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公开(公告)号：US06441388B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09563865
申请日：2000-05-03
IPC分类号： G01N1506
CPC分类号： A61B5/1495 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , G01J3/28 , G01N21/274 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/49
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a biological attribute, such as the concentration of an analyte, particularly a blood analyte in tissue such as glucose. The method utilizes spectrographic techniques in conjunction with an improved instrument-tailored calibration model. In a calibration phase, calibration model data is modified to reduce or eliminate instrument-specific attributes, resulting in a calibration data set modeling intra-instrument variation. In a prediction phase, the prediction process is tailored for each target instrument separately using a minimal number of spectral measurements from each instrument.
摘要翻译： 用于测量生物属性的方法和装置，例如分析物的浓度，特别是诸如葡萄糖的组织中的血液分析物。 该方法利用光谱技术结合改进的仪器定制校准模型。 在校准阶段，对校准模型数据进行修改，以减少或消除特定于仪器的属性，从而产生建立仪器内变化的校准数据集。 在预测阶段，使用每个仪器的最小数量的光谱测量，分别为每个目标仪器定制预测过程。
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公开(公告)号：US06528809B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-04
申请号：US09672326
申请日：2000-09-28
申请人： Edward V. Thomas , Robert K. Rowe
发明人： Edward V. Thomas , Robert K. Rowe
IPC分类号： G01N1506
CPC分类号： A61B5/1495 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , G01J3/28 , G01N21/359 , G06F19/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring a biological attribute, such as the concentration of an analyte, particularly a blood analyte in tissue such as glucose. The method utilizes spectrographic techniques in conjunction with an improved subject-tailored calibration model. In a calibration phase, calibration model data is modified to reduce or eliminate subject-specific attributes, resulting in a calibration data set modeling within- subject physiological variation, sample location, insertion variations, and instrument variation. In a prediction phase, the prediction process is tailored for each target subject separately using a minimal number of spectral measurements from each subject.
摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性地测量生物属性的方法和装置，例如分析物的浓度，特别是诸如葡萄糖的组织中的血液分析物。 该方法利用光谱技术结合改进的主题定制校准模型。 在校准阶段，校准模型数据被修改以减少或消除受试者特异性属性，导致校准数据集建模在主体生理变化，样本位置，插入变化和仪器变化之内。 在预测阶段，使用来自每个受试者的最小数量的光谱测量，分别针对每个目标受试者量身定做预测过程。
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公开(公告)号：US6157041A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US415432
申请日：1999-10-08
申请人： Edward V. Thomas , Robert K. Rowe
发明人： Edward V. Thomas , Robert K. Rowe
CPC分类号： A61B5/1495 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , G01J3/28 , G01N21/359
摘要： A method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring a biological attribute, such as the concentration of an analyte, particularly a blood analyte in tissue such as glucose. The method utilizes spectrographic techniques in conjunction with an improved subject-tailored calibration model. In a calibration phase, calibration model data is modified to reduce or eliminate subject-specific attributes, resulting in a calibration data set modeling within--subject physiological variation, sample location, insertion variations, and instrument variation. In a prediction phase, the prediction process is tailored for each target subject separately using a minimal number of spectral measurements from each subject.
摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性地测量生物属性的方法和装置，例如分析物的浓度，特别是诸如葡萄糖的组织中的血液分析物。 该方法利用光谱技术结合改进的主题定制校准模型。 在校准阶段，对校准模型数据进行修改，以减少或消除受试者特异性属性，从而产生校准数据集，建立主题内生理变异，样本位置，插入变异和仪器变异。 在预测阶段，使用来自每个受试者的最小数量的光谱测量，分别针对每个目标受试者量身定做预测过程。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07098037B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US10222721
申请日：2002-08-16
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/1459 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1495 , G01N21/359 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/144444
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a biological attribute, such as the concentration of an analyte, particularly a blood analyte in tissue such as glucose. The method utilizes spectrographic techniques in conjunction with an improved instrument-tailored or subject-tailored calibration model. In a calibration phase, calibration model data is modified to reduce or eliminate instrument-specific attributes, resulting in a calibration data set modeling intra-instrument or intra-subject variation. In a prediction phase, the prediction process is tailored for each target instrument separately using a minimal number of spectral measurements from each instrument or subject.
摘要翻译： 用于测量生物属性的方法和装置，例如分析物的浓度，特别是诸如葡萄糖的组织中的血液分析物。 该方法利用光谱技术结合改进的仪器定制或主题定制的校准模型。 在校准阶段，修改校准模型数据以减少或消除仪器特定属性，从而产生校准数据集，以建立仪器内或体内变异。 在预测阶段，使用每个乐器或主体的最小数量的光谱测量，分别为每个目标仪器量身定做预测过程。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5435309A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-25
申请号：US104857
申请日：1993-08-10
CPC分类号： A61B5/1464 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14552 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , A61B5/6843 , G01N21/31
摘要： Methods and apparatus for determining in a biological material one or more unknown values of at least one known characteristic (e.g. the concentration of an analyte such as glucose in blood or the concentration of one or more blood gas parameters) with a model based on a set of samples with known values of the known characteristics and a multivariate algorithm using several wavelength subsets. The method includes selecting multiple wavelength subsets, from the electromagnetic spectral region appropriate for determining the known characteristic, for use by an algorithm wherein the selection of wavelength subsets improves the model's fitness of the determination for the unknown values of the known characteristic. The selection process utilizes multivariate search methods that select both predictive and synergistic wavelengths within the range of wavelengths utilized. The fitness of the wavelength subsets is determined by the fitness function F=.function.(cost, performance). The method includes the steps of: (1) using one or more applications of a genetic algorithm to produce one or more count spectra, with multiple count spectra then combined to produce a combined count spectrum; (2) smoothing the count spectrum; (3) selecting a threshold count from a count spectrum to select these wavelength subsets which optimize the fitness function; and (4) eliminating a portion of the selected wavelength subsets. The determination of the unknown values can be made: (1) noninvasively and in vivo; (2) invasively and in vivo; or (3) in vitro.
摘要翻译： 用于在生物材料中确定至少一种已知特征的一个或多个未知值（例如血液中的分析物的浓度或血液中的葡萄糖浓度或一种或多种血液气体参数的浓度）的方法和装置， 具有已知特征的已知值的样本和使用几个波长子集的多变量算法。 该方法包括从适合于确定已知特征的电磁光谱区域中选择多个波长子集，以便由算法使用，其中波长子集的选择提高了模型对已知特征的未知值的确定的适应度。 选择过程使用多变量搜索方法，其在所使用的波长范围内选择预测和协同波长。 波长子集的适应度由适应度函数F = f（成本，性能）决定。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）使用遗传算法的一个或多个应用来产生一个或多个计数光谱，然后将多个计数光谱组合以产生组合计数光谱; （2）平滑计数谱; （3）从计数光谱中选择阈值计数，以选择优化适应度函数的这些波长子集; 和（4）消除所选波长子集的一部分。 可以确定未知值：（1）非侵入性和体内; （2）侵入和体内; 或（3）体外。
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公开(公告)号：US5630413A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-20
申请号：US257875
申请日：1994-08-12
IPC分类号： G01N21/27 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/0456 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/35
CPC分类号： A61B5/1491 , A61B5/02007 , A61B5/0456 , A61B5/14539 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14551 , A61B5/416 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , A61B2503/40 , A61B5/7264 , Y10S128/925
摘要： This invention relates to methods and apparatus for, preferably, determining non-invasively and in vivo at least two of the five blood gas parameters (i.e., pH, [HCO.sub.3.sup.- ], PCO.sub.2, PO.sub.2, and O.sub.2 sat.) in a human.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于优选地确定人体内五种血液气参数（即pH，[HCO 3 - ]，PCO 2，PO 2和O 2 S）中的至少两种非侵入性和体内的方法和装置。
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公开(公告)号：US07237115B1
公开(公告)日：2007-06-26
申请号：US09964221
申请日：2001-09-26
IPC分类号： H04L9/00
CPC分类号： H04L9/3231 , H04L2209/08 , H04L2209/34
摘要： A method of and system for authenticating concealed and statistically varying multi-dimensional data comprising: acquiring an initial measurement of an item, wherein the initial measurement is subject to measurement error; applying a transformation to the initial measurement to generate reference template data; acquiring a subsequent measurement of an item, wherein the subsequent measurement is subject to measurement error; applying the transformation to the subsequent measurement; and calculating a Euclidean distance metric between the transformed measurements; wherein the calculated Euclidean distance metric is identical to a Euclidean distance metric between the measurement prior to transformation.
摘要翻译： 一种用于认证隐藏和统计变化的多维数据的方法和系统，包括：获取项目的初始测量，其中所述初始测量受到测量误差; 将变换应用于初始测量以产生参考模板数据; 获取项目的后续测量，其中所述后续测量受到测量误差; 将变换应用于后续测量; 并计算变换测量之间的欧几里得距离度量; 其中所计算的欧氏距离度量与变换之前的测量之间的欧几里德距离度量相同。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5596992A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-28
申请号：US85709
申请日：1993-06-30
CPC分类号： A61B5/0086 , A61B5/7264 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0088 , A61B5/415 , A61B5/418 , A61B5/4331 , A61B5/4375 , A61B5/441 , G01N21/359 , Y10S977/949
摘要： Multivariate classification techniques are applied to spectra from cell and tissue samples irradiated with infrared radiation to determine if the samples are normal or abnormal (cancerous). Mid and near infrared radiation can be used for in vivo and in vitro classifications using at least different wavelengths.
摘要翻译： 将多变量分类技术应用于用红外辐射照射的细胞和组织样品的光谱，以确定样品是正常还是异常（癌变）。 中和近红外辐射可以用于使用至少不同波长的体内和体外分类。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5857462A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US505829
申请日：1995-07-24
CPC分类号： A61B5/1464 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14552 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , A61B5/6843 , G01N21/31
摘要： Methods and apparatus for determining in a biological material one or more unknown values of at least one known characteristic (e.g. the concentration of an analyte such as glucose in blood or the concentration of one or more blood gas parameters) with a model based on a set of samples with known values of the known characteristics and a multivariate algorithm using several wavelength subsets. The method includes selecting multiple wavelength subsets, from the electromagnetic spectral region appropriate for determining the known characteristic, for use by an algorithm wherein the selection of wavelength subsets improves the model's fitness of the determination for the unknown values of the known characteristic. The selection process utilizes multivariate search methods that select both predictive and synergistic wavelengths within the range of wavelengths utilized. The fitness of the wavelength subsets is determined by the fitness function F=f (cost, performance). The method includes the steps of: (1) using one or more applications of a genetic algorithm to produce one or more count spectra, with multiple count spectra then combined to produce a combined count spectrum; (2) smoothing the count spectrum; (3) selecting a threshold count from a count spectrum to select these wavelength subsets which optimize the fitness function; and (4) eliminating a portion of the selected wavelength subsets. The determination of the unknown values can be made: (1) noninvasively and in vivo; (2) invasively and in vivo; or (3) in vitro.
摘要翻译： 用于在生物材料中确定至少一种已知特征的一个或多个未知值（例如血液中的分析物的浓度或血液中的葡萄糖浓度或一种或多种血液气体参数的浓度）的方法和装置， 具有已知特征的已知值的样本和使用几个波长子集的多变量算法。 该方法包括从适合于确定已知特征的电磁光谱区域中选择多个波长子集，以便由算法使用，其中波长子集的选择提高了模型对已知特征的未知值的确定的适应度。 选择过程使用多变量搜索方法，其在所使用的波长范围内选择预测和协同波长。 波长子集的适应度由适应度函数F = f（成本，性能）决定。 该方法包括以下步骤：（1）使用遗传算法的一个或多个应用来产生一个或多个计数光谱，然后将多个计数光谱组合以产生组合计数光谱; （2）平滑计数谱; （3）从计数光谱中选择阈值计数，以选择优化适应度函数的这些波长子集; 和（4）消除所选波长子集的一部分。 可以确定未知值：（1）非侵入性和体内; （2）侵入和体内; 或（3）体外。
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公开(公告)号：US5355880A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-18
申请号：US910004
申请日：1992-07-06
IPC分类号： G01N21/27 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/0456 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/35
CPC分类号： A61B5/1491 , A61B5/02007 , A61B5/0456 , A61B5/14539 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14551 , A61B5/416 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , A61B2503/40 , A61B5/7264 , Y10S128/925
摘要： Methods and apparatus for, preferably, determining noninvasively and in vivo at least two of the five blood gas parameters (i.e., pH, PCO.sub.2, [HCO.sub.3.sup.- ], PO.sub.2, and O.sub.2 sat.) in a human. The non-invasive method includes the steps of: generating light at three or more different wavelengths in the range of 500 nm to 2500 nm; irradiating blood containing tissue; measuring the intensities of the wavelengths emerging from the blood containing tissue to obtain a set of at least three spectral intensities v. wavelengths; and determining the unknown values of at least two of pH, [HCO.sub.3.sup.- ], PCO.sub.2 and a measure of oxygen concentration. The determined values are within the physiological ranges observed in blood containing tissue. The method also includes the steps of providing calibration samples, determining if the spectral intensities v. wavelengths from the tissue represents an outlier, and determining if any of the calibration samples represents an outlier. The determination of the unknown values is performed by at least one multivariate algorithm using two or more variables and at least one calibration model. Preferably, there is a separate calibration for each blood gas parameter being determined. The method can be utilized in a pulse mode and can also be used invasively. The apparatus includes a tissue positioning device, a source, at least one detector, electronics, a microprocessor, memory, and apparatus for indicating the determined values.
摘要翻译： 优选地，在人体内非侵入性和体内测定五种血气参数（即，pH，PCO2，[HCO3-]，PO2和O2中的至少两种）的方法和装置。 非侵入性方法包括以下步骤：在500nm至2500nm的范围内产生三种或更多种不同波长的光; 照射含血液的组织; 测量从含血液组织出射的波长的强度，以获得至少三个光谱强度v。波长的集合; 并测定pH值，[HCO3-]，PCO2和氧浓度测量中至少两个的未知值。 确定的值在含血液组织中观察到的生理范围内。 该方法还包括以下步骤：提供校准样本，确定来自组织的光谱强度v。波长是否代表异常值，以及确定校准样本中是否存在任何异常值。 通过使用两个或多个变量和至少一个校准模型的至少一个多变量算法来执行未知值的确定。 优选地，针对正在确定的每个血液气体参数进行单独的校准。 该方法可以以脉冲模式使用并且也可以被侵入地使用。 该装置包括组织定位装置，源，至少一个检测器，电子装置，微处理器，存储器和用于指示所确定的值的装置。
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