公开(公告)号：US4829355A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-09

申请号：US942840

申请日：1986-12-17

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Paul de Groot ,  Claude Weisbuch ,  Guy Moiroud ,  Yves Henry

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Paul de Groot ,  Claude Weisbuch ,  Guy Moiroud ,  Yves Henry

IPC分类号： H01J1/34

CPC分类号： H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/3423

摘要： A photocathode having internal amplification includes a first electrode adapted for receiving a first voltage, and for transmitting received photons. An absorption layer is disposed adjacent the first electrode and comprises a P-type semiconductor material having a forbidden band of sufficiently small width to cause photons received through said first electrode to be converted into electron-hole pairs. At least one ionization-induced electron multiplication layer is disposed adjacent the absorption layer. Each such multiplication layer comprises two layers of N-type semiconductor material having respectively two different compositions at an interface therebetween. The two different compositions at the interface cause the multiplication layer, when biased, to accelerate the electrons received from the absorption layer to a degree greater than the acceleration provided to the holes received from the absorption layer. A second electrode is disposed adjacent the multiplication layer and receives a second voltage to cause the photocathode to be biased. In addition, the second electrode transmits the accelerated electrons received from the multiplication layer. An emission layer is disposed adjacent the second electrode and comprises a material which produces negative electron affinity to cause the accelerated electrons received from the second electrode to be emitted into a vacuum.

摘要翻译： 具有内部放大的光电阴极包括适于接收第一电压的第一电极，以及用于发射所接收的光子。 吸收层设置在第一电极附近，并且包括具有足够小宽度的禁带的P型半导体材料，以使通过所述第一电极接收的光子转换成电子 - 空穴对。 在吸收层附近设置至少一个电离诱导电子倍增层。 每个这样的乘法层包括两层N型半导体材料，它们之间的界面具有两种不同的组成。 界面处的两种不同组成在被偏压时引起倍增层，以将从吸收层接收的电子加速至大于提供给从吸收层接收的空穴的加速度的程度。 第二电极设置在相乘层附近，并接收第二电压以使光电阴极偏置。 此外，第二电极传输从乘法层接收的加速电子。 发射层邻近第二电极设置并且包括产生负电子亲和力以使从第二电极接收的加速电子发射到真空中的材料。

公开(公告)号：US4749903A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-07

申请号：US934481

申请日：1986-11-24

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Paul de Groot ,  Claude Weibuch ,  Yves Henry

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Paul de Groot ,  Claude Weibuch ,  Yves Henry

IPC分类号： H01J1/34 ,  H01J31/10 ,  H01J31/26

CPC分类号： H01J1/34 ,  H01J2201/3423

摘要： In one example of construction, a high-performance photocathode has the following structure:a transparent layer formed of P.sup.+ type semiconductor material having a forbidden band of sufficient width to ensure that this layer is transparent to the photons of the light to be detected;an absorption layer constituted by ten first sublayers formed of P.sup.+ type semiconductor material with a forbidden band of sufficiently small width to have two-dimensional electronic properties in order to achieve efficient conversion of the photons into electron-hole pairs and by ten second sublayers interposed between the first and formed of the same material as the transparent layer, the second sublayers being sufficiently thin to permit passage of electrons by tunnel effect and the thickness of the first sublayers being sufficient to permit absorption of the photons of all wavelengths of the light to be detected;a transport layer formed of the same material as the first sublayers;a layer of Cs+O for reducing the energy-gap potential so as to permit emission of electrons into vacuum.

摘要翻译： 在一个结构实例中，高性能光电阴极具有以下结构：由具有足够宽度的禁带的P +型半导体材料形成的透明层，以确保该层对待检测光的光子是透明的; 吸收层由由具有足够小宽度的禁带的P +型半导体材料形成的10个第一子层构成，以具有二维电子特性，以便实现光子有效转换成电子 - 空穴对，以及十分之二的子层，介于 第一层并且由与透明层相同的材料形成，第二子层足够薄以允许通过隧道效应使电子通过，并且第一子层的厚度足以允许所有波长的光的光子吸收为 检测到 由与第一子层相同的材料形成的输送层; 一层用于降低能隙电位的Cs + O，以允许电子发射成真空。

公开(公告)号：US4587426A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-06

申请号：US670552

申请日：1984-11-09

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Marc Arques

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Marc Arques

IPC分类号： G01J1/42 ,  G01J5/48 ,  H01L27/14 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/33 ,  H04N5/374 ,  G01J1/00

CPC分类号： H04N3/1512 ,  H04N5/33

摘要： In a device comprising N lines and M columns of infrared-sensitive photodiodes, the charges derived from the detectors of one column are integrated in a first series of capacitors. MOS transistors connect the first series of capacitors to a second series in order to produce a distribution of charges between these capacitors. MOS transistors mounted as emitter-followers read the level of charges within the second capacitors while integration of the charges takes place in the first capacitors of the detectors of the next column. The detectors and the remainder of the device are integrated on two different semiconductor substrates but the device as a whole is integrated in one cryostat having a single output.

摘要翻译： 在包括N行和M列红外敏感光电二极管的装置中，从一列检测器得到的电荷集成在第一系列电容器中。 MOS晶体管将第一系列电容器连接到第二系列，以产生这些电容器之间的电荷分布。 作为发射极跟随器安装的MOS晶体管读取第二电容器内的电荷电平，同时在下一列的检测器的第一电容器中进行电荷积分。 检测器和器件的其余部分集成在两个不同的半导体衬底上，但该器件整体集成在具有单个输出的一个低温恒温器中。

公开(公告)号：US06608311B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-19

申请号：US09869117

申请日：2001-06-25

申请人： Guy Roziere ,  Bernard Munier

发明人： Guy Roziere ,  Bernard Munier

IPC分类号： G01T124

CPC分类号： H04N5/378 ,  H04N5/365

摘要： An image detector using arrays of photodiodes, and in particular to a radiological image detector. In the image detector, all the photodiodes of one and the same array are linked to adapter amplifiers embodied in the form of at least one integrated circuit. In each integrated circuit, an adapter amplifier, to which no photodiode is linked, delivers a voltage serving as a reference to define a bias voltage to be applied to the photodiodes. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to associate photosensitive arrays with amplifiers exhibiting different voltage thresholds.

摘要翻译： 一种使用光电二极管阵列的图像检测器，特别是放射图像检测器。 在图像检测器中，同一阵列的所有光电二极管与以至少一个集成电路形式实现的适配器放大器相连。 在每个集成电路中，没有光电二极管连接到的适配器放大器传送用作基准的电压以限定要施加到光电二极管的偏置电压。 这种布置使得可以特别地使光敏阵列与表现出不同电压阈值的放大器相关联。

公开(公告)号：US06335958B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-01

申请号：US09623522

申请日：2000-10-03

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Guy Roziere

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Guy Roziere

IPC分类号： A61B603

CPC分类号： G01T1/17 ,  Y10S378/901

摘要： To solve a control complexity problem encountered with very numerous detectors of a tomodensitometer, there is provision to group the detectors into groups and to subject all the detectors of a group to the same processing. By way of improvement, the determination of the mode of processing is performed during a view, and the processing is applied to the signals detected during a subsequent view.

摘要翻译： 为了解决超声检测仪的非常多的检测器所遇到的控制复杂性问题，提供了将检测器组合成组并使组的所有检测器进行同样的处理。 通过改进，在视图中执行处理模式的确定，并且处理被应用于在后续视图期间检测到的信号。

公开(公告)号：US4609824A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：US670409

申请日：1984-11-09

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Marc Arques

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Marc Arques

IPC分类号： G01J1/42 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/33 ,  H04N5/374 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H04N5/33 ,  H04N3/1512

摘要： A photosensitive device for the infrared range wherein each detector is connected to a first and a second MOS transistor. The second MOS transistors are addressed, column by column, by a first shift register. The first MOS transistors are connected, line by line, to a charge storage capacity and to a third charge reading MOS transistor addressed by a second shift register. The whole of the device is placed in a cryostat which only has a single output.

摘要翻译： 一种用于红外范围的感光装置，其中每个检测器连接到第一和第二MOS晶体管。 通过第一移位寄存器逐列地寻址第二MOS晶体管。 第一MOS晶体管被逐行连接到电荷存储容量，并由第二移位寄存器寻址到第三电荷读数MOS晶体管。 整个设备放置在只有一个输出的低温恒温器中。

公开(公告)号：US4609943A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-02

申请号：US673423

申请日：1984-11-20

申请人： Bernard Munier

发明人： Bernard Munier

IPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  H04N3/14

CPC分类号： H01L27/14649

摘要： In a device photosensitive to infra-red radiation each infra-red detector is associated with means enabling the injection into a semiconductor substrate of a quantity of charges representing a function of the infra-red radiation received by the detector, and with means assuring the storage of these charges. The storage means of the detectors of one and the same line are joined via connections to charge reading means, common to the detectors of one and the same line, and which assure the column after column reading of the detectors by reason of a shift register which successively addresses the storage means of the detectors of one and the same column. The device as a whole may be integrated within a cryostat having a single high-level output.

摘要翻译： 在对红外辐射敏感的装置中，每个红外线检测器与能够将表示由检测器接收的红外辐射的功能的电荷量注入半导体衬底的装置相关联，并且具有确保存储的装置 的这些费用。 同一线路的检测器的存储装置通过连接到一个同一线路的检测器共同的电荷读取装置连接，并且由于移位寄存器而使检测器的列读数之后确保列 连续地对同一列的检测器的存储装置进行寻址。 整个装置可以集成在具有单个高电平输出的低温恒温器内。

公开(公告)号：US4097900A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-27

申请号：US751942

申请日：1976-12-17

申请人： Michel Moulin ,  Bernard Munier

发明人： Michel Moulin ,  Bernard Munier

IPC分类号： H04N3/10 ,  H04N5/30

CPC分类号： H04N3/10

摘要： A device for the line-by-line electrical analysis of an image. It comprises a piezo-electric medium associated with a semiconductor medium scanned by the interaction of two elastic waves propagated at the surface of the piezoelectric medium, and an electrode network. The electrodes are disposed on the semiconductor medium parallel to the scanning direction and each of which supplies an electrical signal the amplitude of which characterizes the luminous intensity of the elementary zones of the image.

摘要翻译： 用于图像逐行电气分析的设备。 它包括与通过在压电介质的表面传播的两个弹性波的相互作用扫描的半导体介质和电极网络相关联的压电介质。 电极平行于扫描方向设置在半导体介质上，并且每个电极提供表示图像的基本区域的发光强度的幅度的电信号。

公开(公告)号：US4085348A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-18

申请号：US750573

申请日：1976-12-14

申请人： Bernard Munier

发明人： Bernard Munier

IPC分类号： H04N3/10 ,  H01L41/04

CPC分类号： H04N3/10

摘要： A device for the electrical line-by-line analysis of an optical image in two dimensions. It comprises a piezoelectric medium associated with a semiconductive medium onto which the image is projected, and at least three transducers emitting surface elastic waves on the piezoelectric medium. Two of three transducers emit pulses in two separate directions, the convergence point of which constitutes a reading point of the image. This point moves as a function of time along a straight line which constitutes an analysis line of said image. The third transducer emits a long wave, the wave vector of which is such that the wave vector resulting from the interaction of the three waves is zero.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在二维方向上对光学图像进行电线分析的装置。 它包括与图像投影到其上的半导体介质相关联的压电介质，以及在压电介质上发射表面弹性波的至少三个换能器。 三个传感器中的两个在两个分开的方向上发射脉冲，其收敛点构成图像的读取点。 该点沿着构成所述图像的分析线的直线作为时间的函数移动。 第三传感器发射长波，其波矢是由三波相互作用产生的波矢为零。

公开(公告)号：US06337896B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-08

申请号：US09623523

申请日：2000-10-03

申请人： Bernard Munier ,  Guy Roziere

发明人： Bernard Munier ,  Guy Roziere

IPC分类号： A61B603

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  Y10S378/901

摘要： In order to solve an analogue/digital conversion dynamic swing problem encountered with detectors, especially solid-state detectors, of a tomodensitometer, there is provision to operate converters at a greater frequency, that is to say more often. In doing this, the converters used need not have as large a conversion dynamic swing. It is shown that instead of a 20-bit conversion, one can make do with a 14-bit conversion. The various conversions are added together to construct the signal. The measurement is thereafter switched, by way of improvement, as a function of the level of the signal received. This measurement is performed according to one mode of use or another, in which modes this acceleration of the rate of analogue/digital conversion is or is not effected.

摘要翻译： 为了解决一种模式/数字转换动态摆动问题，它遇到了一种测深仪的检测器，特别是固态检测器，所以提供了更频繁地操作转换器，也就是说更频繁地操作转换器。 在这样做时，所使用的转换器不需要具有如此大的转换动态摆幅。 显示了代替20位转换，可以做14位转换。 将各种转换相加在一起构成信号。 此后，作为接收信号的电平的函数，通过改进来切换测量。 该测量根据一种使用模式或另一种模式进行，其中模式/数字转换速率的加速是或不受影响的。