公开(公告)号：US07283851B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-16

申请号：US10992393

申请日：2004-11-17

申请人： Charles J. Persico ,  Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

发明人： Charles J. Persico ,  Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

IPC分类号： H04B1/38 ,  H04B1/16 ,  H04M1/00

CPC分类号： H04B1/1615 ,  H04B1/109 ,  H04B1/525 ,  H04B1/56 ,  H04W52/0254 ,  Y02D70/40

摘要： To reduce power consumption, receiver circuit blocks within a wireless device are biased with less current whenever possible while still achieving the desired performance. The receiver circuit blocks may include a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that generates an oscillator signal used for frequency downconversion of a received signal from the forward link, a low noise amplifier (LNA) that amplifies the received signal, and a mixer that frequency downconverts the received signal. The VCO may be biased with less current if phase noise performance is less stringent, e.g., when (1) the wireless device is not transmitting on the reverse link, (2) a large amplitude jammer is not detected, and/or (3) the received signal level is sufficiently high. The bias currents of other receiver circuit blocks may also be adjusted based on transmitter activity, detected jammer, and/or received signal level.

摘要翻译： 为了降低功耗，无线设备中的接收机电路块在可能的情况下以较小的电流偏置，同时仍然实现期望的性能。 接收机电路块可以包括压控振荡器（VCO），其产生用于从前向链路接收的信号进行下变频的振荡器信号;放大接收信号的低噪声放大器（LNA）;以及频率下变频的混频器 接收信号。 如果（1）无线设备不在反向链路上传输，则（2）没有检测到大幅度的干扰信号，和/或（3）如果相位噪声性能不太严格，则VCO可能以较小的电流偏置， 接收信号电平足够高。 其他接收器电路块的偏置电流也可以基于发射器活动，检测到的干扰信号和/或接收的信号电平进行调整。

公开(公告)号：US6166599A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-26

申请号：US330494

申请日：1999-06-11

申请人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Charles J. Persico

发明人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Charles J. Persico

IPC分类号： H03F1/32 ,  H03H11/28 ,  H03F1/26 ,  H03F1/30

CPC分类号： H03H11/28 ,  H03F1/3241 ,  H03F1/3258 ,  H03F2200/294 ,  H03F2200/372

摘要： Techniques to reduce intermodulation distortion at the output of an active circuit having even-order and odd-order nonlinearities. The IM3 products generated by the even-order nonlinearity of the active circuit are canceled against the IM3 products generated by the odd-order nonlinearity. The amplitude and phase of the IM3 products can be manipulated by adjusting either the source or load impedance, or both, of the active circuit. The amplitude and phase of the IM2 products generated by the even-order nonlinearity can be manipulated by adjusting the impedance of the active circuit at sub-harmonic and second harmonic frequencies (i.e., the frequencies of the IM2 products). The amplitude and phase of the IM3 products generated by the odd-order nonlinearity can be manipulated by adjusting the impedance of the active circuit at the fundamental frequency. By properly tuning or "matching" the impedance of either the source or load, or both, of the active circuit at either the sub-harmonic or second harmonic frequency, or both, the amplitude and phase of the IM2 products can be adjusted such that the IM3 products resulting from the even-order nonlinearity approximately cancel the IM3 product(s) resulting from the odd-order nonlinearity.

摘要翻译： 降低具有偶次和奇数非线性的有源电路的输出端的互调失真的技术。 由有源电路的偶次非线性产生的IM3产品与由奇数非线性产生的IM3产品相抵消。 可以通过调节有源电路的源或负载阻抗或两者来操纵IM3产品的振幅和相位。 通过调节亚谐波和二次谐波频率（即IM2产品的频率）上的有源电路的阻抗，可以控制由偶次非线性产生的IM2产品的振幅和相位。 由奇数阶非线性产生的IM3产品的振幅和相位可以通过调节基频的有源电路的阻抗来进行调节。 通过在亚谐波或二次谐波频率或两者中适当调谐或“匹配”有源电路的源或负载或两者的阻抗，可以调整IM2产品的振幅和相位，使得 由偶数非线性产生的IM3产品大致取消了由奇数非线性引起的IM3产品。

公开(公告)号：US07711329B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-04

申请号：US10792171

申请日：2004-03-02

申请人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Gary John Ballantyne ,  Charles J. Persico

发明人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Gary John Ballantyne ,  Charles J. Persico

IPC分类号： H04B1/44

CPC分类号： H04B1/525

摘要： An adaptive filter suitable for fabrication on an RF integrated circuit and used for transmit (TX) leakage rejection in a wireless full-duplex communication system is described. The adaptive filter includes a summer and an adaptive estimator. The summer receives an input signal having a TX leakage signal and an estimator signal having an estimate of the TX leakage signal, subtracts the estimator signal from the input signal, and provides an output signal having the TX leakage signal attenuated. The adaptive estimator receives the output signal and a reference signal having a version of the transmit signal, estimates the TX leakage signal in the input signal based on the output signal and the reference signal, and provides the estimator signal. The adaptive estimator may utilize an LMS algorithm to minimize a mean square error between the TX leakage signal in the input signal and the TX leakage signal estimate in the estimator signal.

摘要翻译： 描述了适用于在RF集成电路上制造并用于无线全双工通信系统中的发射（TX）泄漏抑制的自适应滤波器。 自适应滤波器包括一个加法器和一个自适应估计器。 夏天接收具有TX泄漏信号的输入信号和具有TX泄漏信号的估计的估计信号，从输入信号中减去估计器信号，并且提供具有衰减的TX泄漏信号的输出信号。 自适应估计器接收输出信号和具有发射信号版本的参考信号，基于输出信号和参考信号估计输入信号中的TX泄漏信号，并提供估计器信号。 自适应估计器可以利用LMS算法来最小化输入信号中的TX泄漏信号与估计器信号中的TX泄漏信号估计之间的均方误差。

公开(公告)号：US20050231297A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-20

申请号：US11066990

申请日：2005-02-25

申请人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

发明人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

IPC分类号： H03B5/04 ,  H03B5/12 ,  H03L1/02 ,  H03B5/00

CPC分类号： H03L1/023 ,  H03L7/099

摘要： A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in a battery-powered device, such as a cellular phone, can be configured to tune across a fairly wide frequency range using a relatively narrow control voltage range. The frequency response of the VCO can be temperature compensated by applying a temperature variable voltage source to varactors that form part of a VCO resonant circuit. The reference end of the varactor can be supplied with a temperature dependent voltage source that has a temperature dependence that substantially compensates for varactor temperature dependence. The temperature dependent voltage source can be a Proportional To Absolute Temperature (PTAT) device.

摘要翻译： 电池供电设备（如蜂窝电话）中的压控振荡器（VCO）可以配置为使用较窄的控制电压范围在相当宽的频率范围内进行调谐。 可以通过将温度可变电压源施加到形成VCO谐振电路的一部分的变容二极管来对VCO的频率响应进行温度补偿。 变容二极管的参考端可以提供温度依赖性电压源，其具有基本上补偿变容二极管温度依赖性的温度依赖性。 温度相关电压源可以是比例绝对温度（PTAT）设备。

公开(公告)号：US20050221790A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-06

申请号：US10992393

申请日：2004-11-17

申请人： Charles Persico ,  Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

发明人： Charles Persico ,  Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

IPC分类号： H04B1/10 ,  H04B1/16 ,  H04B1/56 ,  H04B17/02

CPC分类号： H04B1/1615 ,  H04B1/109 ,  H04B1/525 ,  H04B1/56 ,  H04W52/0254 ,  Y02D70/40

摘要： To reduce power consumption, receiver circuit blocks within a wireless device are biased with less current whenever possible while still achieving the desired performance. The receiver circuit blocks may include a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that generates an oscillator signal used for frequency downconversion of a received signal from the forward link, a low noise amplifier (LNA) that amplifies the received signal, and a mixer that frequency downconverts the received signal. The VCO may be biased with less current if phase noise performance is less stringent, e.g., when (1) the wireless device is not transmitting on the reverse link, (2) a large amplitude jammer is not detected, and/or (3) the received signal level is sufficiently high. The bias currents of other receiver circuit blocks may also be adjusted based on transmitter activity, detected jammer, and/or received signal level.

摘要翻译： 为了降低功耗，无线设备中的接收机电路块在可能的情况下以较小的电流偏置，同时仍然实现期望的性能。 接收机电路块可以包括压控振荡器（VCO），其产生用于从前向链路接收的信号进行下变频的振荡器信号;放大接收信号的低噪声放大器（LNA）;以及频率下变频的混频器 接收信号。 如果（1）无线设备不在反向链路上传输，则（2）没有检测到大幅度的干扰信号，和/或（3）如果相位噪声性能不太严格，则VCO可能以较小的电流偏置， 接收信号电平足够高。 其他接收器电路块的偏置电流也可以基于发射器活动，检测到的干扰信号和/或接收的信号电平进行调整。

公开(公告)号：US07164325B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-16

申请号：US11066990

申请日：2005-02-25

申请人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

发明人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Yue Wu

IPC分类号： H03L1/00

CPC分类号： H03L1/023 ,  H03L7/099

摘要： A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) in a battery-powered device, such as a cellular phone, can be configured to tune across a fairly wide frequency range using a relatively narrow control voltage range. The frequency response of the VCO can be temperature compensated by applying a temperature variable voltage source to varactors that form part of a VCO resonant circuit. The reference end of the varactor can be supplied with a temperature dependent voltage source that has a temperature dependence that substantially compensates for varactor temperature dependence. The temperature dependent voltage source can be a Proportional To Absolute Temperature (PTAT) device.

摘要翻译： 电池供电设备（如蜂窝电话）中的压控振荡器（VCO）可以配置为使用较窄的控制电压范围在相当宽的频率范围内进行调谐。 可以通过将温度可变电压源施加到形成VCO谐振电路的一部分的变容二极管来对VCO的频率响应进行温度补偿。 变容二极管的参考端可以提供温度依赖性电压源，其具有基本上补偿变容二极管温度依赖性的温度依赖性。 温度相关电压源可以是比例绝对温度（PTAT）设备。

公开(公告)号：US06765448B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10423261

申请日：2003-04-24

申请人： Yue Wu ,  Vladimir Aparin

发明人： Yue Wu ,  Vladimir Aparin

IPC分类号： H03B504

CPC分类号： H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1221 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B2200/0038

摘要： A self-biased voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that includes a VCO core including a plurality of switching transistors, a resonant tank circuit operatively coupled to the VCO core, a current source operatively coupled to the VCO core for supplying a bias current to the VCO core, and a biasing circuit operatively coupled to both the resonant tank circuit and to the current source. The biasing circuit and the switching transistors of the VCO core cooperatively function to bias the current source, whereby the VCO is self-biased.

摘要翻译： 一种自偏置压控振荡器（VCO），其包括包含多个开关晶体管的VCO核心，可操作地耦合到VCO核心的谐振回路电路，可操作地耦合到VCO核心的电流源，用于向VCO提供偏置电流 核心以及可操作地耦合到谐振回路和电流源的偏置电路。 VCO核心的偏置电路和开关晶体管协同工作以偏置电流源，由此VCO是自偏置的。

公开(公告)号：US09129220B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-08

申请号：US12831871

申请日：2010-07-07

申请人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Subramaniam Venkatraman

发明人： Vladimir Aparin ,  Subramaniam Venkatraman

IPC分类号： G06F15/18 ,  G06N3/04 ,  G06N3/063

CPC分类号： G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/0472 ,  G06N3/063

摘要： Certain embodiments of the present disclosure support implementation of a digital neural processor with discrete-level synapses and probabilistic synapse weight training.

摘要翻译： 本公开的某些实施例支持具有离散级突触和概率突触重量训练的数字神经处理器的实现。

公开(公告)号：US08618876B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-31

申请号：US12130729

申请日：2008-05-30

申请人： Junxiong Deng ,  Gurkanwal Singh Sahota ,  Prashanth Akula ,  Thomas Marra ,  Vladimir Aparin

发明人： Junxiong Deng ,  Gurkanwal Singh Sahota ,  Prashanth Akula ,  Thomas Marra ,  Vladimir Aparin

IPC分类号： H03F1/14

CPC分类号： H04B1/04 ,  H03F1/0261 ,  H03F3/24 ,  H03F2200/321 ,  H03F2200/336 ,  H03F2200/451 ,  H03F2200/537

摘要： An exemplary embodiment discloses a digital control block for dynamically regulating power consumption of the transmitter; and a first driver amplifier circuit comprising a plurality of bias-modes each corresponding to a power consumption level in the transmitter, the digital control block to instruct the first driver amplifier circuit to operate in a selected bias-mode to regulate power consumption of the transmitter.

摘要翻译： 示例性实施例公开了一种用于动态调节发射机的功率消耗的数字控制块; 以及第一驱动器放大器电路，其包括多个偏置模式，每个偏置模式对应于所述发射器中的功率消耗水平，所述数字控制块指示所述第一驱动器放大器电路以选定的偏置模式操作以调节所述发射器的功率消耗 。

公开(公告)号：US20120303566A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-29

申请号：US13115154

申请日：2011-05-25

申请人： Vladimir Aparin

发明人： Vladimir Aparin

IPC分类号： G06N3/08 ,  G06N3/063

CPC分类号： G06N3/063

摘要： Certain aspects of the present disclosure present a technique for unsupervised training of input synapses of primary visual cortex (V1) simple cells and other neural circuits. The proposed unsupervised training method utilizes simple neuron models for both Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) and V1 layers. The model simply adds the weighted inputs of each cell, wherein the inputs can have positive or negative values. The resulting weighted sums of inputs represent activations that can also be positive or negative. In an aspect of the present disclosure, the weights of each V1 cell can be adjusted depending on a sign of corresponding RGC output and a sign of activation of that V1 cell in the direction of increasing the absolute value of the activation. The RGC-to-V1 weights can be positive and negative for modeling ON and OFF RGCs, respectively.

摘要翻译： 本公开的某些方面提供了用于无监督训练初级视皮层（V1）简单细胞和其他神经电路的输入突触的技术。 提出的无监督训练方法使用简单的神经元模型用于视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）和V1层。 该模型简单地添加每个单元的加权输入，其中输入可以具有正值或负值。 所得的加权输入总和代表也可以是正或负的激活。 在本公开的一方面，可以根据对应的RGC输出的符号和在增加激活的绝对值的方向激活该V1小区的符号来调整每个V1小区的权重。 RGC-to-V1权重可以分别为ON和OFF RGC的正负值。