摘要:
Provided are a process for producing a phosphate and a process for stabilizing a phosphate, the phosphate being an acid-form phosphate wherein an organic hydroxy compound is an alkylene oxide adduct. A production process of a phosphate and a stabilization process of a phosphate, including the step 1 of reacting an organic hydroxy compound represented by the following general formula (I) with a phosphorylating agent: R1—O—(AO)n—H (I) wherein R1 represents a straight or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms, AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is a number of 0.1 to 100 on the average; the step 2 of purifying the reaction product obtained in the step 1 until the content of the organic hydroxy compound that has not yet reacted becomes 2% or less by weight; and the step 3 of adding water to the purified product obtained in the step 2 at such a ratio that the content of water in the final product is from 0.5 to 10% by weight.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for producing an ether carboxylate which includes the steps of (1) reacting an aliphatic monohydric alcohol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali catalyst; (2) neutralizing a reaction solution obtained in the step (1) with an acid such as hydroxycarboxylic acids to obtain an ether alcohol; and (3-1) reacting the obtained ether alcohol with a monohalogenofatty acid or a salt thereof and an alkali metal hydroxide, or (3-2) subjecting the obtained ether alcohol to catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The obtained ether carboxylate has a less odor and a high quality and is therefore suitably used in the applications such as cosmetics and toiletries.
摘要:
Glycerin is effectively produced from a waste oil by a method comprising adding a strongly alkaline reducing water obtained by electrolyzing water containing sodium chloride to a waste oil selected from the group consisting of a waste edible oil, a fossil fuel waste oil and a mixture thereof, and extracting natural glycerin or synthetic glycerin by chemical reaction. Further, reusable edible oil is produced from a waste edible oil by a method comprising electrolyzing an aqueous solution having an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell, mixing a strongly alkaline reducing water generated at a cathode side of the electrolytic cell with a waste edible oil under ordinary temperature condition, and conducting oil/water separation, thereby purifying the waste edible oil to an extent such that it can be edible.
摘要:
A novel phosphoric ester of the following formula (I) ##STR1## is prepared by reacting a phosphoric ester of the following formula (II) ##STR2## with a basic compound. By reacting the phosphoric ester (I) with various types of amine compounds or other acidic hydrogen-bearing compounds, various phospholipid analogue compounds or phosphoric esters can be derived.
摘要:
At shutdown of a fuel cell system, a system-shutdown controller is configured to cause a current extraction device to extract current from a fuel cell in a state where a supply of a fuel gas through a fuel supply system is continued and a supply of an oxidant gas through an oxidant supply system is stopped, and the system-shutdown controller is configured to airtightly close fresh-air control valves after increasing pressure of the fuel gas in a fuel electrode to not less than atmospheric pressure and not less than pressure of the oxidant gas in an oxidant electrode.
摘要:
A fuel cell system which prevents the deterioration of the fuel cell stack when feeding of the oxidant gas is paused under a load to perform a fuel conservation operation. Controller shuts down oxidant gas compressor and cooling water circulating pump to execute fuel conservation operation at a low fuel cell system load. The controller gives a current draw instruction to electric power controller. In the fuel conservation operation, electric power controller draws a current larger than zero from fuel cell stack, and keeps the total charge drawn per unit time constant or substantially constant.
摘要:
A glass-moulded type semiconductor device comprising semiconductor arrangement composed of at least one semiconductor pellet having at least one P-N junction, edges of which are exposed to peripheral surfaces of the semiconductor pellet, a pair of electrodes secured to opposite ends of the semiconductor arrangement through a brazing material, a first mould glass layer secured to the entire circumferential surface of the semiconductor arrangement and extending to the surfaces of the electrodes for passivating the P-N junction of the semiconductor arrangement, and a second mould glass in the form of at least one layer secured to the surface of said first mould glass layer.Thermal expansion coefficient of each of the mould glass layers is selected in such a manner that the thermal expansion coefficient of the first glass layer is larger than the apparent thermal expansion coefficient of a semiconductor assembly consisting of the semiconductor arrangement and the brazing material, and the thermal expansion coefficient of said second mould glass layer is larger than that of the first mould glass layer.
摘要:
An explosive having a relatively small amount of powdered ferrite magnet dispersed therethrough, each magnet particle coated with a resin coating which is stable for the explosive material on the entire outer surface thereof. The resultant explosive is readily detected by a magnetic detector and is stable for a long time storage. As the resin coating, methyl methacrylate resin, styrene resin, acrylonitril resin, butadiene resin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylic acid resin, methylacrylate resin and/or the other vinyl resin is used.The resin coating is colored to color the explosives so that explosives may be distinctly visible, readily detected and identified.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for producing an ether carboxylate which includes the steps of (1) reacting an aliphatic monohydric alcohol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali catalyst; (2) neutralizing a reaction solution obtained in the step (1) with an acid such as hydroxycarboxylic acids to obtain an ether alcohol; and (3-1) reacting the obtained ether alcohol with a monohalogenofatty acid or a salt thereof and an alkali metal hydroxide, or (3-2) subjecting the obtained ether alcohol to catalytic oxidation reaction in the presence of a catalyst. The obtained ether carboxylate has a less odor and a high quality and is therefore suitably used in the applications such as cosmetics and toiletries.
摘要:
Phosphoric acid esters represented by the following formulae (I) and (IX) as well as processes for preparing them are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a linear or branched, alkyl or alkenyl group having a C.sub.1-36 carbon atom content, with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with fluorine atom(s), or a phenyl group with substituted linear or branched alkyl group(s) having a C.sub.1-15 carbon atom content, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having a C.sub.2-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently denote a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a C.sub.1-3 carbon atom content, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, or phenyl group with or without the hydrogen atom(s) being substituted with group(s) containing hetero atom(s), excepting for a mercapto group, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 independently denote a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, or alkenyl group, m is an integer of 0-30, n is an integer of 0-5, l is an integer of 0-3, M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, on ammonium group, an alkyl amine group, or an alkanol amine group. The phosphoric acid ester have outstanding surface activity and good foaming capability, and imparts only extremely low irritation to the skin. The detergent composition into which they are formulated is particularly useful as, shampoo, baby shampoo, body shampoo.