摘要:
The invention relates to a method of producing color pastes, in which a component comprising colorant particles is dispersed in a binder. In the method of the invention the dispersing operation is controlled by beaming excitational light of a defined wavelength range into a mixture of the component comprising colorant particles and the binder, detecting the light transmitted, reflected and/or scattered by the mixture and determining a sample spectrum, evaluating the sample spectrum and hence determining parameters of the color paste, and monitoring changes in the sample spectrum over time and terminating the dispersing operation when predetermined target parameters are attained.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of producing color pastes, in which a component comprising colorant particles is dispersed in a binder. In the method of the invention the dispersing operation is controlled by beaming excitational light of a defined wavelength range into a mixture of the component comprising colorant particles and the binder, detecting the light transmitted, reflected and/or scattered by the mixture and determining a sample spectrum, evaluating the sample spectrum and hence determining parameters of the color paste, and monitoring changes in the sample spectrum over time and terminating the dispersing operation when predetermined target parameters are attained.
摘要:
A membrane module for hydrogen separation includes a stack of flat membrane packs disposed adjacent one another so as not to exert a force on one another and a rotationally symmetrical pressure shell enclosing the stack of flat membrane packs. A feed space for a reformate gas is disposed between every two membrane packs in the stack. Each membrane pack has a pair of membrane assemblies and a support structure disposed therebetween and each membrane assembly includes a hydrogen-selective flat membrane supported by at least one membrane frame.
摘要:
A moisture exchange module includes a bundle of moisture-permeable hollow fibre membranes. It is provided with a feedline for supplying a gas stream that flows through the hollow fibre membranes in an inner flow. According to the present invention, a separating device for separating out liquid particles from the gas flow are provided in the region between the feedline and the bundle of hollow fibre membranes. The separating device may have the form of a groove and are arranged in such a way that the gas flow is guided in such a manner that the centrifugal force assists movement of the liquid particles towards the separating device. The moisture exchange module preferably forms part of a fuel cell system to humidify feed air for the fuel cell system.
摘要:
An aqueous cadmium oxide paste of high flowability for the vibration filling of foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques is characterized by a cadmium oxide content of about 25 to 35% by volume, a pH of about 10 to 12.5, a content of about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, based on cadmium oxide, of one or more dispersants from the group comprising the water-soluble salts of polyphosphoric acids, di- and polyphosphonic acids and their derivatives, gluconic acid or of antimonyl tartrate. The paste has a plastic viscosity of about 0.1 to 1 Pa.s and also a yield value of between about 10 and 120 Pa. This cadmium oxide paste makes it possible to fill foam-structure and fiber-structure electrode plaques completely in one operation.
摘要:
A moisture exchange module has a bundle of moisture-permeable hollow fibre membranes and at least one line element for supplying a gas stream that flows through the hollow fibres in an inner flow. The at least one line element opens out into an inflow region, which is of at least approximately the same cross section as the bundle of hollow fibre membranes. According to the present invention, the at least one line element opens out into the inflow region at an angle of from 60° to 120° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bundle of hollow fibre membranes without the longitudinal axes of the one line element and of the bundle of hollow fibre membranes intersecting one another. An annular diverter means for diverting the gas flow are provided between the cross section of the line elements through which gas can flow and the inflow region. The diverter means are arranged in such a way that an annular gap is formed, which annular gap is connected to the at least one line element and, on its side remote from the bundle of hollow fibre membranes, is connected to the inflow region.
摘要:
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a moisture exchange module comprises a moisture-permeable hollow fiber membrane shell space with a bundle of moisture-permeable hollow fiber membranes being arranged in the shell space for receiving a first gas stream. A conduit member is coupled to the shell space for supplying a second gas stream for flow around the hollow fibers. Pursuant to a feature of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a mechanism is arranged and configured in the conduit member to produce a swirling motion in the second gas stream.
摘要:
An alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery in which the active material with which the negative electrode is filled with, or the electrolyte in the storage battery, contains polyvinylpyrrolidone as an expander. Polyvinylpyrrolidone compounds having a mean molecular weight of 5,000 to 35,000 g/mol have proved particularly advantageous.
摘要:
A nickel-cadmium storage battery with improved electrical properties is described in which one or more copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone is/are added as expander to the active material with which the negative electrode is filled or to the electrolyte. The polymers have a mean molecular weight of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, with a vinyl pyrrolidone content of between 5 and 95 mol-%. The copolymers are added to the active material or to the electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the active material. As a result of adding the copolymers, a malfunction-free operation of the storage battery is achieved, accompanied by a simultaneously equally as good degree of utilization of the cadmium active material compared with a storage battery which contains homopolymeric polyvinyl pyrrolidone.