公开(公告)号：US20180003855A1

公开(公告)日：2018-01-04

申请号：US15703889

申请日：2017-09-13

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert T. ALOE ,  Sankalita SAHA ,  Stephen J. WAYDO ,  Daniel J. CULBERT

IPC: G01V8/12 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/00

CPC classification number: G01V8/12 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/681 ,  A61B5/6844 ,  A61B2562/0219

Abstract: Algorithms for detecting whether a device is properly secured to a user's skin are described. The operation of a device, such as a wearable device, can be adjusted based on whether the device is properly secured to a user's skin (e.g., on-wrist) or not properly secured to the user's skin (e.g., off-wrist). For example, certain functions can be disabled for power-saving, security or other purposes if the device is off-wrist. In order to avoid falsely identifying the device as off-wrist or on-wrist, algorithms for detecting whether the device is on-wrist or off-wrist can calculate one or more variances based on signals measured by a light sensor and compare the one or more variances with one or more thresholds. Comparing the one or more variances to the one or more threshold can improve the accuracy of wrist-detection algorithms.

公开(公告)号：US20170164884A1

公开(公告)日：2017-06-15

申请号：US15039392

申请日：2013-12-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Daniel J. CULBERT ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/20 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/087

Abstract: A photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal may be obtained from a pulse oximeter, which employs a light emitter and a light sensor to measure the perfusion of blood to the skin of a user, and multiple wavelengths of light may be employed. For various wavelengths, relatively long wavelengths may interrogate relatively deep blood vessels in comparison to relatively short wavelengths, which may interrogate relatively shallow blood vessels. Accordingly, for co-located emitters of different wavelengths, there may be a time delay in the pulse signal measured by each wavelength. The time delay as a function of time may vary according to the constriction and dilation of the blood vessels, which itself may vary according to the respiratory rate of a user.

公开(公告)号：US20160341600A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-24

申请号：US14845156

申请日：2015-09-03

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Robert T. ALOE ,  Sankalita SAHA ,  Stephen J. WAYDO ,  Daniel J. CULBERT

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01V8/12

CPC classification number: G01V8/12 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/681 ,  A61B5/6844 ,  A61B2562/0219

Abstract: Algorithms for detecting whether a device is properly secured to a user's skin are described. The operation of a device, such as a wearable device, can be adjusted based on whether the device is properly secured to a user's skin (e.g., on-wrist) or not properly secured to the user's skin (e.g., off-wrist). For example, certain functions can be disabled for power-saving, security or other purposes if the device is off-wrist. In order to avoid falsely identifying the device as off-wrist or on-wrist, algorithms for detecting whether the device is on-wrist or off-wrist can calculate one or more variances based on signals measured by a light sensor and compare the one or more variances with one or more thresholds. Comparing the one or more variances to the one or more threshold can improve the accuracy of wrist-detection algorithms.

Abstract translation: 描述用于检测设备是否被正确地固定到用户皮肤的算法。 可以基于装置是否适当地固定在使用者的皮肤（例如手腕上）或者不能正确地固定在使用者的皮肤（例如手腕外））来调节诸如可穿戴装置的装置的操作。 例如，如果设备是腕上的话，某些功能可以被禁用，以节省电力，安全或其他目的。 为了避免将设备错误地识别为手腕外或手腕上的手段，用于检测设备是手腕上还是腕上的手腕的算法可以基于由光传感器测量的信号来计算一个或多个方差，并且比较一个或多个 更多差异与一个或多个阈值。 将一个或多个方差与一个或多个阈值进行比较可以提高手腕检测算法的准确性。

公开(公告)号：US20160296173A1

公开(公告)日：2016-10-13

申请号：US15038420

申请日：2013-12-30

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Daniel J. CULBERT

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/024

CPC classification number: A61B5/7214 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/02433 ,  A61B5/02438 ,  A61B5/02444 ,  A61B5/681 ,  A61B5/7278 ,  A61B5/7475

Abstract: A photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal may be obtained from a pulse oximeter, which employs a light emitter and a light sensor to measure the perfusion of blood to the skin of a user. However, the signal may be compromised by noise due to motion artifacts. That is, movement of the body of a user may cause the skin and vasculature to expand and contract, introducing noise to the signal. To address the presence of motion artifacts, examples of the present disclosure can receive light information from two light sensors situated in a line parallel to the direction of the blood pulse wave. The light information from each sensor may include the same noise signal, and thus subtracting one from the other can result in a heart rate signal where the noise has been canceled out. In some examples, a signal from one of the light sensors may be multiplied by a scaling factor before cancellation to account for response differences in each light sensor.

Abstract translation: 可以从使用光发射器和光传感器的脉搏血氧计获得光谱体积图（PPG）信号，以测量血液对使用者皮肤的灌注。 然而，由于运动伪影，该信号可能被噪声所损害。 也就是说，使用者身体的运动可能导致皮肤和脉管系统膨胀和收缩，从而将信号引入噪声。 为了解决运动假象的存在，本公开的示例可以从位于与血液脉冲波的方向平行的线中的两个光传感器接收光信息。 来自每个传感器的光信息可以包括相同的噪声信号，并且因此从另一个传感器减去一个可以导致噪声被抵消的心率信号。 在一些示例中，来自一个光传感器的信号可以在抵消之前乘以缩放因子，以考虑每个光传感器中的响应差异。

公开(公告)号：US20160296142A1

公开(公告)日：2016-10-13

申请号：US15038419

申请日：2013-12-30

Applicant: APPLE INC

Inventor： Daniel J. CULBERT

IPC: A61B5/117 ,  G06F21/32 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G06F3/01 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/1171 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/02438 ,  A61B5/117 ,  A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B5/6898 ,  A61B5/7246 ,  G06F3/017 ,  G06F21/32 ,  G06K9/00355 ,  G06K9/00885 ,  G06K2009/00939

Abstract: A light emitter and light sensor pair can be used to determine one or more characteristics of a user's vasculature. For example, a pulse oximeter employs a light emitter and a light sensor to measure the percentage of oxygenated blood in a subject. In examples of the present disclosure, light emitters and light Receive motion sensors can be used to perform biometric identification information of a user based on identifying characteristics of the user's vasculature. For example, light information can be obtained at one or more light sensors, and the information information can be compared to stored information associated with a user identity. Based on the comparison, the user of the device can be identified as having the user identity.

Abstract translation: 光发射器和光传感器对可用于确定用户脉管系统的一个或多个特性。 例如，脉搏血氧计采用光发射器和光传感器来测量受试者中含氧血液的百分比。 在本公开的示例中，发光器和光接收运动传感器可以用于基于识别用户脉管系统的特征来执行用户的生物识别信息。 例如，可以在一个或多个光传感器处获得光信息，并且可以将信息信息与与用户身份相关联的存储信息进行比较。 基于该比较，可以将该设备的用户识别为具有用户身份。

公开(公告)号：US20160051201A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-25

申请号：US14466890

申请日：2014-08-22

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ehsan MAANI ,  Daniel J. CULBERT ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/0205

CPC classification number: A61B5/721 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/725 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  A61B5/7278 ,  A61B2560/0493 ,  A61B2562/0219

Abstract: A device for determining a heart rate of a user has a PPG sensor and an accelerometer to compensate for acceleration artifacts within the PPG signal. The device transforms time domain PPG and accelerometer signals into the frequency domain using a Fourier transformation and utilizes the Fourier coefficient magnitudes as indicative of the probability of candidate heart rate values. Candidate heart rate values are determined at sampling times over a time interval and a most probable heart rate path during the time interval is determined using a reward/penalty algorithm.

Abstract translation: 用于确定用户心率的装置具有PPG传感器和加速度计以补偿PPG信号内的加速度伪影。 该设备使用傅里叶变换将时域PPG和加速度计信号变换到频域，并利用傅立叶系数幅度来表示候选心率值的概率。 在时间间隔内的采样时间确定候选心率值，并且使用奖励/惩罚算法确定在时间间隔期间最可能的心率路径。