating a pixel. The apparatus also includes a pixel logic configured to update the pixel.

摘要翻译： 描述了与控制显示器的像素相关联的系统，方法和其他实施例。 根据一个实施例，一种装置包括帧计数器逻辑，该帧计数器逻辑被配置为在更新像素的同时保持全局帧计数器以跟踪显示器的刷新次数。 帧计数器逻辑还被配置为在更新像素时确定帧号。 该装置还包括被配置为更新像素的像素逻辑。

公开(公告)号：US08250429B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-21

申请号：US12301119

申请日：2007-05-17

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/6306 ,  H03M13/6381 ,  H04L1/0066 ,  H04L1/0068 ,  H04L1/1812

摘要： A turbo encoder is provided to be capable of improving its performance in the case that the redundancy is low. A first constituent encoder (1) of an output device of the turbo encoder inputs a data coding sequence (Xk) directly and outputs a redundant data sequence (Zk). A second constituent encoder (2) inputs data coding information (X′k) mixed with the data coding sequence by an interleaver (3), and outputs a redundant data sequence (Z′k). A buffer (4) holds the data coding information (X′k) mixed with the data coding sequence by the interleaver (3). Thus, the data coding sequence (Xk), the redundant data sequences (Zk), (Z′k) and the data coding information (X′k) held by the buffer (4) are output in this order.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种turbo编码器，以便能够在冗余度低的情况下提高其性能。 涡轮编码器的输出装置的第一构成编码器（1）直接输入数据编码序列（Xk），并输出冗余数据序列（Zk）。 第二构成编码器（2）通过交织器（3）输入与数据编码序列混合的数据编码信息（X'k），并输出冗余数据序列（Z'k）。 缓冲器（4）保存由交织器（3）与数据编码序列混合的数据编码信息（X'k）。 因此，由缓冲器（4）保持的数据编码序列（Xk），冗余数据序列（Zk），（Z'k）和数据编码信息（X'k）按顺序输出。

公开(公告)号：US20120057659A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-08

申请号：US13319249

申请日：2010-04-08

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H04L27/06

CPC分类号： H04B1/406 ,  H04B1/7115 ,  H04W52/0274 ,  Y02D70/1244 ,  Y02D70/40

摘要： A communication apparatus includes two or more receiving units differing in characteristics. The apparatus further includes a data detecting unit detecting data to be received, in an input signal, and a selecting unit that selects one out of the two or more receiving units, depending upon detected result and characteristics of receiving units. In case data to be received is not contained in the input signal, the selecting unit selects a receiving unit whose power consumption during a period of time of not receiving the data is smaller than that of the other receiving unit(s) during a period of time of not receiving the data. In case the data to be received is contained in the input signal, the selecting unit selects a receiving unit from which a most satisfactory receiving quality is expected depending upon propagation environments of the input signal.

摘要翻译： 通信装置包括两个或更多个特性不同的接收单元。 该装置还包括数据检测单元，其根据检测到的接收单元的结果和特性，在输入信号中检测要接收的数据和选择单元，其选择两个或更多个接收单元中的一个。 在接收到的数据不包含在输入信号中的情况下，选择单元选择在不接收数据的时间段内的功率消耗小于其它接收单元的功率消耗的接收单元， 没有收到数据的时间。 在要接收的数据被包含在输入信号中的情况下，选择单元根据输入信号的传播环境选择期望最令人满意的接收质量的接收单元。

公开(公告)号：US07549113B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-16

申请号：US11038267

申请日：2005-01-21

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H03M13/03

CPC分类号： H03M13/3972 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/3723 ,  H03M13/3905

摘要： A turbo decoding method is capable of realizing high-speed and highly accurate decoding operations by improving initialization of path metric values for parallel decoding processing. Turbo encoded code data is divided into a first to an N-th sub-code blocks and parallel decoding processing on these sub-code blocks is performed. “A priori initialization processing unit” s are provided which employ a final calculated value in a preceding sub-code block as an initial value for calculation of a path metric value of each sub-code block excluding the first sub-code block in a forward direction and a final calculated value in a following sub-code block as an initial value for calculation of a path metric value of each sub-code block excluding the N-th sub-code block in a backward direction. After the a priori initialization processing of path metric values, parallel decoding processing on each sub-code block is performed.

摘要翻译： turbo解码方法能够通过改进用于并行解码处理的路径度量值的初始化来实现高速和高精度的解码操作。 Turbo编码代码数据被划分为第一到第N子代码块，并且对这些子代码块进行并行解码处理。 “提供了一种先验初始化处理单元，其将先前子代码块中的最终计算值用作用于计算除前进中的第一子代码块之外的每个子代码块的路径度量值的初始值 方向和后续子代码块中的最终计算值作为用于计算除后退方向上的第N个子代码块之外的每个子代码块的路径度量值的初始值。 在路径度量值的先验初始化处理之后，执行对每个子代码块的并行解码处理。

公开(公告)号：US20060026485A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-02

申请号：US11190922

申请日：2005-07-28

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H03M13/00

CPC分类号： H03M13/3972 ,  H03M13/09 ,  H03M13/2966 ,  H03M13/2975

摘要： A sliding window turbo decoder is provided which is capable of reducing large amounts of arithmetic calculations required for decoding and of achieving decoding processing that can reduce power consumption. An input code block is divided into a plurality of windows on which forward and backward processing is performed to realize a plurality of times of iterated decoding. At every time of iterated decoding, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is made by the CRC processing section and, according to the CRC processing result, a training size (length) for training processing on an initial value to be used in path metric calculations in a backward direction in a subsequent decoding is adjusted and controlled and, if the result is good, decoding is stopped. Power consumption is reduced while decoding capability is maintained.

公开(公告)号：US08781032B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-15

申请号：US13319249

申请日：2010-04-08

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H04L27/06 ,  H04L27/08

CPC分类号： H04B1/406 ,  H04B1/7115 ,  H04W52/0274 ,  Y02D70/1244 ,  Y02D70/40

摘要： A communication apparatus includes two or more receiving units differing in characteristics. The apparatus further includes a data detecting unit detecting data to be received, in an input signal, and a selecting unit that selects one out of the two or more receiving units, depending upon detected result and characteristics of receiving units. In case data to be received is not contained in the input signal, the selecting unit selects a receiving unit whose power consumption during a period of time of not receiving the data is smaller than that of the other receiving unit(s) during a period of time of not receiving the data. In case the data to be received is contained in the input signal, the selecting unit selects a receiving unit from which a most satisfactory receiving quality is expected depending upon propagation environments of the input signal.

摘要翻译： 通信装置包括两个或更多个特性不同的接收单元。 该装置还包括数据检测单元，其根据检测到的接收单元的结果和特性，在输入信号中检测要接收的数据和选择单元，其选择两个或更多个接收单元中的一个。 在接收到的数据不包含在输入信号中的情况下，选择单元选择在不接收数据的时间段内的功率消耗小于其它接收单元的功率消耗的接收单元， 没有收到数据的时间。 在要接收的数据被包含在输入信号中的情况下，选择单元根据输入信号的传播环境选择期望最令人满意的接收质量的接收单元。

公开(公告)号：US20100235722A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-16

申请号：US11997526

申请日：2006-07-31

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H03M13/23 ,  G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/27

CPC分类号： H04L1/005 ,  H04B2201/70707 ,  H04L1/0068 ,  H04L1/08 ,  H04L1/1819 ,  H04L1/1845

摘要： The second rate de-matching unit carries out a second rate de-matching step in parallel to each of two data defining the received data Rx for removing bits having been repeated in a second rate matching step having been carried out in a base station, or de-removing bits having been punctured in the second rate matching step having been carried out in a base station. The adders carry out a combining step in parallel in which data stored in the IR buffer is added to associated data among the two data. The first rate de-matching/turbo-decoding unit carries out a first rate de-matching step in which bits having been punctured in a first rate matching step having been carried out in a base station are repeated to data having been output from the input buffers, and simultaneously, repeatedly carries out a turbo-decoding step to the data.

摘要翻译： 第二速率去匹配单元与定义接收数据Rx的两个数据中的每一个并行执行第二速率去匹配步骤，用于在基站中执行的第二速率匹配步骤中去除已被重复的比特，或 在基站中执行的第二速率匹配步骤中去除已经被穿孔的比特。 加法器并行地执行组合步骤，其中将存储在IR缓冲器中的数据添加到两个数据中的相关联的数据。 第一速率去匹配/ turbo解码单元执行第一速率去匹配步骤，其中已经在基站中执行的第一速率匹配步骤中已被穿孔的比特重复到从输入端输出的数据 缓冲器，并且同时重复地对数据进行turbo解码步骤。

公开(公告)号：US07543213B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-02

申请号：US10850659

申请日：2004-05-21

申请人： Hua Lin

发明人： Hua Lin

IPC分类号： H03M13/00

CPC分类号： H03M13/2975

摘要： To provide a turbo decoding method capable of significantly improving efficiency of a determination as to whether or not to end decoding.If the decoding by a turbo decoder is started, a soft decision value of an element decoder is derived, and an ECR of a current frame is estimated from the soft decision value by an ECR criterion deriving portion. If determined to be an end as a result of an end determination of the decoding by the turbo decoder from a result of comparison with a last ECR value and the maximum number of times of repetition of decoding, a hard decision result and a decoding result are outputted, and if not determined to be the end, the number of times of repetition is counted up so as to repeat the above process.

摘要翻译： 提供能够显着提高关于是否结束解码的判定效率的turbo解码方法。 如果turbo解码器的解码开始，则导出元素解码器的软判决值，并且通过ECR准则导出部分从软判决值估计当前帧的ECR。 作为由turbo解码器从与最后的ECR值的比较结果和解码的重复次数的最大次数进行的解码结束确定结果的结果，硬判定结果和解码结果为 输出，如果不确定为结束，则重复的次数被计数，以重复上述处理。