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公开(公告)号：US4888258A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-19
申请号：US169419
申请日：1988-03-17
CPC分类号： H01M10/0562 , H01M10/05 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/40 , H01M6/14 , H01M6/18 , H01M6/24 , H01M2004/027 , H01M2300/002 , H01M2300/0025 , H01M2300/0068 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M4/405
摘要： An anode material comprising a solid solution of lithium metal and lithium nitride can be used in lithium-based electrochemical cells. The anode material can incorporate lithium alloys, carbon and polymeric materials.
摘要翻译： 包含锂金属和氮化锂的固溶体的负极材料可用于锂基电化学电池。 阳极材料可以掺入锂合金，碳和聚合材料。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5709789A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-20
申请号：US734858
申请日：1996-10-23
CPC分类号： C01B21/1445 , B01D61/445 , C25B1/00
摘要： The present invention relates to a method of preparing hydroxylamine in an electrochemical cell, comprising the steps of: providing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, a bipolar membrane positioned between the anode and the cathode, the bipolar membrane having an anion selective side facing the anode and a cation selective side facing the cathode, and a divider positioned between the bipolar membrane and the anode, thereby defining a feed compartment on the cation selective side of the bipolar membrane, a recovery compartment on the anion selective side of the bipolar membrane, and an anolyte compartment between the divider and the anode; charging the feed compartment with an acidic electrolyte and the recovery and anolyte compartments with a solution; introducing nitrogen containing gas into the feed compartment; passing a current through the electrochemical cell thereby producing hydroxylammonium salt in the feed compartment; transferring at least a portion of the hydroxylammonium salt from the feed compartment to the recovery compartment thereby producing hydroxylamine in the recovery compartment; and recovering hydroxylamine from the recovery compartment.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种在电化学电池中制备羟胺的方法，包括以下步骤：提供包括阳极，阴极，位于阳极和阴极之间的双极膜的电化学电池，双极膜具有阴离子选择侧 面向阳极和面向阴极的阳离子选择侧，以及位于双极性膜和阳极之间的分隔体，从而在双极性膜的阳离子选择侧上限定进料室，双极性阴离子选择侧上的回收室 隔膜和分隔器和阳极之间的阳极电解液室; 用酸性电解质对进料室充电，并用溶液对回收和阳极电解液室进行充电; 将含氮气体引入进料室; 使电流通过电化学电池，从而在进料室中产生羟基铵盐; 将至少一部分羟基铵盐从进料室转移到回收室，由此在回收室中产生羟胺; 并从回收室回收羟胺。
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3.发明授权Process for preparing organic and inorganic hydroxides or alkoxides or ammonia or organic amines from the corresponding salts by electrolysis 失效通过电解从相应的盐制备有机和无机氢氧化物或醇盐或氨或有机胺的方法
公开(公告)号：US5575901A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-19
申请号：US381318
申请日：1995-01-31
申请人： David R. Hulme , Hossein Sharifian
发明人： David R. Hulme , Hossein Sharifian
IPC分类号： C07C209/68 , C07C211/63 , C25B1/16 , C25B1/22 , C25B3/00 , C02F1/46 , B01D61/44
CPC分类号： C25B3/00 , C07C209/68 , C25B1/16 , C25B1/22
摘要： A process is described for preparing organic and inorganic hydroxides or alkoxides, or ammonia or organic amines from the corresponding salts in an electrolysis cell which comprises an anolyte compartment containing an anode and an electrolyte solution, a catholyte compartment containing a cathode, and an intermediate compartment containing a liquid wherein said intermediate compartment is separated from the catholyte compartment by an anion selective membrane and from the anolyte compartment by a cation selective membrane, said process comprising the steps of:(A) charging to the catholyte compartment, a mixture comprising an organic or inorganic salt or an amine salt, and a liquid selected from water or organic liquids provided that sufficient water is present in the catholyte mixture to form the desired hydroxide or amine, or sufficient alcohol is present in the catholyte mixture to form the desired alkoxide;(B) passing a current through the electrolysis cell to produce the desired hydroxide, alkoxide or amine in the catholyte compartment and an acid in the intermediate compartment;(D) recovering the organic or inorganic hydroxide or alkoxide or the amine from the catholyte compartment; and(E) recovering the acid from the intermediate compartment.The organic and inorganic hydroxides and alkoxides, or amines prepared by the process of the invention are characterized by improved purity, and production costs are lower than many other processes. The processes of the invention also are particularly useful for preparing higher molecular weight quaternary and tertiary ammonium hydroxides and alkoxides.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于在电解池中从相应的盐制备有机和无机氢氧化物或醇盐或氨或有机胺的方法，其包括含有阳极和电解质溶液的阳极电解液室，含有阴极的阴极电解液室和中间室 含有液体，其中所述中间隔室通过阴离子选择性膜从阴极电解液隔室分离，并且通过阳离子选择性膜从阳极电解液室分离，所述方法包括以下步骤：（A）向阴极电解液室中充入包含有机物 或无机盐或胺盐，以及选自水或有机液体的液体，只要阴极电解液混合物中存在足够的水形成所需的氢氧化物或胺，或在阴极电解液混合物中存在足够的醇形成所需的醇盐; （B）使电流通过电解池以在阴极电解液室中产生所需的氢氧化物，醇盐或胺，并在中间室中产生酸; （D）从阴极电解液室回收有机或无机氢氧化物或醇盐或胺; 和（E）从中间室回收酸。 通过本发明方法制备的有机和无机氢氧化物和醇盐或胺的特征在于提高纯度，并且生产成本低于许多其它方法。 本发明的方法还特别可用于制备高分子量的季铵和氢氧化铵和烷氧化铵。
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公开(公告)号：US5753097A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-19
申请号：US725626
申请日：1996-10-03
申请人： Hossein Sharifian , John E. Mooney
发明人： Hossein Sharifian , John E. Mooney
CPC分类号： C07C209/84 , B01D61/445 , C01B13/16 , C01D1/40
摘要： In one embodiment, the invention relates to a process for purifying solutions containing a hydroxide compound, including the steps of: (A) providing an electrochemical cell containing an anode, a cathode, a cation selective membrane and a bipolar membrane, the bipolar membrane having an anion selective side facing the anode and a cation selective side facing the cathode, wherein the cation selective membrane is positioned between the anode and the bipolar membrane, and the bipolar membrane is positioned between the cation selective membrane and the cathode, thereby defining a feed compartment between the cation selective membrane and the anode, a recovery compartment between the bipolar membrane and the cation selective membrane, and a water compartment between the bipolar membrane and the cathode; (B) charging a solution of an ionic compound at a first concentration to the water compartment, and water to the recovery compartment; (C) charging a solution containing the hydroxide compound at a second concentration to the feed compartment; (D) passing a current through the electrochemical cell to produce the hydroxide compound at a third concentration in the recovery compartment; and (E) recovering the hydroxide compound from the recovery compartment.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种用于纯化含有氢氧化物化合物的溶液的方法，包括以下步骤：（A）提供含有阳极，阴极，阳离子选择性膜和双极性膜的电化学电池，所述双极性膜具有 面向阳极的阴离子选择侧和面向阴极的阳离子选择侧，其中阳离子选择性膜位于阳极和双极膜之间，并且双极膜位于阳离子选择性膜和阴极之间，从而限定进料 阳离子选择性膜和阳极之间的隔间，双极性膜和阳离子选择性膜之间的回收室，以及双极性膜与阴极之间的水隔室; （B）将第一浓度的离子化合物的溶液装入水室，并将水加到回收室; （C）将含有第二浓度的氢氧化物的溶液装入进料室; （D）使电流通过电化学电池以在回收室中产生第三浓度的氢氧化物; 和（E）从回收室回收氢氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US5709790A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-20
申请号：US725609
申请日：1996-10-03
申请人： Hossein Sharifian , John E. Mooney
发明人： Hossein Sharifian , John E. Mooney
IPC分类号： C01B13/16 , B01D61/44 , C07C209/84 , C07C211/63 , C25B7/00
CPC分类号： C07C209/84 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/445
摘要： In one embodiment, the invention relates to a process for purifying solutions containing a hydroxide compound, including the steps of: (A) providing an electrochemical cell containing an anode, a cathode, a cation selective membrane and an anion selective membrane, wherein the cation selective membrane is positioned between the cathode and the anion selective membrane, and the anion selective membrane is positioned between the cation selective membrane and the anode, thereby defining a feed compartment between the cation selective membrane and the anion selective membrane, a recovery compartment between the cathode and the cation selective membrane, and a water compartment between the anion selective membrane and the anode; (B) charging a solution of an ionic compound at a first concentration to the water compartment, and water to the recovery compartment; (C) charging a solution of the hydroxide compound at a second concentration to the feed compartment; (D) passing a current through the cell to produce the hydroxide compound at a third concentration in the recovery compartment; and (E) recovering hydroxide compound from the recovery compartment.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种用于纯化含有氢氧化物化合物的溶液的方法，包括以下步骤：（A）提供含有阳极，阴极，阳离子选择性膜和阴离子选择性膜的电化学电池，其中所述阳离子 选择性膜定位在阴极和阴离子选择性膜之间，并且阴离子选择性膜位于阳离子选择性膜和阳极之间，由此限定阳离子选择性膜和阴离子选择性膜之间的进料室， 阴极和阳离子选择性膜，以及阴离子选择性膜和阳极之间的水室; （B）将第一浓度的离子化合物的溶液装入水室，并将水加到回收室; （C）将第二浓度的氢氧化物溶液加到进料室; （D）使电流通过电池以在回收室中产生第三浓度的氢氧化物; 和（E）从回收室回收氢氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US4931154A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-05
申请号：US380997
申请日：1989-07-17
申请人： Cecil H. Hale , Hossein Sharifian
发明人： Cecil H. Hale , Hossein Sharifian
摘要： A process is described for preparing metal borohydrides and onion borohydrides in an electrolysis cell which comprises an anolyte compartment containing an anode and a catholyte compartment containing a cathode, the anolyte and catholyte compartments being separated from each other by a cation exchange membrane which is effective at a pH below 7, said process comprising(A) charging an anolyte comprising an aqueous solution of at least one acid to the anolyte compartment;(B) charging a catholyte comprising an aqueous solutiuon prepared from a metal boron oxide or an organic onium boron oxide to the catholyte compartment;(C) passing a current through the electrolysis cell to produce the metal borohydride or an organic inium borohydride in the catholyte compartment; and(D) removing at least a portion of the catholyte from the catholyte compartment.In one preferred embodiment, quaternary ammonium borohydrides are prepared utilizing quaternary ammonium boron oxides in the aqueous catholyte and inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid in the anolyte solution.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于在电解槽中制备金属硼氢化物和洋葱硼氢化物的方法，该方法包括含有阳极和含有阴极的阴极电解液室的阳极电解液室，阳极电解液和阴极电解液室通过阳离子交换膜彼此分离，阳离子交换膜在 所述方法包括（A）将包含至少一种酸的水溶液的阳极电解液装入阳极电解液室; （B）将由金属氧化硼或有机鎓氧化硼制备的含水溶液的阴极电解液装入阴极电解液室; （C）使电流通过电解槽以在阴极电解液室中产生金属硼氢化物或有机硼氢化物; 和（D）从阴极电解液隔室除去至少一部分阴极电解液。 在一个优选的实施方案中，使用季铵硼氧化物在阴极电解液中和无阳极液中的无机酸如硫酸制备季铵硼氢化物。
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公开(公告)号：US4917781A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-17
申请号：US221720
申请日：1988-07-20
申请人： Hossein Sharifian , Alan R. Tanner
发明人： Hossein Sharifian , Alan R. Tanner
IPC分类号： C25B3/02 , C07C209/00 , C25B3/00
CPC分类号： C25B3/00 , C07C209/00
摘要： A process is described for preparing quaternary ammonium hydroxides of improved purity. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a process of preparing quaternary ammonium hydroxides from the corresponding quaternary ammonium salts in an electrolytic cell which comprises an anolyte compartment containing an anode and a catholyte compartment containing a cathode and water, said anolyte and catholyte compartments being separated from each other by a cation-exchange membrane, said process comprising the steps of(a) providing the catholyte compartment with a cathode of zinc, cadmium, tin, lead, or alloys thereof, mercury, or mercury amalgam,(b) charging an aqueous solution containing a quaternary ammonium salt to the anolyte compartment,(c) passing a current through the electrolytic cell to produce quaternary ammonium hydroxide in the catholyte compartment, and(d) recovering the quaternary ammonium hydroxide from the catholyte compartment.
摘要翻译： 描述了制备改进纯度的季铵氢氧化物的方法。 在一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种从电解池中相应的季铵盐制备季铵氢氧化物的方法，该方法包括阳极电解室，其含有阳极和含有阴极和水的阴极电解液室，所述阳极电解液和阴极电解液隔室为 通过阳离子交换膜彼此分离，所述方法包括以下步骤：（a）向阴极电解液室提供锌，镉，锡，铅或其合金的阴极，汞或汞齐汞，（b）充电 向阳极电解液室中含有季铵盐的水溶液，（c）使电流通过电解槽以在阴极电解液室中产生季铵氢氧化物，和（d）从阴极电解液室回收季铵氢氧化物。
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公开(公告)号：US5389211A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-14
申请号：US148925
申请日：1993-11-08
CPC分类号： C25B3/00 , B01D61/44 , C01B13/16 , C01D1/40 , C07C209/84 , C01P2006/80
摘要： Processes are described for preparing organic and inorganic hydroxides or alkoxides and for improving the purity of organic and inorganic hydroxides or alkoxides utilizing an electrolysis cell. For example, a process for improving the purity of an organic or inorganic hydroxide is described, and the process comprises the steps of:(A) providing an electrolysis cell which comprises an anolyte compartment containing an anode, a catholyte compartment containing a cathode and water, and at least one intermediate compartment containing water, an organic liquid, or a mixture of water and an organic liquid, said at least one intermediate compartment being separated from the anolyte and catholyte compartments by at least two dividers selected from nonionic dividers, cation selective membranes, or combinations thereof;(B) charging a mixture comprising the organic or inorganic hydroxide and an oxidizable liquid to the anolyte compartment;(C) passing a current through the electrolysis cell to produce a purified organic or inorganic hydroxide in the catholyte compartment; and(D) recovering the purified organic or inorganic hydroxide from the catholyte compartment.The process of the invention is effective in lowering the content of anions such as halide, nitrite, nitrate, carbonate, etc., some cations such as zinc, calcium, etc., and neutral organic materials such as methanol, amines, etc.
摘要翻译： 描述了制备有机和无机氢氧化物或醇盐的方法以及利用电解槽提高有机和无机氢氧化物或醇盐的纯度。 例如，描述了一种用于提高有机或无机氢氧化物纯度的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：（A）提供一种电解槽，该电解槽包含阳极电解液室，该阳极电解室含有阳极，含有阴极和水的阴极电解液室 以及包含水，有机液体或水和有机液体的混合物的至少一个中间隔室，所述至少一个中间隔室通过至少两个选自非离子分隔器，阳离子选择性的分隔器与阳极电解液和阴极电解液隔室分离 膜或其组合; （B）将包含有机或无机氢氧化物和可氧化液体的混合物装入阳极电解液室; （C）使电流通过电解池，以在阴极电解液室中产生纯化的有机或无机氢氧化物; 和（D）从阴极电解液室回收纯化的有机或无机氢氧化物。 本发明的方法可有效降低卤素，亚硝酸盐，硝酸盐，碳酸盐等阴离子的含量，一些阳离子如锌，钙等，以及中性有机物质如甲醇，胺等。
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9.发明授权Method for preparing organic and inorganic hydroxides and alkoxides by electrolysis 失效通过电解制备有机和无机氢氧化物和醇盐的方法
公开(公告)号：US5286354A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-15
申请号：US45819
申请日：1993-04-09
申请人： Allen I. Bard , Hossein Sharifian
发明人： Allen I. Bard , Hossein Sharifian
摘要： An electrolytic process for making hydroxides or alkoxides from the corresponding halide salts in a divided cell where the desired compounds are formed in the catholyte while the accumulation of halogen in the anolyte is effectively prevented throught the action of a reducing agent added to the acidic anolyte.
摘要翻译： 通过加入到酸性阳极电解液中的还原剂的作用，有效地防止在阴极电解液中形成所需化合物的分隔池中相应卤化物盐中的氢氧化物或醇盐的电解方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4938854A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-03
申请号：US276615
申请日：1988-11-28
申请人： Hossein Sharifian , Alan R. Tanner
发明人： Hossein Sharifian , Alan R. Tanner
IPC分类号： C25F1/00 , B01D61/44 , C07C209/84 , C25B3/00
CPC分类号： C07C209/84 , B01D61/44 , C25B3/00
摘要： A process for treating solutions of quaternary ammonium hydroxide containing latent halide to lower the latent halide content of the solution comprises the steps of(A) providing an electrolytic cell comprising an anode and a cathode wherein the cathode comprises zinc, cadmium, tin, lead, copper or titanium or alloys thereof, mercury or mercury amalgam,(B) charging a solution containing at least one quaternary ammonium hydroxide which contains latent halide into the electrolytic cell,(C) passing a current through the electrolytic cell to lower the latent halide content in the solution, and(D) recoverying the quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution from the electrolytic cell.
摘要翻译： 一种用于处理含有潜在卤化物的溶液的方法以降低溶液的潜在卤化物含量包括以下步骤：（A）提供包含阳极和阴极的电解池，其中阴极包括锌，镉，锡，铅， 铜或钛或其合金，汞或汞汞齐，（B）将含有至少一种含有卤化氢的季铵氢氧化物的溶液装入电解池中，（C）使电流通过电解槽以降低潜卤化物含量 在溶液中，和（D）从电解槽中回收氢氧化季铵溶液。
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