公开(公告)号：US5453691A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-26

申请号：US110030

申请日：1993-08-20

申请人： Bernd R. David ,  Olaf H. Dossel ,  Wilfried Edeler ,  Wolfgang Hoppe ,  Rolf U. D. Kobs ,  Johann E. W. Kruger ,  Kai-Michael Ludeke ,  Gert Rabe

发明人： Bernd R. David ,  Olaf H. Dossel ,  Wilfried Edeler ,  Wolfgang Hoppe ,  Rolf U. D. Kobs ,  Johann E. W. Kruger ,  Kai-Michael Ludeke ,  Gert Rabe

IPC分类号： A61B5/05 ,  G01R33/035 ,  H01L39/22

CPC分类号： G01R33/0354 ,  H01L2224/05553 ,  H01L2224/05554 ,  H01L2224/0603 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48092 ,  H01L2224/49175 ,  H01L2924/3011 ,  H01L2924/30111 ,  Y10S505/846

摘要： A miniaturized SQUID module (10), notably for multi-channel magnetometers, for measurement of varying magnetic fields in a field strength range below 10.sup.-10 T, includes superconducting and shielded connections between a SQUID chip (19) and a gradiometer (12). The module can be mounted in the lower part of a cryostat and enables a large number of measurement points per unit of surface area. The SQUID chip (19) is arranged on a fully shielded supporting plate (18) which has a width of only a few millimeters and which is provided with electronic circuitry (23), the SQUID chip (19) being connected in a superconducting manner, at least by soldering, to the wires (11) of the gradiometer (12) via a superconducting, solderable and bondable intermediate support (27).

摘要翻译： SQUID芯片（19）和梯度计（12）之间的超导和屏蔽连接的小型化SQUID模块（10），特别是用于多通道磁力计用于测量场强范围内的变化的磁场， 。 该模块可以安装在低温恒温器的下部，并可以在单位表面积上实现大量的测量点。 SQUID芯片（19）布置在宽度仅为几毫米的完全屏蔽的支撑板（18）上并且设置有电子电路（23），SQUID芯片（19）以超导方式连接， 至少通过焊接，通过超导，可焊接和可结合的中间支撑件（27）焊接到梯度计（12）的电线（11）。

公开(公告)号：US07567650B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-28

申请号：US10556612

申请日：2004-05-12

申请人： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd R. David

发明人： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd R. David

IPC分类号： H01J35/08

CPC分类号： H01J35/12 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

摘要： The present invention relates to an X-ray source for the generation of fluorescent X-rays. The X-ray source is realized by an electron source for the emission of electrons and a target which emits X-rays in response to the incidence of the electrons, the target comprising a ring-shaped primary target for the emission of primary X-rays in response to the incidence of the electrons and a secondary target for the emission of fluorescent X-rays in response to the incidence of the primary X-rays. To obtain an enhanced radiance, it is proposed that the primary target comprises a liquid metal channel arranged in a radial direction relative to a central axis, and that a liquid metal circulates in the liquid metal channel during operation of the X-ray source in the radial direction from an inner side to an outer side of the ring-shaped primary target.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于产生荧光X射线的X射线源。 X射线源由用于发射电子的电子源和响应于电子的入射而发射X射线的靶实现，靶包括用于发射初级X射线的环形主要靶 响应于电子的入射和响应于初级X射线的入射而发射荧光X射线的次级靶。 为了获得增强的辐射度，提出主要目标包括相对于中心轴线沿径向布置的液态金属通道，并且在X射线源的操作期间液体金属在液态金属通道中循环 径向从环状主要靶的内侧到外侧。

公开(公告)号：US07386096B2

公开(公告)日：2008-06-10

申请号：US10574452

申请日：2004-10-06

申请人： Peter Flisikowski ,  Joachim Meys ,  Werner Lesmeister ,  Bernd R. David ,  Peter Klaus Bachmann

发明人： Peter Flisikowski ,  Joachim Meys ,  Werner Lesmeister ,  Bernd R. David ,  Peter Klaus Bachmann

IPC分类号： H01J5/18

CPC分类号： H01J33/04 ,  G11B20/1883 ,  G11B2020/10944 ,  G11B2020/1288 ,  G11B2020/1896 ,  G11B2220/20 ,  G11B2220/2541 ,  H01J5/18 ,  H01J9/24 ,  H01J2235/082 ,  H01J2235/18

摘要： The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a window transparent for electrons of an electron beam (E), in particular of an X-ray source. In order to enable a less costly and elaborate manufacture of such a window and in order to prevent unwanted sharp edges in a window area which may damage the window foil (2), a method is proposed comprising the steps of:—providing on a surface (11) of a carrier element (1) to which a window foil (2) shall be a fixed a receiving area (13, 16) for receiving a soldering material (3) used for fixing said window foil (2) to said carrier element (1), said carrier element (1) comprising a through hole (12) for the transmission of said electrons (E),—covering said surface (11) having said receiving area (13, 16) with a soldering material (3) such that substantially only said receiving area (13, 16) is filled with soldering material (3),—placing said window foil (2) on top of said surface (1) and—heating said soldering material (3) for fixing said window foil (2) to said surface (11).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种制造电子束（E），特别是X射线源的电子透明窗口的方法。 为了能够实现这种窗口的成本更低且更精细的制造，并且为了防止可能损坏窗帘（2）的窗口区域中的不希望的尖锐边缘，提出了一种方法，包括以下步骤：提供在表面上 （2）的固定接收区域（13,16），用于接收用于将所述窗户箔（2）固定到所述载体上的焊接材料（3）的载体元件（1） 元件（1），所述载体元件（1）包括用于传输所述电子（E）的通孔（12）， - 用焊接材料（3）覆盖具有所述接收区域（13,16）的所述表面（11） ），使得基本上只有所述接收区域（13,16）填充有焊接材料（3）， - 将所述窗口箔（2）放置在所述表面（1）的顶部上并加热所述焊接材料（3）以固定所述 （2）到所述表面（11）。

公开(公告)号：US07483517B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-27

申请号：US10599792

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Hans Barschdorf ,  Bernd R. David ,  Axel Thran

发明人： Hans Barschdorf ,  Bernd R. David ,  Axel Thran

IPC分类号： H01J35/08 ,  H01J35/18

CPC分类号： H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

摘要： The invention relates to a device for generating X-rays (18) comprising an electron source (3) for emitting electrons accommodated in a vacuum space (2), a liquid metal circuit including a liquid metal for emitting X-rays as a result of the incidence of electrons and a pumping means (11) for causing a flow of the liquid metal through a constriction (7) where the electrons emitted by the electron source (3) impinge upon the liquid metal, and a radiation window (12) bounding said constriction (7), which is transparent to electrons and X-rays and separates the constriction (7) from the vacuum space (2). To provide a device for generating X-rays in which a cross-sectional area of the constriction substantially corresponds to an intended, desired cross-sectional area due to a self-regulating process without the need for external or additional components or electronics, it is proposed that said constriction (7) being bounded by a compensation window (13) opposite of said radiation window (12), which separates the constriction (7) from a pressure chamber (14) containing liquid metal provided by said liquid metal circuit via a connection (15), and which, during operation, has a profile (p′) as a result of a deformation caused by a pressure in the pressure chamber (14) different from the pressure in the constriction (7) which substantially matches a profile (p) which the radiation window (12) has, during operation, as a result of a deformation of the radiation window (12) caused by a pressure of the liquid metal in the constriction (7).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于产生X射线（18）的装置，该装置包括用于发射容纳在真空空间（2）中的电子的电子源（3），包括用于发射X射线的液态金属的液态金属电路 电子的发生和用于使液态金属流过其中由电子源（3）发射的电子撞击在液态金属上的收缩部（7）的泵送装置（11）和辐射窗（12） 所述收缩部（7）对于电子和X射线是透明的，并且将收缩部（7）与真空空间（2）分开。 为了提供一种用于产生X射线的装置，其中由于自调节过程而不需要外部或附加部件或电子装置，收缩部的横截面面积基本上对应于期望的期望的横截面面积，因此它是 提出所述收缩部（7）由与所述辐射窗（12）相对的补偿窗（13）限定，所述补偿窗（13）将所述收缩部（7）与包含由所述液态金属电路提供的液态金属的压力室（14）经由 连接（15），并且在操作期间由于压力室（14）中的压力而导致的变形的结果（p'），该压力不同于收缩部（7）中的压力基本匹配于轮廓 （p），其在操作期间由于收缩部（7）中的液态金属的压力而引起的辐射窗（12）的变形。

公开(公告)号：US20080285717A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-20

申请号：US10599792

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Hans Barschdorf ,  Bernd R. David ,  Axel Thran

发明人： Hans Barschdorf ,  Bernd R. David ,  Axel Thran

IPC分类号： H01J35/18

CPC分类号： H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

摘要： The invention relates to a device for generating X-rays (18) comprising an electron source (3) for emitting electrons accommodated in a vacuum space (2), a liquid metal circuit including a liquid metal for emitting X-rays as a result of the incidence of electrons and a pumping means (11) for causing a flow of the liquid metal through a constriction (7) where the electrons emitted by the electron source (3) impinge upon the liquid metal, and a radiation window (12) bounding said constriction (7), which is transparent to electrons and X-rays and separates the constriction (7) from the vacuum space (2). To provide a device for generating X-rays in which a cross-sectional area of the constriction substantially corresponds to an intended, desired cross-sectional area due to a self-regulating process without the need for external or additional components or electronics, it is proposed that said constriction (7) being bounded by a compensation window (13) opposite of said radiation window (12), which separates the constriction (7) from a pressure chamber (14) containing liquid metal provided by said liquid metal circuit via a connection (15), and which, during operation, has a profile (p′) as a result of a deformation caused by a pressure in the pressure chamber (14) different from the pressure in the constriction (7) which substantially matches a profile (p) which the radiation window (12) has, during operation, as a result of a deformation of the radiation window (12) caused by a pressure of the liquid metal in the constriction (7).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于产生X射线（18）的装置，该装置包括用于发射容纳在真空空间（2）中的电子的电子源（3），包括用于发射X射线的液态金属的液态金属电路 电子的发生和用于使液态金属流过其中由电子源（3）发射的电子撞击在液态金属上的收缩部（7）的泵送装置（11）和辐射窗（12） 所述收缩部（7）对于电子和X射线是透明的，并且将收缩部（7）与真空空间（2）分开。 为了提供一种用于产生X射线的装置，其中由于自调节过程而不需要外部或附加部件或电子装置，收缩部的横截面面积基本上对应于期望的期望的横截面面积，因此它是 提出所述收缩部（7）由与所述辐射窗（12）相对的补偿窗（13）限定，所述补偿窗（13）将所述收缩部（7）与包含由所述液态金属电路提供的液态金属的压力室（14）经由 连接（15），并且在操作期间由于压力室（14）中的压力而导致的变形的结果（p'），该压力不同于收缩部（7）中的压力基本匹配于轮廓 （p），其在操作期间由于收缩部（7）中的液态金属的压力而引起的辐射窗（12）的变形。

公开(公告)号：US20080069305A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-20

申请号：US10556612

申请日：2004-05-12

申请人： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd R. David

发明人： Geoffrey Harding ,  Bernd R. David

IPC分类号： H01J35/10

CPC分类号： H01J35/12 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H01J2235/082

摘要： The present invention relates to an X-ray source for the generation of fluorescent X-rays comprising an electron source (1) for the emission of electrons (6) and a target which emits X-rays (10) in response to the incidence of the electrons (6), said target comprising a ring-shaped primary target (2) for the emission of primary X-rays (9) in response to the incidence of the electrons (6) and a secondary target (3) for the emission of fluorescent X-rays (10) in response to the incidence of the primary X-rays (9). To obtain an enhanced radiance, it is proposed that the primary target (2) comprises a liquid metal channel (8) arranged in radial direction relative to a central axis (4), and that a liquid metal circulates in the liquid metal channel (8) during operation of the X-ray source in radial direction from an inner side (13) to an outer side (14) of said ring-shaped primary target (2).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于产生荧光X射线的X射线源，该X射线源包括用于发射电子的电子源（1）和发射X射线（10）的靶， 电子（6），所述靶包括响应于电子（6）的入射和用于发射的次级靶（3）的发射初级X射线（9）的环形初级靶（2） 的荧光X射线（10）响应于主X射线（9）的入射。 为了获得增强的辐射度，提出主要目标（2）包括相对于中心轴线（4）沿径向布置的液态金属通道（8），并且液态金属在液态金属通道（8）中循环 ）从所述环形主要靶（2）的内侧（13）到外侧（14）在径向方向上操作所述X射线源。