Abstract:
Membrane-based vapor permeation system for selective removal of a vapor from a fluid feed stream, wherein a countercurrent sweep stream is used that has a particular partial pressure of the vapor to be removed.
Abstract:
A gas dehydration method and apparatus are disclosed which utilize lumen-side feed, hydrophilic polymer-inside-coated, thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes, the support fiber of which is highly permeable, such composite membranes being used in a module wherein the permeate flows countercurrent to the flow of the feed, and in which dried raffinate gas is mixed with water-containing permeate at a point opposite the feed end of the module.
Abstract:
A gas dehydration method and apparatus are disclosed which utilize lumen-side feed, thin-film which is highly permeable, such composite membranes being used in a module wherein the permeate flows countercurrent to the flow of the feed.
Abstract:
The process comprises delivering a spray solution comprising at least one solute in a solvent to a spray-drying apparatus, using a flash nozzle to atomize the spray solution into droplets within the spray-drying apparatus to remove at least a portion of the solvent from the droplets to form a plurality of particles, and collecting the particles. The spray solution is directed to a heat exchanger, thereby increasing the temperature of the spray solution to a temperature T2, wherein T2 is greater than T1. The flash nozzle comprises a central tube through which the spray solution is delivered and an outer tube through which a sweep gas is delivered. The central tube may have a first outer diameter at an inlet and a second outer diameter at an outlet, wherein the first outer diameter is greater than the second outer diameter.
Abstract:
A vapor permeation method and apparatus for removing a vapor from a vaporous feed stream, the method and apparatus utilizing highly solvent-resistant composite hollow fiber membranes and a permeate flow countercurrent to the feed flow, wherein the support of the composite membrane is formed by solution casting and has been rendered sufficiently solvent-resistant by a post-casting step to retain at least 20 of its burst pressure when soaked in the solvent used to cast the support.
Abstract:
A process for the dehydration of a vaporous mixture. The basic process involves directing a predominantly condensable water vapor-containing vaporous mixture against the feed side of a membrane while maintaining the feed near saturation without condensing it, directing a condensable vapor sweep stream past the permeate side of the membrane in a countercurrent flow, thereby transporting water vapor in the vaporous mixture from the feed side to the permeate side of the membrane to form a noncondensed combined permeate side mixture of condensable vapor and transported water vapor.
Abstract:
A process for the removal of at least one non-water vapor component of a vaporous mixture, the basic process comprising directing a vaporous mixture against the feed side of a membrane, directing a condensable vapor sweep stream past the permeate side of the membrane in a manner such that the flow of the condensable vapor sweep is substantially countercurrent to the flow of the vaporous mixture, thereby transporting at least a portion of at least one non-water vapor component of the vaporous mixture from the feed side to the permeate side of the membrane to form a combined permeate side mixture of condensable vapor and at least one non-water vapor transported component.
Abstract:
A spray-drying apparatus includes a drying chamber that has a first end, a second end, and at least one side wall extending between the first and second ends to define an interior of the drying chamber having a center axis. A nozzle can be positioned at the first end of the drying chamber and be configured to atomize liquid and spray the atomized liquid into the interior of the drying chamber at a maximum spray pattern angle relative to the center axis. A heating device can be provided to heat the liquid prior to introduction into the drying chamber.
Abstract:
A laser drilling system forms an opening in the coating of a pharmaceutical dosage form and includes an orienting assembly to correctly orient dosage forms, a debris removal assembly to reduce buildup of and reduce exposure to drilling debris and a quality control assembly to verify that the opening formed conforms to predetermined specifications.