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公开(公告)号：US20240007148A1
公开(公告)日：2024-01-04
申请号：US18322811
申请日：2023-05-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Jan Ellenbeck , Stefan Meyer , Bertram R Gunzelmann
CPC classification number: H04B7/04013 , H04B7/06952
Abstract: A user equipment (UE) device may communicate with a wireless access point (AP) via reflection off a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS may begin to sweep antenna elements over one or more sets of signal beams beginning at an initial time while reflecting signals transmitted by the AP. The UE may record times at which the UE receives reference signals reflected by the RIS. The UE may select an optimal signal beam of the RIS based on the time periods between the initial time and the times at which the reference signals were received. The UE may inform the AP of the optimal signal beam and the RIS may use the optimal signal beam to reflect wireless data between the AP and the UE. Multiple signal beam sweeps may eliminate uncertainty or ambiguity in signal beam selection associated with timing drift or offsets between the RIS and the UE.
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公开(公告)号：US20230086182A1
公开(公告)日：2023-03-23
申请号：US17830087
申请日：2022-06-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Zdravko Boos , Alfredo Bismuto , Bertram R Gunzelmann
Abstract: An electronic device may include wireless circuitry clocked using an electro-optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) having primary and secondary lasers. A frequency-locked loop (FLL) path and a phase-locked loop (PLL) path may couple an output of the secondary laser to its input. A photodiode may generate a photodiode signal based on the laser output. A digital-to-time converter (DTC) may generate a reference signal. The FLL path may coarsely tune the secondary laser based on the photodiode signal until the secondary laser is frequency locked. Then, the PLL path may finely tune the secondary laser based on the reference signal and the photodiode signal until the phase of the secondary laser is locked to the primary laser. The photodiode signal may be subsampled on the PLL path. This may allow the OPLL to generate optical local oscillator signals with minimal jitter and phase noise.
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公开(公告)号：US12231171B2
公开(公告)日：2025-02-18
申请号：US17895860
申请日：2022-08-25
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Bertram R Gunzelmann , Ramin Khayatzadeh
IPC: H04B10/548 , H04B10/2575 , H04J14/02 , H04L27/26
Abstract: An electronic device may include an optical demultiplexer, optical combiners, optical paths between the demultiplexer and the combiners, modulators on the optical paths, and a symbol generator that generates a set of electrical OFDM symbols. The modulators may generate a set of optical OFDM symbols by mixing optical carriers with the electrical OFDM symbols. The combiners may generate an aggregate optical OFDM symbol from the optical OFDM symbols and may combine the aggregate optical OFDM symbol with an optical local oscillator signal. The aggregate optical OFDM symbol may exhibit a large bandwidth. The combiners may illuminate a photodiode, which produces current on an antenna resonating element that radiates a radio-frequency signal at frequencies greater than 100 GHz.
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公开(公告)号：US11956023B2
公开(公告)日：2024-04-09
申请号：US17827329
申请日：2022-05-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Bertram R Gunzelmann
CPC classification number: H04B10/6162 , H01Q9/065 , H04B2210/006
Abstract: A first device may generate optical signals of different polarizations. Photodiodes may use the optical signals to transmit wireless signals at different polarizations and at a frequency greater than 100 GHz using the optical signals. A second device may receive the wireless signals and may convert the wireless signals into optical signals. A Stokes vector receiver on the second device may generate Stokes vectors based on the optical signals. Control circuitry on the second device may use the Stokes vectors generated for a series of training data in the wireless signals to generate a rotation matrix that characterizes polarization rotation between the first and second devices. The control circuitry may multiply wireless data in subsequently received wireless signals by the rotation matrix to mitigate the polarization rotation and other transmission impairments while using minimal resources.
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公开(公告)号：US20230093054A1
公开(公告)日：2023-03-23
申请号：US17892849
申请日：2022-08-22
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Bertram R Gunzelmann , Nedim Muharemovic , Zdravko Boos
Abstract: An electronic device may include light sources that generate first and second optical signals. An array may include antennas arranged in rows and columns. First paths may be coupled to each row of the array and second paths may be coupled to each column of the array. First phase shifters may be disposed on the first paths and second phase shifters may be disposed on the second paths. The first phase shifters may apply respective phase shifts to the first optical signal to produce shifted signals for each row. The second phase shifters may apply respective phase shifts to the second optical signal to produce shifted signals for each column. Each antenna may convey wireless signals based on the shifted signals provided to its row and column. Sharing phase shifters in this way may allow the array to perform beam steering while minimizing the number of phase shifters.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US20240364318A1
公开(公告)日：2024-10-31
申请号：US18308221
申请日：2023-04-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Zdravko Boos , Andreas Menkhoff , Bertram R Gunzelmann , Nedim Muharemovic
CPC classification number: H03K5/01 , H03D7/00 , G04F10/005 , H03K2005/00078 , H03K2005/00286
Abstract: An electronic device may include wireless circuitry that conveys wireless signals and that is clocked using clocking circuitry. The clocking circuitry may include a signal source that generates a clock signal and a loop path coupled between the input and the output of the signal source. A digital frequency discriminator (DFD) may be disposed on the loop path. The DFD may include a digital delay and digital phase shifter coupled between an input converter and a digital mixer. The DFD may receive the clock signal and may generate a control signal indicative of phase noise of the clock signal. The DFD may feed the control signal back into the input of the signal source to mitigate the phase noise. The DFD may minimize phase noise of the signal source while minimizing space and power consumption on the device relative to analog frequency discriminators.
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公开(公告)号：US12068786B2
公开(公告)日：2024-08-20
申请号：US17944726
申请日：2022-09-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Bertram R Gunzelmann , Nedim Muharemovic , Zdravko Boos , Ramin Khayatzadeh
CPC classification number: H04B10/505 , H01Q3/2676 , G02F1/212
Abstract: An electronic device may include a receiver having a light source that provides an optical signal to an optical splitter. An optical combiner may be coupled to the optical splitter over a set of parallel optical paths. A phased antenna array may have a set of antennas disposed on the optical paths. Each antenna may include an optical modulator disposed on a respective one of the optical paths and an antenna resonating element coupled to the modulator. Incident radio-frequency signals may produce electrical signals on the antenna resonating elements. Optical phase shifters may provide optical phase shifts to the optical signal. The modulators may modulate the optical local oscillator signal using the electrical signals. The optical combiner may generate a combined signal by combining modulated optical signals from the optical paths. A demodulator may recover wireless data from the radio-frequency signals using the combined signal.
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公开(公告)号：US20240097744A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-21
申请号：US18464161
申请日：2023-09-08
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Ankit Bhamri , Danila Zaev , Bertram R Gunzelmann , Sharad Sambhwani
CPC classification number: H04B7/04013 , H04B7/0628 , H04B7/063
Abstract: A system may include an access point (AP), user equipment (UE), and a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS may include an array of elements coupled to adjustable devices controlled to cause the array to reflect signals in different directions. The RIS may be controlled in a first mode in which the AP controls the adjustable devices, a second mode in which the UE controls the adjustable devices, and a third mode in which the RIS controls the adjustable devices. The RIS, AP, or UE may determine which mode to place the RIS in based on a downlink signal transmitted by the AP, an uplink signal transmitted by the UE, measurements of the signals performed on the RIS, a first distance or round trip time between the AP and the RIS, and/or a second distance or round trip time between the UE and the RIS.
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公开(公告)号：US11923904B2
公开(公告)日：2024-03-05
申请号：US17827290
申请日：2022-05-27
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Bertram R Gunzelmann , Zdravko Boos
IPC: H04B10/116 , H04W28/02
CPC classification number: H04B10/116 , H04W28/0215
Abstract: An electronic device may include a photonics-based phased antenna array that conveys wireless signals at frequencies greater than 100 GHz. In a transmit mode, the array may transmit signals using the first and second optical signals. In a receive mode, the array may receive signals using the optical signals. In a passive mode, the array may reflect incident wireless signals as reflected signals. Photodiodes in the array may be controlled to exhibit output impedances that are mismatched with respect to input impedances of radiating elements in the array. Different mismatches can be used across the array or as a function of time to impart different phase and/or frequency shifts on the reflected signals. The phase shifts may be used to encode information into the reflected signals and/or to form a signal beam of the reflected signals.
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公开(公告)号：US11956059B2
公开(公告)日：2024-04-09
申请号：US17944935
申请日：2022-09-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Stefan Meyer , Jan K Ellenbeck , Bertram R Gunzelmann
IPC: H04B7/145 , H04B7/0426 , H04B7/06
CPC classification number: H04B7/145 , H04B7/043 , H04B7/0617
Abstract: A communication system may include an access point (AP), a user equipment (UE), and a communication path between the AP and the UE having a series of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS's). Each RIS may have a first beam pointing to a previous node and a second beam pointing to a next node in the communication path. Beams of routing RIS's and a beam from an end user RIS towards a last routing RIS may be set during calibration. The UE may perform beam discovery with the end user RIS. The UE and the AP may convey wireless data via reflections off each of the RIS's in the communication path. The beam of the end user RIS may be updated to track the UE device while the other the beams remain fixed. The beams may be calibrated using retroreflection and beam variation for each pair of RIS's up the communication path.
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