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公开(公告)号：US5605632A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-25
申请号：US517389
申请日：1995-08-21
CPC分类号： C01G5/003 , B01J47/024 , G03C5/3956 , Y10S210/912
摘要： A silver recovery device (30) is described for removing silver from a silver-containing solution. The device (30) comprises an ion-exchange resin bed (34) and a pump (62) for directing the solution through the resin bed (34). The pump (62) is positioned downstream of the resin bed (34) and the resin bed (34) is held within a retaining space (36) of variable dimensions. Higher liquid flow rates are thereby achievable, without fluidization of the resin.
摘要翻译： 描述了从含银溶液中除去银的银回收装置（30）。 装置（30）包括用于引导溶液通过树脂床（34）的离子交换树脂床（34）和泵（62）。 泵（62）位于树脂床（34）的下游，树脂床（34）保持在可变尺寸的保持空间（36）内。 从而可以实现更高的液体流速，而不会使树脂流化。
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公开(公告)号：US5951844A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-14
申请号：US827639
申请日：1997-04-10
摘要： An apparatus for de-silvering silver-containing solutions comprises an electrolytic cell (10) having an anode (20), a cathode (30) and a reference electrode (45) positioned adjacent the cathode (30), and electrical power supply control means (41) for controlling the supply of electrical power to the anode (20) and the cathode (30). Operation of the cell (10) is controlled potentiostatically while the current exceeds a certain threshold value and the current is controlled galvanostatically at that threshold (minimum) value in circumstances in which the potentiostatic control would result in a current below the threshold value. To this end, the power supply control means (41) includes means (60) for adjusting the cathode potential and control means (70) linked to said adjustment means (60) for controlling operation of the cell potentiostatically at a selected cathode potential, means for monitoring the current drawn through the cell during such potentiostatic control and for comparing such current with a threshold current, and means for controlling the cell galvanostatically at such threshold current value, means for switching from potentiostatic to galvanostatic control in response to cell current dropping below said threshold value, means for periodically re-establishing said selected cathode potential, and means for reverting from galvanostatic to said potentiostatic control in response to a cell current above said threshold value when said selected cathode potential is re-established.
摘要翻译： 含银溶液的脱银装置包括具有阳极（20），阴极（30）和与阴极（30）相邻的参考电极（45）的电解槽（10），以及电源控制装置 （41），用于控制向阳极（20）和阴极（30）供电的电力。 当电流超过某一阈值时电池（10）的操作被电位控制，并且在恒电位控制导致电流低于阈值的情况下，电流被恒定地控制在该阈值（最小值）。 为此，电源控制装置（41）包括用于调节阴极电位的装置（60）和连接到所述调节装置（60）的控制装置（70），用于以选定的阴极电位电位地控制电池的操作， 用于监测在这种恒电位控制期间通过电池吸取的电流并将这种电流与阈值电流进行比较，以及用于以这种阈值电流值恒定地控制电池的装置，用于响应电池电流下降而从恒电位转换到恒电流控制的装置 所述阈值，用于周期性地重新建立所述选择的阴极电位的装置，以及当所述选择的阴极电位被重新建立时响应于高于所述阈值的电池电流，从恒电流恢复到所述恒电位控制的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US5378340A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-03
申请号：US194014
申请日：1994-02-09
CPC分类号： C25C7/00
摘要： Silver is recovered from solutions containing the same, e.g. photographic processing solutions, in an electrolytic cell including an anode, a removable cathode and electrical connectors therefore on the exterior of the cell. The removable cathode is circular in configuration and encircles the anode. On the interior of the cell, electrical contact is made around the upper end of the cathode by means of an annular contact surface providing a large area of contact and minimizing the risk of occurrence of a corrosive connection. The upper end of the cathode is shaped for deformation, preferably in the form of castellations, and is clampingly pressed against the contact surface by a frusto-conical extension of the lid of the cell. The lid fits in threadwise engagement within the opening to the cell through which the cathode can be removed. As the lid is threaded into the cell opening, the frusto-conical extension thereof bears against the deformable cathode end portion and clamps the same against the contact surface. In this arrangement, the contact surface is situated above the level of the electrolyte in the cell so as to be protected against corrosion by the electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 从包含相同的溶液中回收银。 照相处理溶液在包括阳极的电解池中，可移除阴极和电连接器因此在电池的外部。 可拆卸的阴极是圆形的并且环绕阳极。 在电池内部，通过环形接触表面围绕阴极的上端进行电接触，提供大面积的接触并最小化发生腐蚀性连接的风险。 阴极的上端成形为优选为蓖耳形状，并且通过电池盖的截头圆锥形延伸部被夹紧地压靠接触表面。 盖子可以在通过阴极被去除的单元的开口内线性啮合。 当盖子拧入电池开口时，其截头圆锥形的延伸部分抵靠可变形的阴极端部并将其夹在接触表面上。 在这种布置中，接触表面位于电解槽中的电解质水平之上，以防止电解质腐蚀。
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公开(公告)号：US5370781A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-06
申请号：US194016
申请日：1994-02-09
CPC分类号： C25C7/02
摘要： An electrode for use in an electrolytic cell is disclosed, comprising a generally flat sheet (50) of flexible material having at least one electrically conductive surface. Upper and lower securing means are provided each comprising a tongue (55a,b) formed on one side edge (53) of the sheet (50) and a slot (56a,b) associated with an opposite side edge (54) of the sheet (50). The tongues and slots co-operate to enable the sheet (50) to be folded into and secured in an open frusto-conical configuration. This arrangement gives ease of removal from an electrolytic cell after use and advantages of requiring less storage and transport space in a flat configuration.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于电解池的电极，包括具有至少一个导电表面的柔性材料的大体平坦的片（50）。 上和下固定装置设置成每个包括形成在片材（50）的一个侧边缘（53）上的舌部（55a，b）和与片材的相对侧边缘（54）相关联的狭槽（56a，b） （50）。 舌和槽合作以使片材（50）折叠成开放的截头圆锥形构造并固定。 这种布置使得在使用后易于从电解池中移除，并且在平坦构型中需要较少的储存和运输空间的优点。
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公开(公告)号：US06299754B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US08651442
申请日：1996-05-22
IPC分类号： C25C120
CPC分类号： C25C1/20
摘要： An apparatus is disclosed for electrolytic desilvering of photographic processing solutions, more particularly fixing solutions or bleach-fixing solutions, comprising an electrolysis unit equiped with a monitoring system comprising a cathode, an anode and a reference electrode, characterized in that said reference electrode is a pH sensitive electrode. The desilvering is preferably performed under potentiostatic conditions. Whe using a pH sensitive reference electrode the cathodic plating potential is automatically corrected for pH changes. A preferred pH sensitive electrode is a glass electrode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于照相处理溶液的电解脱溶剂的设备，更具体地说是固定溶液或漂白剂固定溶液，其包括具有包括阴极，阳极和参考电极的监测系统的电解单元，其特征在于所述参考电极是 pH敏感电极。 脱银剂优选在恒电位条件下进行。 使用pH敏感参考电极，阴极电镀电位自动校正pH变化。 优选的pH敏感电极是玻璃电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5759377A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-02
申请号：US677197
申请日：1996-07-09
申请人： Guy Damen , Benny Jansen , Patrick Mertens , Werner Van de Wynckel , Paul Smet , Frank Michiels
发明人： Guy Damen , Benny Jansen , Patrick Mertens , Werner Van de Wynckel , Paul Smet , Frank Michiels
摘要： A silver-containing solution is de-silvered in an electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode. The diffusion limitation current density of the electrolytic cell is estimated by measuring a current flow there-through and silver is deposited on the cathode at a de-silvering current density which is lower than the diffusion limitation current density.
摘要翻译： 在具有阳极和阴极的电解池中，含银溶液被脱银。 电解池的扩散限制电流密度通过测量其上的电流流动来估计，并且银以比扩散限制电流密度低的脱银电流密度沉积在阴极上。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6083672A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US158881
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
发明人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
CPC分类号： G03C5/26 , G03C5/30 , G03C5/38 , G03C1/0053 , G03C1/035 , G03C5/16 , Y10S430/164
摘要： A method of processing an exposed black-and-white silver halide light-sensitive photographic material has been disclosed, said method comprising the steps of developing in a developer solution, followed by fixing in a fixer solution, comprising a hardening agent, preferably a compound providing aluminum ions, and wherein, in running equilibrium conditions, said fixer solution has a pH of at least 4.3, further adding to said fixer a fixer replenisher at a rate of from 0 ml/m.sup.2 up to 300 ml/m.sup.2 ; followed by rinsing and drying, wherein rinsing between developing and fixing is excluded and wherein an .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acid structure in an amount of from 0 to 3 g per liter is present in the said fixer solution while starting processing or in the said fixer replenisher, characterized in that said developing step is performed in a developer comprising, in an amount of from 5 g up to 100 gram per liter, a developing agent corresponding to the formula (I), a precursor and/or a metal salt thereof given in the detailed description and in the claims hereinafter. Most preferably 1-ascorbic acid, iso-ascorbic acid or (tetramethyl) reductic acid is used as a developing agent.
摘要翻译： 已经公开了一种处理暴露的黑白卤化银感光照相材料的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：在显影剂溶液中显影，然后固定在定影剂溶液中，其包含硬化剂，优选化合物 提供铝离子，并且其中，在运行平衡条件下，所述定影剂溶液具有至少4.3的pH，进一步向所述定影剂添加定影剂补充液，速率为0ml / m2至300ml / m2; 然后冲洗和干燥，其中排除显影和固色之间的漂洗，其中在开始加工时，所述定影剂溶液中存在0-3g /升的α-酮羧酸结构，或者在所述定影剂补充液中， 其特征在于，所述显影步骤在显影剂中进行，所述显影剂的量为5g至100克/升，对应于式（I）的显影剂，其中给出的前体和/或金属盐 详细描述和权利要求书中。 最优选使用1-抗坏血酸，异抗坏血酸或（四甲基）还原酸作为显影剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5895743A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US990088
申请日：1997-12-12
申请人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
发明人： Andre Roefs , Benedictus Jansen , Frank Michiels
CPC分类号： G03C5/3958 , G03C5/266 , G03C5/38 , G03C5/26 , G03C5/395
摘要： A method is disclosed of processing in a processor an image-wise exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material comprising the steps of developing in a developing solution and fixing in a fixer solution, characterized in that upon starting of the processing the said fixer solution comprises a mixture of a fixer starter solution and a fixer replenisher solution, in that said fixer solution is replenished with the said fixer replenishing solution and in that the said fixer starter solution is a developing solution.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在处理器中处理图像曝光的黑白感光卤化银照相材料的方法，其包括在显影溶液中显影并固定在定影液中的步骤，其特征在于，在开始加工 所述定影剂溶液包括定影剂起始溶液和定影剂补充液的混合物，其中所述定影剂溶液补充有所述定影剂补充溶液，并且所述定影剂起始溶液是显影液。
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公开(公告)号：US6102589A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US235317
申请日：1999-01-22
申请人： Frank Michiels , Benedictus Jansen
发明人： Frank Michiels , Benedictus Jansen
CPC分类号： G03C5/395 , G03C5/26 , G03C5/38 , G03D3/065 , G03D3/132 , C02F1/4678 , C02F2103/40 , G03C1/035 , G03D2203/0616
摘要： A method of processing an exposed black-and-white silver halide photographic film material, the method having the steps of developing in a developer solution, fixing in a fixer solution, replenishing of fixer and developer solution, rinsing in a washing solution and drying, characterized in that fixing is performed in one step and under such conditions that a "silver equilibrium ratio" of less than 2.0 is maintained, the said ratio being defined as the ratio between actual by the film material in the rinsing step through carry-over (cross-over) of silver from the fixing solution to the washing solution and amount of silver brought into the washing solution and the total amount of silver that theoretically could be brought into the washing solution by the film material by such carry-over; a "fixer to film silver ratio" of less than 0.2 is obtained, this ratio being defined as the ratio between silver content in "running equilibrium condition of the fixer" and amount of silver in the film material to be fixed in the fixing step, wherein said "running equilibrium condition of the fixer" is the condition attained after having replenished said fixing solution twice. By this method an ecologically favourable minimization of silver content in the washing solution has been obtained without impairing the processing speed, without enhancing processing costs and without excessive regeneration.
摘要翻译： 一种处理曝光的黑白卤化银照相胶片材料的方法，该方法具有在显影剂溶液中显影，固定在定影剂溶液中，补充定影剂和显影剂溶液，在洗涤溶液中漂洗和干燥的步骤， 其特征在于，在一个步骤中进行定影，并且在保持小于2.0的“银平衡比”的条件下，所述比例被定义为在冲洗步骤中由薄膜材料实际通过托盘之间的比例（ 交联）从固定溶液到洗涤溶液的银和进入洗涤溶液的银量和理论上可以通过这种携带被膜材料带入洗涤溶液中的银的总量; 获得小于0.2的“定影剂银膜比”小于0.2，该比率定义为定影步骤中要固定的薄膜材料中的银含量与“定影剂的运行平衡条件”中的银量之比， 其中所述“定影剂的运行平衡条件”是在补充所述定影液两次之后获得的条件。 通过这种方法，在不损害加工速度的前提下，可以获得洗涤溶液中银含量的生态有利的最小化，而不会增加加工成本并且不会过度再生。
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10.发明授权Processing of radiographic materials having emulsion grains rich in silver chloride 失效具有富含氯化银乳剂颗粒的射线照相材料的加工
公开(公告)号：US06066441A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US303545
申请日：1999-05-03
IPC分类号： G03C5/26 , C03C1/06 , G03C1/005 , G03C1/035 , G03C1/06 , G03C1/09 , G03C1/74 , G03C5/16 , G03C5/30 , G03C5/31
CPC分类号： C03C1/06 , G03C1/06 , G03C1/005 , G03C1/0051 , G03C1/0053 , G03C1/035 , G03C1/09 , G03C2001/03517 , G03C2001/03541 , G03C2001/091 , G03C2001/095 , G03C2001/097 , G03C2005/168 , G03C2005/3007 , G03C2200/01 , G03C2200/03 , G03C5/16 , G03C5/30
摘要： A method is disclosed of processing an exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having silver halide, coated in an amount, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate of less than 6 g/m.sup.2 comprising the steps of developing, fixing, rinsing and drying, making use in the developing step of an ascorbic acid type developer and of an equivalent developer replenisher providing a regeneration amount of less than 150 ml/m.sup.2, characterized in that the said material has a buffering capacity of less than 6 mmole/m.sup.2, wherein said buffering capacity is defined as the amount of alkali, expressed in mmole/square meter, required to bridge across pH differences between the material and the developer.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种处理具有卤化银的暴露的黑白感光卤化银照相材料的方法，其涂布量以等于数量的硝酸银表示，小于6g / m 2，其包括显影， 固定，漂洗和干燥，用于抗坏血酸型显影剂的显影步骤和提供小于150ml / m 2的再生量的等效显影剂补充液，其特征在于所述材料具有小于6的缓冲能力 mmole / m2，其中所述缓冲能力定义为桥接跨材料和显影剂之间的pH差异所需的碱量（以毫摩尔/平方米表示）。
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