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公开(公告)号：US07037617B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-02
申请号：US10224871
申请日：2002-08-21
IPC分类号： H01M2/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0208 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Electrical contact surfaces of a bipolar plate for a fuel cell assembly are formed of metals or metal alloys which when oxidized form highly conductive oxide passivation layers, thus maintaining high electrical conductivity and continuity through the fuel cell and forestalling corrosion failure of a cell assembly. Alloy composition systems such as, but not limited to, Ti—Nb, Ti—Ta, La—Sr—Cr, and La—Sr—Co are known to form oxide passivation layers which are highly conductive. The passivation layers may be formed in situ after assembly of a fuel cell or may be provided in an oxidative step during manufacture. The bipolar plate may be formed entirely of one or more of such alloys or may be formed of an inexpensive substrate metal having the alloy layers coated thereupon.
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池组件的双极板的电接触表面由金属或金属合金形成，当金属或金属合金被氧化形成高导电氧化物钝化层时，因此保持高电导率和通过燃料电池的连续性并防止电池组件的腐蚀破坏。 已知合金组成系统，例如但不限于Ti-Nb，Ti-Ta，La-Sr-Cr和La-Sr-Co，以形成高导电性的氧化物钝化层。 钝化层可以在组装燃料电池之后就地形成，或者可以在制造期间以氧化步骤提供。 双极板可以完全由一种或多种这种合金形成，或者可以由其上涂覆有合金层的便宜的基底金属形成。
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2.发明授权Fuel cell with metal alloy contacts that form passivating conductive oxide surfaces 有权具有形成钝化导电氧化物表面的金属合金触点的燃料电池公开(公告)号：US07575826B2
公开(公告)日：2009-08-18
申请号：US11825037
申请日：2007-07-03
IPC分类号： H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0208 , H01M8/0228 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2008/1293 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A metal alloy which when oxidized forms a highly conductive surface oxide layer. Alloy compositions such as, but not limited to, Ti—Nb, Ti—Ta, La—Sr—Cr, and La—Sr—Co are known to form oxide passivation layers which are highly conductive. Such alloys are useful in electrical contact apparatus. An electrical contact element formed of the alloy has a contact surface which when oxidized forms a highly conductive surface layer, thus maintaining electrical conductivity and continuity through the element. The oxide layer may be formed in situ after assembly of the electrical contact or may be provided in an oxidative step during manufacture. The electrical contact may be formed entirely of one or more of such alloys; or may be formed of an inexpensive substrate base metal, such as steel, having one or more of the alloys coated thereupon; or may be formed of a mixture of the base metal and the alloy.
摘要翻译： 当氧化时形成高导电性表面氧化物层的金属合金。 已知合金组成例如但不限于Ti-Nb，Ti-Ta，La-Sr-Cr和La-Sr-Co，以形成高导电性的氧化物钝化层。 这种合金可用于电接触装置。 由合金形成的电接触元件具有接触表面，当被氧化时形成高导电表面层，从而保持导电性和通过该元件的连续性。 氧化物层可以在组装电接触之后就地形成，或者可以在制造期间以氧化步骤提供。 电接触可以完全由一种或多种这样的合金形成; 或者可以由廉价的基板金属（例如钢）形成，其中涂覆有一种或多种合金; 或者可以由贱金属和合金的混合物形成。
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公开(公告)号：US5601748A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US626088
申请日：1996-04-01
IPC分类号： C04B35/468 , C04B35/47 , C04B35/26 , C04B35/465
CPC分类号： C04B35/47 , C04B35/468
摘要： Barium-strontium titanate ferroelectric materials and AFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 -type ferrite ferromagnetic materials may be consolidated into a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite having useful electromagnetic interference attenuation properties over a wide range of electromagnetic frequencies by fluxing the barium-strontium titanate with a combination of (1) a lithium compound and barium oxide or (2) copper oxide and barium oxide and thereafter mixing the fluxed ferroelectric with the ferromagnetic and sintering the combination at reduced temperature in the range of 1060.degree. C. to 1150.degree. C.
摘要翻译： 钡钛酸锶铁电材料和AFe 2 O 4型铁氧体铁磁材料可以通过以下方式组合使用钛酸锶钛酸锶而将其固化成铁电铁磁性复合材料，该复合材料在广泛的电磁频率范围内具有有用的电磁干扰衰减特性：（1） 锂化合物和氧化钡或（2）氧化铜和氧化钡，然后将熔融的铁电体与铁磁体混合，并在1060℃至1150℃的温度范围内烧结组合。
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公开(公告)号：US5386120A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-31
申请号：US239791
申请日：1994-05-09
CPC分类号： G01J5/34 , H01L37/025
摘要： A film having a unique asymmetrical hysteresis, a method of making, and a method of using such a film in and/or as a device. An example describes a distinctive ferroelectric device as an infrared detector that operates at generally ambient conditions.
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公开(公告)号：US5272341A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US699635
申请日：1991-07-18
CPC分类号： G01J5/34 , H01L37/025
摘要： A film having a unique asymmetrical hysteresis, a method of making, and a method of using such a film in and/or as a device. An example describes a distinctive ferroelectric device as an infrared detector that operates at generally ambient conditions.
摘要翻译： 具有独特的不对称滞后的薄膜，制造方法，以及在该装置内和/或设备中使用这种薄膜的方法。 一个例子描述了作为在一般环境条件下操作的红外检测器的独特铁电装置。
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公开(公告)号：US20140216513A1
公开(公告)日：2014-08-07
申请号：US14346181
申请日：2011-09-23
申请人： Joseph V. Mantese
发明人： Joseph V. Mantese
摘要： A composite structure with tailored anisotropic energy flow is described. The structure consists of an array of two-dimensional electrodes with anisotropic geometrical shapes on a semiconductor or semimetal layer that in turn is on a metal baselayer. An applied voltage between the two-dimensional electrode array and the baselayer renders the regions under the electrodes insulating such that the anisotropic regions interact with energy flow in the semiconductor or semimetal layer. Depending on the orientation of the anisotropic insulating regions with respect to the principal direction of energy flow, the energy flow in the semiconductor or semimetal layer is greater in a principal direction and is lower in an opposite direction.
摘要翻译： 描述了具有定制的各向异性能量流的复合结构。 该结构由半导体或半金属层上的具有各向异性几何形状的二维电极的阵列组成，该半导体或半金属层又在金属基底层上。 二维电极阵列和基底层之间施加的电压使电极下面的区域绝缘，使得各向异性区域与半导体或半金属层中的能量流动相互作用。 取决于各向异性绝缘区域相对于主流方向的取向，半导体或半金属层中的能量流在主要方向上较大，并且在相反方向上较低。
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公开(公告)号：US08692106B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US13139744
申请日：2009-12-07
申请人： Rhonda R. Willigan , Susanne M. Opalka , Joseph V. Mantese , Slade R. Culp , Jefferi J. Covington
发明人： Rhonda R. Willigan , Susanne M. Opalka , Joseph V. Mantese , Slade R. Culp , Jefferi J. Covington
CPC分类号： H01L35/26 , C04B35/457 , C04B35/653 , C04B2235/40 , C04B2235/42 , C04B2235/444 , C04B2235/446 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/662 , C04B2235/785 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B2235/9661 , H01L35/16
摘要： The invention is a bulk-processed thermoelectric material and a method for fabrication. The material measures at least 30 microns in each dimension and has a figure of merit (ZT) greater than 1.0 at any temperature less than 200° C. The material comprises at least two constituents; a host phase and a dispersed second phase. The host phase is a semiconductor or semimetal and the dispersed phase of the bulk-processed material is comprised of a plurality of inclusions. The material has a substantially coherent interface between the host phase and the dispersed phase in at least one crystallographic direction.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种体积加工的热电材料及其制造方法。 该材料在每个尺寸上测量至少30微米，并且在小于200℃的任何温度下具有大于1.0的品质因数（ZT）。该材料包括至少两种成分; 宿主阶段和分散的第二阶段。 主体相是半导体或半金属，并且体积加工材料的分散相由多个夹杂物组成。 该材料在至少一个结晶方向上在主体相和分散相之间具有基本一致的界面。
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公开(公告)号：US20140077083A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-20
申请号：US13616600
申请日：2012-09-14
IPC分类号： G01J5/28
CPC分类号： G01J3/42 , G01J2003/421 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/85 , G01N33/225 , G01N2021/8557
摘要： An example method of detecting components of a gas includes detecting substantially all components of a gas using distinct infrared wavelengths within a portion of the infrared spectrum, the portion being less than the entire infrared spectrum.
摘要翻译： 检测气体成分的示例性方法包括使用红外光谱的一部分内的不同红外波长检测气体的所有成分，该部分小于整个红外光谱。
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公开(公告)号：US20130293870A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-07
申请号：US13980117
申请日：2011-01-22
IPC分类号： G01N27/64
CPC分类号： G01N27/64 , G01N21/53 , G01N27/66 , G08B17/10 , G08B17/113
摘要： An exemplary detector includes a source of radiation. A detection chamber is configured to at least temporarily contain a fluid. At least some of the radiation ionizes at least some of the fluid. At least some of the radiation produces light in the detection chamber. An ionization sensor provides an output corresponding to an amount of fluid ionization in the detection chamber. A light sensor provides an output corresponding to an amount of the light detected by the light sensor.
摘要翻译： 示例性的检测器包括辐射源。 检测室被配置成至少暂时容纳流体。 至少一些辐射电离了至少一些流体。 至少一些辐射在检测室中产生光。 电离传感器提供对应于检测室中的流体电离量的输出。 光传感器提供对应于由光传感器检测的光量的输出。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07553077B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-30
申请号：US11761110
申请日：2007-06-11
IPC分类号： G01K7/36
摘要： Systems and methods for determining a temperature of a ferroelectric sensor are provided. The ferroelectric sensor has operational characteristics defined by a polarization versus voltage hysteresis loop. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes applying a symmetrical periodic voltage waveform to the ferroelectric sensor so as to induce the ferroelectric sensor to traverse the polarization versus voltage hysteresis loop. The method further includes monitoring voltages across the ferroelectric sensor and polarization states of the ferroelectric sensor over a first time interval to determine a first zero field polarization state and a first coercive field voltage. The method further includes determining a first temperature value indicative of the temperature of the ferroelectric sensor based on the first coercive field voltage.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定铁电传感器的温度的系统和方法。 铁电传感器具有由极化对电压滞后回路定义的操作特性。 在一个示例性实施例中，该方法包括向铁电传感器施加对称的周期性电压波形，以便诱导铁电传感器穿过偏振相对电压磁滞回线。 该方法还包括在第一时间间隔内监测铁电传感器两端的电压和铁电传感器的极化状态，以确定第一零场极化状态和第一矫顽场电压。 该方法还包括基于第一矫顽场电压来确定指示铁电传感器的温度的第一温度值。
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