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    Production of fullerenes using concentrated solar flux
    1.
    发明授权
    Production of fullerenes using concentrated solar flux 失效
    使用浓缩太阳能通量生产富勒烯

    公开(公告)号：US6077401A

    公开(公告)日：2000-06-20

    申请号：US290538

    申请日：1994-08-15

    申请人： Clark L. Fields ,  John Roland Pitts ,  David E. King ,  Mary Jane Hale ,  Carl E. Bingham ,  Allan A. Lewandowski

    发明人： Clark L. Fields ,  John Roland Pitts ,  David E. King ,  Mary Jane Hale ,  Carl E. Bingham ,  Allan A. Lewandowski

    IPC分类号： C01B31/02

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B31/0206 ,  C01B31/0213 ,  Y10S977/735 ,  Y10S977/843 ,  Y10S977/844

    摘要： A method of producing soot containing high amounts of fullerenes comprising: providing a primary concentrator capable of impingement of a concentrated beam of sunlight onto a carbon source to cause vaporization of carbon and subsequent formation of fullerenes, or providing a solar furnace having a primary concentrator with a focal point that concentrates a solar beam of sunlight; providing a reflective secondary concentrator having an entrance aperture and an exit aperture at the focal point of the solar furnace; providing a carbon source at the exit aperture of the secondary concentrator; supplying an inert gas over the carbon source to keep the secondary concentrator free from vaporized carbon; and impinging a concentrated beam of sunlight from the secondary concentrator on the carbon source to vaporize the carbon source into a soot containing high amounts of fullerenes.

    摘要翻译： 一种生产含有大量富勒烯的烟灰的方法，包括：提供能够将集中的太阳光束撞击到碳源上的初级浓缩器，以引起碳气化并随后形成富勒烯，或提供具有主集中器的太阳能炉， 集中太阳光太阳光的焦点; 提供具有在太阳能炉的焦点处的入口孔和出口孔的反射次级聚光器; 在二次集中器的出口孔处提供碳源; 在碳源上供应惰性气体以保持二次浓缩器不含蒸发的碳; 并将来自二次浓缩器的集中的太阳光束撞击在碳源上，以将碳源蒸发成含有大量富勒烯的烟炱。

    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing facilities
    2.
    发明授权
    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing facilities 有权
    超加速自然阳光照射测试设施

    公开(公告)号：US06820509B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-11-23

    申请号：US10423314

    申请日：2003-04-25

    申请人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Gary J. Jorgensen

    发明人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Gary J. Jorgensen

    IPC分类号： G01N1700

    CPC分类号： G01N17/004

    摘要： A multi-faceted concentrator apparatus for providing ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing for sample materials under controlled weathering conditions comprising: facets that receive incident natural sunlight, transmits VIS/NIR and reflects UV/VIS onto a secondary reflector that delivers a uniform flux of UV/VIS onto a sample exposure plane located near a center of a facet array in a chamber that provide concurrent levels of temperature and/or relative humidity at high levels of up to 100× of natural sunlight that allow sample materials to be subjected to accelerated irradiance exposure factors for a significant period of time of about 3 to 10 days to provide a corresponding time of about at least a years worth representative weathering of sample materials.

    摘要翻译： 一种多面集中器设备，用于在受控的风化条件下，为样品材料提供超加速自然阳光照射测试，包括：接收入射的自然阳光的小面，透射VIS / NIR，并将UV / VIS反射到二次反射器上， UV / VIS到位于室内小面阵列中心附近的样品曝光平面，其提供高达100倍自然阳光的高水平的温度和/或相对湿度，允许样品材料经受加速辐照度 暴露因素在相当长的时间内约3至10天，以提供大约至少一年以上值得代表的样品材料风化的相应时间。

    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing
    5.
    发明授权
    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing 失效
    超加速自然阳光照射测试

    公开(公告)号：US6073500A

    公开(公告)日：2000-06-13

    申请号：US6746

    申请日：1998-01-13

    申请人： Gary J. Jorgensen ,  Carl Bingham ,  Rita Goggin ,  Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Judy C. Netter

    发明人： Gary J. Jorgensen ,  Carl Bingham ,  Rita Goggin ,  Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Judy C. Netter

    IPC分类号： G01N17/00

    CPC分类号： G01N17/004

    摘要： Process and apparatus for providing ultra accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing of samples under controlled weathering without introducing unrealistic failure mechanisms in exposed materials and without breaking reciprocity relationships between flux exposure levels and cumulative dose that includes multiple concurrent levels of temperature and relative humidity at high levels of natural sunlight comprising:a) concentrating solar flux uniformly;b) directing the controlled uniform sunlight onto sample materials in a chamber enclosing multiple concurrent levels of temperature and relative humidity to allow the sample materials to be subjected to accelerated irradiance exposure factors for a sufficient period of time in days to provide a corresponding time of about at least a years worth of representative weathering of the sample materials.

    摘要翻译： 在受控风化下提供样品的超加速自然阳光暴露测试的过程和设备，而不会在暴露的材料中引入不切实际的故障机制，并且不会破坏通量暴露水平与累积剂量之间的互惠关系，累积剂量包括高水平的多个并发水平的温度和相对湿度 自然阳光包括：a）均匀浓缩太阳能通量; b）将受控的均匀太阳光引导到包围多个同时水平的温度和相对湿度的室中的样品材料上，以允许样品材料在几天内经受足够的时间段的加速辐照度暴露因子以提供相应的时间 至少有一年价值的代表风化的样品材料。

    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing facilities
    7.
    发明授权
    Ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing facilities 有权
    超加速自然阳光照射测试设施

    公开(公告)号：US06604436B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-08-12

    申请号：US09521731

    申请日：2000-03-09

    申请人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Gary J. Jorgensen

    发明人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Gary J. Jorgensen

    IPC分类号： G01N1700

    CPC分类号： G01N17/004

    摘要： A multi-faceted concentrator apparatus for providing ultra-accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing for sample materials under controlled weathering conditions comprising: facets that receive incident natural sunlight, transmits VIS/NIR and reflects UV/VIS to deliver a uniform flux of UV/VIS onto a sample exposure plane located near a center of a facet array in chamber means that provide concurrent levels of temperature and/or relative humidity at high levels of up to 100× of natural sunlight that allow sample materials to be subjected to accelerated irradiance exposure factors for a significant period of time of about 3 to 10 days to provide a corresponding time of about at least a years worth representative weathering of sample materials.

    摘要翻译： 一种多面集中装置，用于在受控风化条件下为样品提供超加速自然阳光暴露测试，包括：接收入射的自然阳光的小面，透射VIS / NIR并反射UV / VIS，以将均匀的UV / VIS通量传递到 位于腔室装置中的小面阵列中心附近的样品曝光平面，其提供高达100倍的自然阳光的高水平的温度和/或相对湿度的同时水平，其允许样品材料经受加速的辐照度曝光因子 大概时间约3到10天，提供大约至少一年的相应时间值得代表的样品材料风化。

    Multi-facet concentrator of solar setup for irradiating the objects placed in a target plane with solar light
    8.
    发明授权
    Multi-facet concentrator of solar setup for irradiating the objects placed in a target plane with solar light 失效
    太阳能设备的多面集中器用于用放置在目标平面中的物体照射太阳光

    公开(公告)号：US06225551B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

    申请号：US09478879

    申请日：2000-01-07

    申请人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Vladislav Yampolskiy ,  Valerie Alekseev ,  Valentin Son

    发明人： Allan A. Lewandowski ,  Vladislav Yampolskiy ,  Valerie Alekseev ,  Valentin Son

    IPC分类号： H01L31052

    CPC分类号： H01L31/0547 ,  F24S23/70 ,  Y02B10/20 ,  Y02E10/40 ,  Y02E10/52

    摘要： According to the proposed invention, this technical result is achieved so that many-facet concentrator of a solar setup for exposure of objects, placed in a target plane, to the action of solar radiation containing a supporting frame and facets differing by that the facets of the concentrator are chosen with spherical focusing reflective surfaces of equal focal lengths and with selective coatings reflecting a desired spectral fraction of solar radiation, and are arranged on the supporting frame symmetrically with respect to the common axis of the concentrator, their optical axes being directed to the single point on the optical axis of the concentrator located before the nominal focus point of the concentrator and determining the position of arranging the target plane.

    摘要翻译： 根据所提出的发明，实现了这种技术结果，使得将放置在目标平面中的物体的曝光的太阳能设置的多面集中器实现为包含支撑框架的太阳辐射的作用和不同于 选择集中器具有相等焦距的球面聚焦反射表面，并且选择性涂层反映太阳辐射的期望光谱分数，并且相对于集中器的公共轴对称地布置在支撑框架上，它们的光轴被引导到 集中器的光轴上的单点位于集中器的标称聚焦点之前，并确定排列目标平面的位置。