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公开(公告)号：US5200278A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-06
申请号：US670245
申请日：1991-03-15
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04029
摘要： An integrated fuel cell power generation system comprises a fuel cell stack having a humidification section and an electrochemically active section. The humidification section imparts water vapor to an inlet hydrogen containing fuel stream and an inlet oxygen containing oxidant stream. The electrochemically active section comprises fuel cells for promoting the electrocatalytic conversion of the humidified fuel and oxidant streams to electric current and product water. The electrochemically active section also includes a coolant water stream for absorbing heat generated in the active section. The system includes a heat exchanger for removing heat from the coolant water stream exiting the active section, a water separator for removing water from the oxidant stream exiting the fuel cell stack, and a coolant reservoir for receiving the removed water stream from the water separator and from the heat exchanger. The coolant water stream is drawn from the coolant reservoir.
摘要翻译： 集成燃料电池发电系统包括具有加湿部分和电化学活性部分的燃料电池组。 加湿部分将水蒸汽输送到含氢燃料流入口和含入口氧的氧化剂流。 电化学活性部分包括用于促进加湿燃料和氧化剂流到电流和产物水的电催化转化的燃料电池。 电化学活性部分还包括用于吸收活性部分中产生的热量的冷却剂水流。 该系统包括用于从离开活性段的冷却剂水流中除去热量的热交换器，用于从离开燃料电池堆的氧化剂流中除去水的水分离器和用于从水分离器接收去除的水流的冷却剂储存器， 从热交换器。 冷却剂水流从冷却剂贮存器中抽出。
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公开(公告)号：US4988583A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-29
申请号：US400734
申请日：1989-08-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/026 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0263 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0226
摘要： The invention disclosed is a novel fluid flow field plate for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The plate includes in a major surface thereof, a continuous open-faced fluid flow channel which traverses the central area of the plate surface in a serpentine manner. The channel has a fluid inlet at one end for receiving a reactant gas and a fluid exhaust at the other end for removing excess reactant gas and reaction products from the cell.
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公开(公告)号：US5108849A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-28
申请号：US573837
申请日：1990-08-16
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/026 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0265 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： Novel fluid flow field plates for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell include in a major surface thereof, multiple continuous open-faced fluid flow channels each of which traverses the central area of the plate surface in a serpentine manner. Each of the channels has a fluid inlet at one end and a fluid outlet at the other end which are directly connected to common fluid supply and exhaust openings, respectively, defined in the plate.
摘要翻译： 用于固体聚合物电解质燃料电池的新型流体流场板在其主要表面中包括多个连续的开放式流体流动通道，每个流体流动通道以蛇形方式穿过板表面的中心区域。 每个通道在一端具有流体入口，另一端的流体出口分别直接连接到限定在板中的公共流体供给和排出开口。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5260143A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-09
申请号：US641601
申请日：1991-01-15
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04291
摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for removing water accumulated at the cathode of an electrochemical fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer ion exchange membrane. Liquid water accumulated at the cathode can be removed by maintaining a partial pressure of water vapor in the hydrogen-containing gas supply below the saturation pressure of water vapor therein such that water accumulated at the cathode is drawn by a concentration gradient toward the anode across the membrane and is absorbed as water vapor into the hydrogen-containing gas supply between the inlet and the outlet. In one embodiment, the partial pressure of water vapor in the hydrogen-containing gas supply is maintained below the saturation pressure of water vapor therein by imparting a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet sufficient to draw water accumulated at the cathode toward the anode. In another embodiment, the partial pressure of water vapor at the inlet of the hydrogen-containing gas supply is maintained at less than the saturation pressure of water vapor therein. Liquid water accumulated at the cathode can also be removed by maintaining a partial pressure of water vapor in the oxygen-containing gas supply below the saturation pressure of water vapor therein such that water accumulated at the cathode is drawn by a concentration gradient and is absorbed as water vapor into the oxygen-containing gas supply between the inlet and the outlet. Liquid water accumulated at the cathode can also be removed by absorbing water vapor into both the hydrogen-containing gas supply and the oxygen-containing gas supply.
摘要翻译： 提供一种方法和装置，用于去除积聚在包含固体聚合物离子交换膜的电化学燃料电池的阴极处积聚的水。 积存在阴极的液态水可以通过将含氢气体供给中的水蒸气的分压维持在其中的水蒸气的饱和压力以下来除去，使得在阴极处积聚的水通过横跨阳极的浓度梯度被吸引 并且作为水蒸气被吸收到入口和出口之间的含氢气体供应中。 在一个实施方案中，通过在入口和出口之间施加足以将积聚在阴极的水吸向阳极的压降，使含氢气体供应中的水蒸气的分压保持在其中的水蒸气的饱和压力以下。 在另一个实施方案中，含氢气体供应入口处的水蒸气的分压保持在小于其中的水蒸气的饱和压力。 积存在阴极处的液态水也可以通过将含氧气体供给中的水蒸汽的分压维持在其中的水蒸汽饱和压力以下来除去，使得在阴极处积聚的水被吸收浓度梯度并被吸收为 水蒸汽进入入口和出口之间的含氧气体供应。 积存在阴极的液态水也可以通过将水蒸气吸收到含氢气体供应源和含氧气体源中来除去。
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5.发明授权Apparatus for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture 失效用于在含氢气体混合物中选择性氧化一氧化碳的装置
公开(公告)号：US5456889A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US228940
申请日：1994-04-14
IPC分类号： B01D53/86 , B01D53/94 , B01J8/06 , C01B3/32 , C01B3/56 , C01B3/58 , C01B32/50 , C10K3/04 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/24 , F01N3/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/0258 , B01J8/0235 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0285 , C01B3/583 , C10K3/04 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0625 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/241 , B01J2208/00141 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/025
摘要： A method and apparatus for selectively oxidizing the carbon monoxide present in a mixture of gases, including hydrogen, to carbon dioxide is disclosed. Oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture is introduced at locations along the latter portion of the reaction chamber in an isothermal reactor to selectively oxidize the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and to suppress the reverse to water-shift reaction, which produces carbon monoxide and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将存在于包括氢气在内的气体混合物中存在的一氧化碳选择性地氧化成二氧化碳的方法和装置。 在等温反应器中将氧气或含氧气体混合物引入反应室后部的位置，以选择性地将一氧化碳氧化成二氧化碳，并抑制与产生一氧化碳和水的水移反应相反 来自二氧化碳和氢气。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5360679A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US110076
申请日：1993-08-20
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04738 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04835
摘要： A power plant system produces utility grade electrical AC power from gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuels using a fuel cell stack employing ion exchange membranes. The fuel is desulfurized, mixed with water, heated and vaporized before being introduced into a reformer. The reformer produces a hydrogen-rich gas which is then directed through a series of heat exchangers, shift converters and a selective oxidizer. The processed fuel stream is combined in the fuel cell stack with a pressurized oxidant stream to generate DC power. Oxidant pressure is supplied by compressors driven by turbines using heated system exhaust gases. The DC power is converted into utility grade AC power using an inverter augmented by a battery peaking unit for rapid load following. The water generated in the fuel cell stack is recycled and used to cool the fuel cell stack and to humidify the fuel stream and oxidant stream prior to their introduction to the fuel cell stack. System integration results in an electrical efficiency of at least about 40%, and with heat recovery the overall fuel efficiency is greater than approximately 80%.
摘要翻译： 发电厂系统使用使用离子交换膜的燃料电池堆从气态或液态碳氢化合物燃料产生实用级的电力交流电力。 燃料经脱硫，与水混合，在引入重整器之前加热蒸发。 重整器产生富氢气体，然后将其引导通过一系列热交换器，换档转换器和选择性氧化器。 经处理的燃料流在燃料电池堆中与加压氧化剂流组合以产生直流电力。 氧化剂压力由使用加热系统废气的涡轮机驱动的压缩机提供。 使用由电池峰值单元增加的逆变器将直流电力转换为电力级交流电源，用于快速负载跟随。 在燃料电池堆中产生的水被再循环并用于冷却燃料电池堆并且在燃料电池堆引入燃料电池堆之前加热燃料流和氧化剂流。 系统集成导致至少约40％的电效率，并且通过热回收，总体燃料效率大于约80％。
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公开(公告)号：US5209906A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-11
申请号：US698666
申请日：1991-05-10
申请人： David S. Watkins , Eric G. Pow , Donald A. Lines
发明人： David S. Watkins , Eric G. Pow , Donald A. Lines
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J12/007 , B01J19/0093 , B01J8/0285 , C01B3/323 , F28D9/00 , B01J2219/0002 , B01J2219/00783 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00889 , B01J2219/00891 , F28F2260/00
摘要： A compact modular isothermal reactor for converting a feedstock such as methanol into a fuel usable in power generation systems, such as electrochemical fuel cells, is provided. The reactor includes a sealing plate, a baffle plate having heat transfer surfaces extending toward the sealing plate, and a housing having an interior substantially circumscribing the heat transfer surfaces The cooperating surfaces of the sealing plate, baffle plate, heat transfer surfaces and housing interior define a labyrinthine channel for containing a suitable quantity of solid catalyst and through which feedstock flows. The cooperating surfaces of a fluid flow plate and the baffle plate define a flow passage for carrying a thermal fluid. Heat is transferred from the thermal fluid to the feedstock by the heat transfer surfaces. In two alternative designs, thermally conductive pins extending from the baffle plate or a pair of spaced folded thermally conductive plates transfer heat to the interior of a catalyst containment vessel. In an optional heat exchange section, the feedstock is preheated before being directed to the reactor.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于将诸如甲醇的原料转化成可用于发电系统（例如电化学燃料电池）中的燃料的紧凑的模块化等温反应器。 反应器包括密封板，具有朝向密封板延伸的传热表面的挡板和具有基本上限定传热表面的内部的壳体。密封板，挡板，传热表面和壳体内部的配合表面限定 用于容纳合适数量的固体催化剂并且原料流过的迷路通道。 流体流动板和挡板的配合表面限定了用于承载热流体的流动通道。 热量通过传热表面从热流体转移到原料。 在两种替代设计中，从挡板或一对间隔开的折叠导热板延伸的导热销将热传递到催化剂容纳容器的内部。 在可选的热交换部分中，原料在被引导到反应器之前被预热。
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公开(公告)号：US06316134B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-13
申请号：US09395299
申请日：1999-09-13
申请人： Ryan Cownden , Michael Eiche , Craig Louie , David S. Watkins
发明人： Ryan Cownden , Michael Eiche , Craig Louie , David S. Watkins
IPC分类号： H01M818
CPC分类号： C01B3/38 , B01B1/005 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0495 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1258 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1288 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1604 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2300/0082 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A fuel cell electric power generation system comprises an electric power generation subsystem, a fuel processing subsystem, an oxidant subsystem, a water circulation subsystem, and a temperature control subsystem. The improved system employs a novel arrangement of components which provides improved interaction between the subsystems while also simplifying the apparatus by integrating components to provide improved thermal and electrical efficiency. The fuel processing subsystem preferably comprises a furnace for providing heat to a plurality of components disposed within the furnace. In one embodiment, a reformer, a fuel stream humidifier, and a heat exchanger are all disposed within the furnace vessel, with the outlet of the humidifier fluidly connected to the inlet of the reformer and the outlet of the heat exchanger fluidly connected to a desulfurizer located external to the furnace. The fuel processing subsystem may further comprise a shift reactor that exchanges heat with a cathode exhaust stream directed to the shift reactor from the power generation subsystem. After passing through the shift reactor, the cathode exhaust stream is preferably directed to the furnace burner.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电系统包括发电子系统，燃料处理子系统，氧化剂子系统，水循环子系统和温度控制子系统。 改进的系统采用组件的新型布置，其提供子系统之间改进的相互作用，同时还通过集成组件来简化装置以提供改进的热和电效率。 燃料处理子系统优选地包括用于向设置在炉内的多个部件提供热量的炉。 在一个实施例中，重整器，燃料流加湿器和热交换器都设置在炉容器内，加湿器的出口流体连接到重整器的入口，热交换器的出口流体连接到脱硫器 位于炉外。 燃料处理子系统还可以包括换向反应器，其与从发电子系统指向换档反应器的阴极排气流进行热交换。 在通过换档反应器之后，阴极排气流优选地被引导到炉燃烧器。
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9.发明授权Apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture 失效用于含氢气体混合物中一氧化碳的两级选择性氧化的装置
公开(公告)号：US5750076A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US580078
申请日：1995-12-20
CPC分类号： B01D53/864 , B01J8/0446 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047
摘要： An apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The apparatus includes primary and secondary reaction chambers, which deliver a hydrogen-rich outlet gas stream having a carbon monoxide concentration of less than about 5 ppm. When an increase in the carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet stream of the primary reaction chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在包含氢气和一氧化碳的燃料流中二氧化碳二氧化碳选择性氧化的装置。 该设备包括一级和二级反应室，其输送一氧化碳浓度小于约5ppm的富氢出口气流。 当检测到初级反应室的出口流中一氧化碳浓度的增加时，反过来，通过初级反应室的流动反向。 选择性氧化剂采用基于温度的控制策略作为围绕最初与燃料气流流量成正比设定的流速的含氧气流流量调节。 控制策略调节与气体燃料流混合的含氧气体的量作为主反应室端部处或附近的温度与初级反应室出口处的温度之差的函数的函数 。
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture 失效用于含氢气体混合物中一氧化碳的两级选择性氧化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5518705A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-21
申请号：US293653
申请日：1994-08-22
CPC分类号： B01D53/864 , B01J8/0446 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047
摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The apparatus includes primary and secondary reaction chambers, which deliver a hydrogen-rich outlet gas stream having a carbon monoxide concentration of less than about 5 ppm. When an increase in the carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet stream of the primary reaction chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种装置和方法，用于在包含氢气和一氧化碳的燃料流中将一氧化碳二氧化碳选择性氧化成二氧化碳。 该设备包括一级和二级反应室，其输送一氧化碳浓度小于约5ppm的富氢出口气流。 当检测到初级反应室的出口流中一氧化碳浓度的增加时，反过来，通过初级反应室的流动反向。 选择性氧化剂采用基于温度的控制策略作为围绕最初与燃料气流流量成正比设定的流速的含氧气流流量调节。 控制策略调节与气体燃料流混合的含氧气体的量作为主反应室端部处或附近的温度与初级反应室出口处的温度之差的函数的函数 。
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