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公开(公告)号：US4656445A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-07
申请号：US876132
申请日：1986-06-19
CPC分类号： H01H3/222
摘要： A high speed contact driver for use in an electrical circuit interrupter includes a pair of series-connected, elongate and generally opposing electrical conductors bowed in predetermined, generally opposing contours. These conductors are connected to a bridging electrical contact which is normally biased into a bridging position between a pair of stationary contacts. Pulse generating means are provided for applying a current pulse of predetermined magnitude to the electrical conductors. In response to this current pulse, these electrical conductors electromagnetically repulse each other and drive the bridging contact out of bridging position between the stationary contacts.
摘要翻译： 用于电路断路器的高速接触驱动器包括一对串联连接的，细长的和大致相对的电导体，其在预定的大致相对的轮廓上弯曲。 这些导体连接到通常被偏置在一对固定触点之间的桥接位置的桥接电触头。 提供了脉冲发生装置，用于向电导体施加预定幅度的电流脉冲。 响应于该电流脉冲，这些电导体电磁地相互斥力并驱动桥接接触离开固定触点之间的桥接位置。
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公开(公告)号：US4725701A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-16
申请号：US020420
申请日：1987-03-02
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
摘要： A solid state switch connected across a pair of separable contacts for eliminating arcing across the contacts allows the contacts and the contact driver to be enclosed within an evacuated envelope. The vacuum environment allows the use of an inexpensive, highly conductive contact material, such as copper, without fear of chemical reaction.
摘要翻译： 连接在一对可分离触点上的固态开关用于消除穿过触点的电弧，允许触点和触点驱动器封闭在抽真空的外壳内。 真空环境允许使用便宜的高导电性接触材料，例如铜，而不用担心化学反应。
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公开(公告)号：US4638244A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-20
申请号：US663644
申请日：1984-10-22
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
CPC分类号： G01R31/11 , G01R27/18 , G01R31/024
摘要： A circuit is employed to determine the presence of an open ground connection between a power source and a movable machine connected with the power source by means of a flexible cable. The circuit comprises a pulse generator for transmission of a pulse along the cable between the power source and the movable machine in combination with comparison means for determining whether the reflected pulse back along the cable from the movable machine becomes inverted upon reflection. The presence of a non-inverted reflected pulse indicates an open ground connection. Means are provided for disconnection of power between the power source and the movable machine upon the absence of receipt of an inverted reflected pulse along the connecting cable.
摘要翻译： 采用电路来确定通过柔性电缆在电源和与电源连接的可移动机器之间存在开路接地连接。 电路包括脉冲发生器，用于沿着电源和可移动机器之间的电缆传输脉冲，以及用于确定沿着来自可移动机器的电缆反射的反射脉冲在反射时是否反转的比较装置。 存在非反相反射脉冲表示开路接地连接。 提供了用于在不连接电缆没有接收到反转的反射脉冲的情况下断开电源和可移动机器之间的电力的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4609839A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-02
申请号：US656804
申请日：1984-10-01
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
CPC分类号： H04B3/54 , H04B2203/5416 , H04B2203/5425 , H04B2203/5483
摘要： A noise inverter circuit substantially reduces the effects of noise generated within power lines operating as a communication media. Input noise signals are clipped to reduce the noise wave amplitude and the peak amplitude is inverted to a value less than the signal amplitude. By limiting the positive rate of change of peak signal amplitude, the prevailing signal level is averaged over a longer time base than the duration of the noise wave.
摘要翻译： 噪声逆变器电路基本上减少了作为通信介质操作的电力线内产生的噪声的影响。 输入噪声信号被削波以降低噪声波幅度，并且峰值幅度被反转到小于信号幅度的值。 通过限制峰值信号幅度的正变化率，在比噪声波的持续时间更长的时间基础上平均主要的信号电平。
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公开(公告)号：US4598187A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-01
申请号：US674810
申请日：1984-11-26
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
摘要： A current limiting circuit breaker utilizes a first pair of contacts for carrying continuous current and controlled by an operating mechanism. A second pair of contacts is arranged on a pair of movable contact arms ahead of an arc chute for rapid repulsion under high current fault conditions.
摘要翻译： 限流断路器利用第一对触点来承载连续电流并由操作机构控制。 第二对触点设置在电弧槽前面的一对可动接触臂上，用于在高电流故障条件下快速排斥。
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6.发明授权Power line communication over ground and neutral conductors of plural residential branch circuits 失效电力线通信在多个住宅分支电路的地面和中性导体
公开(公告)号：US4408186A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-04
申请号：US231632
申请日：1981-02-04
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
CPC分类号： H04B3/54 , H04B2203/5458 , H04B2203/5466
摘要： Power line communication over plural residential branch circuits is accommodated by creating a signal coupling inductive impedance in a tie conductor electrically interconnecting the grounded neutral bus, to which the branch circuit neutral conductors are commonly terminated, and a ground bus commonly terminating the branch circuit ground conductors, such as to support voltage signals propagating on the ground conductors with respect to the neutral conductors of the branch circuits. This inductive impedance is created either by a signal coupling transformer linked with the tie conductor and driven by a signal transmitter, with signal receivers capacitively coupled across the branch circuit neutral and ground conductors, or is of a passive nature, with both transmitters and receivers capacitively coupled across the branch circuit ground and neutral conductors.
摘要翻译： 在多个住宅分支电路中的电力线通信通过在连接导体中的信号耦合电感阻抗来实现，该导线将互连中性线路中的中性线路共同端接的接地中性线路与通常端接分支电路接地导体的接地母线 ，以支持相对于分支电路的中性导体在接地导体上传播的电压信号。 这种电感阻抗是通过与导线连接并由信号发射器驱动的信号耦合变压器产生的，信号接收器电容耦合在分支电路中性线和接地导体之间，或者具有无源性质，发射机和接收机都具有电容性 耦合在分支电路接地和中性导体之间。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4345289A
公开(公告)日：1982-08-17
申请号：US260512
申请日：1981-05-04
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
摘要： A fault signal integrating capacitor and a comparator responsive to an integrated fault signal voltage are connected in feedback circuit fashion such as to provide for the generation of a succession of thyristor gate triggering pulses to insure reliable current activation of a trip solenoid acting to effect separation of circuit interrupting contacts.
摘要翻译： 响应于集成的故障信号电压的故障信号积分电容器和比较器以反馈电路的方式连接，以便提供一系列可控硅栅极触发脉冲的产生，以确保跳闸螺线管的可靠电流激活，以实现分离 电路中断触点。
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公开(公告)号：US4168514A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-18
申请号：US861233
申请日：1977-12-16
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
CPC分类号： H01C7/12 , H01H83/10 , H02H3/10 , H02H7/008 , H01H2089/005
摘要： A conventional automatic electric circuit breaker is combined with a varistor to provide both overcurrent and overvoltage circuit protection. The varistor is connected between the load end of the circuit breaker and neutral to shunt to ground the currents associated with lightning induced voltage surges. As a fail-safe feature, abnormal leakage current drawn by the varistor under normal line voltage conditions directly and/or indirectly heats the thermal element of the breaker trip unit, ultimately tripping the breaker.
摘要翻译： 常规的自动断路器与变阻器组合，提供过电流和过压电路保护。 变阻器连接在断路器的负载端和中性点之间，以分流与雷电感应电压相关的电流。 作为故障安全功能，在正常线路电压条件下由压敏电阻引起的异常泄漏电流直接和/或间接加热断路器跳闸单元的热元件，最终使断路器跳闸。
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公开(公告)号：US4700256A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-13
申请号：US874965
申请日：1986-06-16
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
CPC分类号： H01H9/542 , H01H2009/543 , H01H2009/546
摘要： A solid state current limiting circuit interrupter for the arcless interruption of current through a protected circuit includes a pair of mechanically switched contacts electrically connected in series between the power source and the protected load. A solid state switch becomes electrically connected in parallel across the contacts when the contacts are opened to transfer the current to the solid state switch in a first state of voltage drop lower than arc voltage, and then in a second state of voltage drop higher than power source voltage in which stored energy is dissipated and current is forced to drop to zero to interrupt the circuit.
摘要翻译： 用于无弧中断通过受保护电路的电流的固态限流电路中断器包括一对电连接在电源和受保护负载之间的机械开关触点。 当触点断开时，固态开关并联地电连接到触点上，以将电流传送到固态开关，使其处于低于电弧电压的第一降压状态，然后处于高于功率的第二降压状态 其中存储的能量被耗散并且电流被迫下降到零以中断电路的源电压。
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公开(公告)号：US4667071A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-19
申请号：US770931
申请日：1985-08-30
申请人： Edward K. Howell
发明人： Edward K. Howell
摘要： A solid state switch connected across a pair of separable contacts for eliminating arcing across the contacts allows the contacts and the contact driver to be enclosed within an evacuated envelope. The vacuum environment allows the use of an inexpensive, highly conductive contact material, such as copper, without fear of chemical reaction.
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