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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5360679A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US110076
申请日：1993-08-20
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04738 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04835
摘要： A power plant system produces utility grade electrical AC power from gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuels using a fuel cell stack employing ion exchange membranes. The fuel is desulfurized, mixed with water, heated and vaporized before being introduced into a reformer. The reformer produces a hydrogen-rich gas which is then directed through a series of heat exchangers, shift converters and a selective oxidizer. The processed fuel stream is combined in the fuel cell stack with a pressurized oxidant stream to generate DC power. Oxidant pressure is supplied by compressors driven by turbines using heated system exhaust gases. The DC power is converted into utility grade AC power using an inverter augmented by a battery peaking unit for rapid load following. The water generated in the fuel cell stack is recycled and used to cool the fuel cell stack and to humidify the fuel stream and oxidant stream prior to their introduction to the fuel cell stack. System integration results in an electrical efficiency of at least about 40%, and with heat recovery the overall fuel efficiency is greater than approximately 80%.
摘要翻译： 发电厂系统使用使用离子交换膜的燃料电池堆从气态或液态碳氢化合物燃料产生实用级的电力交流电力。 燃料经脱硫，与水混合，在引入重整器之前加热蒸发。 重整器产生富氢气体，然后将其引导通过一系列热交换器，换档转换器和选择性氧化器。 经处理的燃料流在燃料电池堆中与加压氧化剂流组合以产生直流电力。 氧化剂压力由使用加热系统废气的涡轮机驱动的压缩机提供。 使用由电池峰值单元增加的逆变器将直流电力转换为电力级交流电源，用于快速负载跟随。 在燃料电池堆中产生的水被再循环并用于冷却燃料电池堆并且在燃料电池堆引入燃料电池堆之前加热燃料流和氧化剂流。 系统集成导致至少约40％的电效率，并且通过热回收，总体燃料效率大于约80％。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5484577A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-16
申请号：US250371
申请日：1994-05-27
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/062 , C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/04 , C01B2203/066 , C01B2203/0811 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1011 , C01B2203/1235 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/148
摘要： A catalytic hydrocarbon reformer operates at lower temperature and pressure relative to conventional reformers. Convective heat transfer between the hot combustion gas stream and the reactor tube is enhanced through use of a narrow gap heat transfer area, which induces turbulent flow of the combustion gas stream across the reactor tube. The reactor tube includes a catalyst fines collection tube to accumulate and retain catalyst particles or fines entrained in the reformate gas stream.
摘要翻译： 催化烃重整器相对于常规重整器在较低的温度和压力下工作。 通过使用狭窄的间隙传热面积来增强热燃烧气体流和反应器管之间的对流热传递，这导致燃烧气体流在反应器管中的湍流。 反应器管包括催化剂细粒收集管，用于积聚并保留夹带在重整产品气流中的催化剂颗粒或微粒。
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公开(公告)号：US5464606A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US250370
申请日：1994-05-27
CPC分类号： C01B3/12 , B01J8/04 , B01J8/0457 , B01J2208/00141 , B01J2208/00256 , B01J2208/00495
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a gaseous reactant stream comprising carbon monoxide and water vapor. The catalyst bed of a water gas shift reactor is preferably divided into two sections. Alternatively, an assembly which includes two sequential reactors can be employed. The first section or reactor operates in an adiabatic fashion whereas the second section or reactor is cooled, thereby facilitating the further conversion of carbon monoxide in the second section or reactor. The gaseous reactant stream exiting the second section or reactor typically has a carbon monoxide concentration in the range from about 0.06% to about 0.14% by volume.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种减少包含一氧化碳和水蒸汽的气态反应物流中一氧化碳浓度的方法和装置。 水煤气变换反应器的催化剂床优选分为两部分。 或者，可以采用包括两个顺序反应器的组件。 第一部分或反应器以绝热方式操作，而第二部分或反应器被冷却，从而促进第二部分或反应器中一氧化碳的进一步转化。 离开第二部分或反应器的气态反应物流通常具有在约0.06％至约0.14％（体积）范围内的一氧化碳浓度。
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4.发明授权Apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture 失效用于含氢气体混合物中一氧化碳的两级选择性氧化的装置
公开(公告)号：US5750076A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US580078
申请日：1995-12-20
CPC分类号： B01D53/864 , B01J8/0446 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047
摘要： An apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The apparatus includes primary and secondary reaction chambers, which deliver a hydrogen-rich outlet gas stream having a carbon monoxide concentration of less than about 5 ppm. When an increase in the carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet stream of the primary reaction chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在包含氢气和一氧化碳的燃料流中二氧化碳二氧化碳选择性氧化的装置。 该设备包括一级和二级反应室，其输送一氧化碳浓度小于约5ppm的富氢出口气流。 当检测到初级反应室的出口流中一氧化碳浓度的增加时，反过来，通过初级反应室的流动反向。 选择性氧化剂采用基于温度的控制策略作为围绕最初与燃料气流流量成正比设定的流速的含氧气流流量调节。 控制策略调节与气体燃料流混合的含氧气体的量作为主反应室端部处或附近的温度与初级反应室出口处的温度之差的函数的函数 。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture 失效用于含氢气体混合物中一氧化碳的两级选择性氧化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5518705A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-21
申请号：US293653
申请日：1994-08-22
CPC分类号： B01D53/864 , B01J8/0446 , C01B3/583 , C01B2203/044 , C01B2203/047
摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for the two-stage selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in a fuel stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The apparatus includes primary and secondary reaction chambers, which deliver a hydrogen-rich outlet gas stream having a carbon monoxide concentration of less than about 5 ppm. When an increase in the carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet stream of the primary reaction chamber is detected, then the flow through the primary reaction chamber is reversed. The selective oxidizer employs a temperature-based control strategy as an oxygen-containing gas stream flow rate adjustment around the flow rate initially set in direct proportion to the fuel gas stream flow rate. The control strategy regulates the amount of oxygen-containing gas mixed with the gaseous fuel stream as a function of the difference between the temperature at a location at or near the end of the primary reaction chamber and the temperature at the outlet of the primary reaction chamber.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种装置和方法，用于在包含氢气和一氧化碳的燃料流中将一氧化碳二氧化碳选择性氧化成二氧化碳。 该设备包括一级和二级反应室，其输送一氧化碳浓度小于约5ppm的富氢出口气流。 当检测到初级反应室的出口流中一氧化碳浓度的增加时，反过来，通过初级反应室的流动反向。 选择性氧化剂采用基于温度的控制策略作为围绕最初与燃料气流流量成正比设定的流速的含氧气流流量调节。 控制策略调节与气体燃料流混合的含氧气体的量作为主反应室端部处或附近的温度与初级反应室出口处的温度之差的函数的函数 。
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公开(公告)号：US4828940A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-09
申请号：US189935
申请日：1988-05-03
申请人： Ronald Cohen , Richard F. Buswell
发明人： Ronald Cohen , Richard F. Buswell
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612
摘要： The fuel cell power plant operates at higher reactant pressures, and thus higher power density (lower cost) and efficiency, by providing reactant reformer steam from a separate steam boiler. Instead of supplying coolant steam to the reformer, the coolant is operated in a closed loop apart from the reformer, and the coolant steam is used to drive a steam generator to produce additional electricity. A portion of the raw fuel is burned within the steam boiler and the remainder is passed through the reformer and thence to the fuel cells. Boiler exhaust is used to drive a turocompressor which pressurizes the air used on the cathode side of the fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 通过从单独的蒸汽锅炉提供反应物重整器蒸汽，燃料电池发电厂以更高的反应物压力运行，因此具有更高的功率密度（更低的成本）和效率。 代替向重整器供应冷却剂蒸汽，冷却剂在与重整器相隔的闭环中操作，并且冷却剂蒸汽用于驱动蒸汽发生器以产生额外的电。 原燃料的一部分在蒸汽锅炉内燃烧，其余部分通过重整器，从而进入燃料电池。 锅炉排气用于驱动对燃料电池阴极侧使用的空气加压的压缩机。
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公开(公告)号：US4743517A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-10
申请号：US90303
申请日：1987-08-27
申请人： Ronald Cohen , Richard F. Buswell
发明人： Ronald Cohen , Richard F. Buswell
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612
摘要： The fuel cell power plant operates at higher reactant pressures, and thus higher power density (lower cost) and efficiency, by providing reactant reformer steam from a separate steam boiler. Instead of supplying coolant steam to the reformer, the coolant is operated in a closed loop apart from the reformer, and the coolant steam is used to drive a steam generator to produce additional electricity. A portion of the raw fuel is burned within the steam boiler and the remainder is passed through the reformer and thence to the fuel cells. Boiler exhaust is used to drive a turocompressor which pressurizes the air used on the cathode side of the fuel cells.
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公开(公告)号：US5340663A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US912578
申请日：1992-07-13
CPC分类号： H01M8/0612 , H01M8/04104
摘要： A fuel cell power plant in which the fuel cell stack is enclosed within a containment vessel and in which reformer burner exhaust is used to pressurize and purge the containment vessel is disclosed. The fuel cell power plant provides dynamic pressure balancing between the purge gas and fuel cell reactants to prevent leakage of the reactants from the fuel cell yet avoid an excessive pressure differential between the fuel cell and the containment vessel.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种燃料电池发电厂，其中燃料电池堆被封闭在容纳容器内，并且其中使用重整器燃烧器排气来加压和清除安全壳。 燃料电池发电厂在净化气体和燃料电池反应物之间提供动态压力平衡，以防止反应物从燃料电池泄漏，同时避免燃料电池和安全壳之间的过大的压力差。
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公开(公告)号：US4740357A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-26
申请号：US879250
申请日：1986-06-27
CPC分类号： B01J8/062 , C01B3/38 , B01J2208/00309
摘要： A reformer apparatus 8 has a heat shield 17 for a reformer duct 16. Various construction details which increase the durability of the heat shield are developed. In one embodiment, the heat shield includes a plurality of rings 82 which are axially and circumferentially segmented, the rings being supported by a platform on which the stack of rings rests. At least one of the rings has a pair of segments each of which has a V-shaped identation in the end which receives a V-shaped projection of the adjacent segment leaving a circumferential gap between the segments which does not extend radially between the segments of the ring.
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公开(公告)号：US4098589A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US827804
申请日：1977-08-25
CPC分类号： B01J8/06 , B01J8/02 , C01B3/384 , B01J2208/00061 , B01J2208/00097 , B01J2208/00495 , B01J2208/00504 , B01J2208/0053
摘要： A catalytic reaction apparatus, such as for steam reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen, includes a tubular reactor disposed within a furnace. The reactor includes an annular reaction chamber which is heated along its outer wall by a countercurrent flow of furnace gases traveling through a narrow annulus external thereof. The reaction chamber is also heated along its inner wall by regenerative heat from the reaction products which leave the annular chamber and flow countercurrent to the flow within the reaction chamber through a narrow annulus disposed along the inner wall thereof. This apparatus is capable of high reactor thermal efficiency over a wide range of heating rates, including very high heating rates. The apparatus is very compact and is particularly suited for use with a large number of closely packed tubular reactors disposed within a single furnace.
摘要翻译： 催化反应装置，例如用于蒸汽重整烃原料以产生氢气的催化反应装置包括设置在炉内的管式反应器。 该反应器包括一个环形反应室，该反应室通过其外部窄的环形空间的逆流气流沿其外壁加热。 反应室也通过来自反应产物的再生热被沿其内壁加热，反应产物离开环形室并且通过沿着其内壁设置的窄环形空气与反应室内的流逆流。 该装置能够在很宽的加热速率范围内具有高的反应堆热效率，包括非常高的加热速率。 该设备非常紧凑，特别适用于设置在单个炉内的大量紧密堆叠的管式反应器。
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