公开(公告)号：US5691974A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US368570

申请日：1995-01-04

申请人： Ephraim Zehavi ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  Klein S. Gilhousen

发明人： Ephraim Zehavi ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  Klein S. Gilhousen

IPC分类号： H04B1/04 ,  H04B1/7075 ,  H04B1/7085 ,  H04B1/7087 ,  H04B1/7117 ,  H04B7/216 ,  H04J13/02

CPC分类号： H04B1/7085 ,  H04B1/7087 ,  H04B7/216 ,  H04B1/70753 ,  H04B1/7117

摘要： Method and apparatus for tracking the frequency and phase of signals in spread spectrum communication systems that makes more efficient use of available carrier frequency and phase information by utilizing a substantial portion or all of the energy occupying the frequency spectrum of a received carrier signal, including energy from communication signals intended for other system users. Multiple spread spectrum communication signals are input in parallel to data receivers where they are despread using preselected despreading codes at an adjustable phase angle and decoded over multiple orthogonal codes active within the communication system. Multiple decoded signals are then combined to form a single phase detection signal which is used by at least one tracking loop to track frequency and phase of the carrier signal for the received communication signals. The tracking loop generates a timing signal which is used to adjust the phase angle used during despreading. In further embodiments, the communication signals are despread using appropriate PN codes and separated into in-phase (I) and quadrature channels (Q) where data symbols are processed by fast Hadamard transformers to generate corresponding data bits. The data is formed into pairwise products between the channels and summed over multiple or all active subscriber orthogonal codes. This sum indicates a degree to which the estimated phase differs from the actual phase of received communication signals and is used to adjust the phase of application for the PN codes.

摘要翻译： 用于跟踪扩频通信系统中的信号的频率和相位的方法和装置，其通过利用占据所接收的载波信号的频谱（包括能量）的大部分或全部能量来更有效地利用可用的载波频率和相位信息 来自其他系统用户的通信信号。 多个扩展频谱通信信号并行地输入到数据接收机，在那里它们以可调相位角的预选去扩展码进行解扩，并且在通信系统内有效的多个正交码进行解码。 然后将多个解码信号组合以形成单相检测信号，该相位检测信号由至少一个跟踪环路用于跟踪所接收的通信信号的载波信号的频率和相位。 跟踪环路产生一个定时信号，用于调整在解扩过程中使用的相位角。 在另外的实施例中，使用合适的PN码对通信信号进行解扩，并将其分离成同相（I）和正交信道（Q），其中数据符号被快速哈达马德变换器处理以产生相应的数据位。 数据被形成为信道之间的成对产物，并且在多个或所有有效用户正交码上求和。 该和表示估计相位与接收到的通信信号的实际相位不同的程度，并且用于调整PN码的应用阶段。

公开(公告)号：US5592481A

公开(公告)日：1997-01-07

申请号：US465972

申请日：1995-06-06

申请人： Robert A. Wiedeman ,  Paul A. Monte ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  William Ames

发明人： Robert A. Wiedeman ,  Paul A. Monte ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  William Ames

IPC分类号： H04B7/26 ,  H04B7/15 ,  H04B7/155 ,  H04B7/185 ,  H04B7/195 ,  H04Q7/36

CPC分类号： H04B7/18541 ,  H04B7/18534 ,  H04B7/18539

摘要： A communication system (10), and a method executed by same, for allocating communications traffic through a plurality of satellites (12) of a constellation of low earth orbit satellites. Each of the plurality of satellites is oriented, at any given time when in view of a ground station (18), at a particular elevation angle. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing each of the plurality of satellites with a receiver for receiving communication links from the ground station and a transmitter for transmitting communication links to user terminals; (b) in response to a request for service, determining if a highest elevation angle satellite can be assigned a new communications link; (c) if yes, assigning a new communication link to the highest elevation angle satellite; (d) if no, determining if a second highest elevation angle satellite can be assigned a new communications link; and (e) if yes, assigning a new communication link to the second highest elevation angle satellite. A number of different criteria can be employed in determining if a satellite can be assigned a new communication link, including: determining if the associated satellite has already been assigned a predetermined maximum number of communication links; and determining if the associated satellite, or a particular beam, is transmitting at or near to a power level that corresponds to a maximum peak flux density at the surface of the earth. Each of the steps of assigning is preferably accomplished such that the communication link is simultaneously established through at least two of the satellites to provide for diversity reception at a user's terminal (13).

摘要翻译： 一种通信系统（10）及其执行方法，用于通过低地球轨道卫星星座的多个卫星（12）分配通信业务。 在地面站（18）的任何给定时间，多个卫星中的每一个在特定仰角处被定向。 该方法包括以下步骤：（a）向多个卫星中的每一个提供接收机，用于从地面站接收通信链路;以及发射机，用于向用户终端发送通信链路; （b）响应于服务请求，确定是否可以为最高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路; （c）如果是，分配新的通信链路到最高仰角卫星; （d）如果否，则确定是否可以为第二高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路; 和（e）如果是，则向第二高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路。 可以在确定卫星是否可以被分配新的通信链路时使用多种不同的标准，包括：确定相关联的卫星是否已经被分配了预定的最大数量的通信链路; 以及确定相关联的卫星或特定波束是否在与地球表面处的最大峰值通量密度相对应的功率水平处或附近发射。 分配的每个步骤优选地实现为使得通过至少两个卫星同时建立通信链路，以在用户终端（13）处提供分集接收。

公开(公告)号：US5812538A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-22

申请号：US778882

申请日：1997-01-03

申请人： Robert A. Wiedeman ,  Paul A. Monte ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  William Ames

发明人： Robert A. Wiedeman ,  Paul A. Monte ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  William Ames

IPC分类号： H04B7/26 ,  H04B7/15 ,  H04B7/155 ,  H04B7/185 ,  H04B7/195 ,  H04Q7/36

CPC分类号： H04B7/18541 ,  H04B7/18534 ,  H04B7/18539

摘要： A communication system (10), and a method executed by same, for allocating communications traffic through a plurality of satellites (12) of a constellation of low earth orbit satellites. Each of the plurality of satellites is oriented, at any given time when in view of a ground station (18), at a particular elevation angle. The method comprises the steps of: (a) providing each of the plurality of satellites with a receiver for receiving communication links from the ground station and a transmitter for transmitting communication links to user terminals; (b) in response to a request for service, determining if a highest elevation angle satellite can be assigned a new communications link; (c) if yes, assigning a new communication link to the highest elevation angle satellite; (d) if no, determining if a second highest elevation angle satellite can be assigned a new communications link; and (e) if yes, assigning a new communication link to the second highest elevation angle satellite. A number of different criteria can be employed in determining if a satellite can be assigned a new communication link, including: determining if the associated satellite has already been assigned a predetermined maximum number of communication links; and determining if the associated satellite, or a particular beam, is transmitting at or near to a power level that corresponds to a maximum peak flux density at the surface of the earth. Each of the steps of assigning is preferably accomplished such that the communication link is simultaneously established through at least two of the satellites to provide for diversity reception at a user's terminal (13).

摘要翻译： 一种通信系统（10）及其执行方法，用于通过低地球轨道卫星星座的多个卫星（12）分配通信业务。 在地面站（18）的任何给定时间，多个卫星中的每一个在特定仰角处被定向。 该方法包括以下步骤：（a）向多个卫星中的每一个提供接收机，用于从地面站接收通信链路;以及发射机，用于向用户终端发送通信链路; （b）响应于服务请求，确定是否可以为最高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路; （c）如果是，分配新的通信链路到最高仰角卫星; （d）如果否，则确定是否可以为第二高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路; 和（e）如果是，则向第二高仰角卫星分配新的通信链路。 可以在确定卫星是否可以被分配新的通信链路时使用多种不同的标准，包括：确定相关联的卫星是否已经被分配了预定的最大数量的通信链路; 以及确定相关联的卫星或特定波束是否在与地球表面处的最大峰值通量密度相对应的功率水平处或附近发射。 分配的每个步骤优选地实现为使得通过至少两个卫星同时建立通信链路，以在用户终端（13）处提供分集接收。

公开(公告)号：US5666122A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-09

申请号：US272485

申请日：1994-07-11

申请人： Stephen S. Carter

发明人： Stephen S. Carter

IPC分类号： G01S1/00 ,  H04B7/216 ,  G01S5/02 ,  H04B7/185

CPC分类号： G01S19/29 ,  G01S19/30 ,  H04B7/216

摘要： The signal acquisition process of the present invention enables a radio to rapidly acquire a pilot signal from a satellite after the radio has been out of contact with the satellite for a length of time. The radio first acquires a satellite pilot signal and determines its position in relation to the earth. If the radio is now shut off or loses track of the pilot signal for some other reason, the radio keeps track of the length of time that it has been out of contact with the satellite. This length of time enables the radio to estimate the extent of possible position changes and, therefore, which satellites might be in view and their relative positions to the radio. This allows the radio to make assumptions about variables such as the Doppler shift of the signal that reduces the uncertainty inherent in the acquisition process and the size of the window that must be searched.

摘要翻译： 本发明的信号获取处理使无线电在无线电已经与卫星脱离接触一段时间后，迅速地从卫星获取导频信号。 无线电首先获取卫星导频信号并确定其相对于地球的位置。 如果由于某些其他原因现在无线电被关闭或失去了导频信号的轨道，则无线电跟踪与卫星脱离接触的时间长度。 这个时间长度使得无线电能够估计可能的位置变化的程度，并且因此估计哪些卫星可能在视野中以及它们对无线电的相对位置。 这允许无线电设备对诸如减少采集过程中固有的不确定性的信号的多普勒频移以及必须搜索的窗口的大小的变量做出假设。

公开(公告)号：US09065553B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-23

申请号：US13230323

申请日：2011-09-12

申请人： Stephen S. Carter ,  Vito R. Bica ,  Jin Guo

发明人： Stephen S. Carter ,  Vito R. Bica ,  Jin Guo

IPC分类号： G10K11/00 ,  H04B11/00 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： H04B11/00 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06F19/3418

摘要： The various embodiments provide systems, devices, and methods which include an acoustic tag configured to transmit an acoustic signal through a contact medium that may be received by an acoustic modem, with the acoustic signal configured to transmit information. By modulating sound traveling through an acoustic connection between the fluid container and a pump, meter or valve, information such as an identifier of the fluid or container may be transmitted without risk of confusion with other fluid containers in the vicinity. In a medical embodiment, IV fluid and the IV drip tube provide a fluid and plastic acoustic connection to an IV pumping or metering device and an IV bag through which sound may be transmitted. The transmission of identification information through this physical connection may insure that the pumping or metering device only communicates with the IV bag coupled to the pump. Acoustic tags may be active or passive.

摘要翻译： 各种实施例提供了系统，装置和方法，其包括被配置为通过可由声调制解调器接收的接触介质传输声信号的声标签，声信号被配置为传送信息。 通过调节通过流体容器和泵，仪表或阀之间的声学​​连接传播的声音，可以传输诸如流体或容器的标识符的信息而不会与附近的其它流体容器混淆的风险。 在医疗实施例中，IV流体和IV滴管提供与IV泵送或计量装置的流体和塑料声学连接以及可以传播声音的IV袋。 通过该物理连接传输识别信息可以确保泵送或计量装置仅与耦合到泵的IV袋通信。 声学标签可能是主动的或被动的。

公开(公告)号：US07373175B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-13

申请号：US10096142

申请日：2002-03-08

申请人： Stephen S. Carter ,  Paul K. Johnson

发明人： Stephen S. Carter ,  Paul K. Johnson

IPC分类号： H04Q7/30

CPC分类号： G01S19/09 ,  G01S5/0081 ,  H04J3/0682

摘要： A server-assisted approach for synchronizing timebases (120 and 140) in a client-server system utilizes global positioning system (GPS) receivers (136 and 110) at both the client and server. In a typical implementation, the GPS receiver (136) associated with the client system receives fragmentary or incomplete data from satellites that are part of the GPS. Thus, the client GPS receiver (136) is capable of receiving only fragmentary information and cannot derive accurate time signals therefrom. The server system (102) is associated with a GPS receiver (110) capable of generating accurate time and position data based on signals from GPS satellites (114). The fragmentary information from the client GPS receiver (136) is transmitted to the server (126) along with time information indicating the time at which the client captured the fragmentary GPS data. The server (126) analyzes the fragmentary GPS data with respect to the complete GPS data available from the GPS receiver (110) associated with the server. The server (126) accurately determines the actual time at which the fragmentary GPS data was captured and transmits timing signals to the client (146). The timing signals are used to correct the client timebase (140) thus synchronizing the client and server timebases (140 and 120).

摘要翻译： 用于在客户机 - 服务器系统中同步时基（120和140）的服务器辅助方法在客户端和服务器两者都使用全球定位系统（GPS）接收器（136和110）。 在典型的实现中，与客户系统相关联的GPS接收器（136）从作为GPS的一部分的卫星接收碎片或不完整的数据。 因此，客户端GPS接收机（136）能够仅接收到部分信息，并且不能从其导出准确的时间信号。 服务器系统（102）与能够基于来自GPS卫星（114）的信号产生准确的时间和位置数据的GPS接收器（110）相关联。 来自客户端GPS接收器（136）的部分信息与指示客户端捕获部分GPS数据的时间的时间信息一起发送到服务器（126）。 服务器（126）分析关于与服务器相关联的GPS接收器（110）可用的​​完整GPS数据的部分GPS数据。 服务器（126）准确地确定捕获碎片GPS数据的实际时间，并将定时信号发送给客户端（146）。 定时信号用于校正客户端时基（140），从而同步客户端和服务器时基（140和120）。

公开(公告)号：US07333614B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US09991506

申请日：2001-11-16

申请人： Tad Jarosinski ,  Daniel H. Agre ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  Mehraban Iraninejad ,  Joseph P. Odenwalder ,  Roy Franklin Quick ,  Charles E. Wheatley

发明人： Tad Jarosinski ,  Daniel H. Agre ,  Stephen S. Carter ,  Mehraban Iraninejad ,  Joseph P. Odenwalder ,  Roy Franklin Quick ,  Charles E. Wheatley

IPC分类号： H04N7/167

CPC分类号： H04J13/0022 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L2209/34 ,  H04L2209/80

摘要： A system and method for encrypting all channels of a wireless spread spectrum communication at the chip level. The PN sequence is encrypted with one or more encryption sequences and then used to spread the signal.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在芯片级加密无线扩频通信的所有信道的系统和方法。 PN序列用一个或多个加密序列加密，然后用于扩展信号。