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公开(公告)号：US5837959A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-17
申请号：US536622
申请日：1995-09-28
CPC分类号： H05H1/42 , H05H2001/3463 , H05H2001/3478
摘要： A single cathode plasma gun injects powder therein so that the powder exits along a central axis of an exit barrel of the gun, in order to provide improved coatings of the powder material on a workpiece. The central axis of the single cathode extends from an arc chamber and intersects with the central axis of the exit barrel so as to form an acute angle which is substantially greater than 0.degree. but no greater than 90.degree.. Examples of the acute angle include 45.degree. and 10.degree.. A powder feed passage extends along an axis which may be coincident with the central axis of the exit barrel or may form an angle with the central axis of the exit barrel of as much as 45.degree.. Consequently, the axis of the powder feed passage forms an angle with the central axis of the single cathode which is at least as great as the acute angle between the central axes of the single cathode and the exit barrel. Existing plasma guns can be retrofitted with a new anode attachment to achieve desired angles of plasma flow and powder delivery. Where the central axis of the single cathode forms an acute angle with the central axis of the exit barrel, the resulting bend in the passage extending from the arc chamber below the single cathode is disposed adjacent an entry end of the exit barrel, and the powder feed passage terminates adjacent such bend. Alternatively, the powder can be introduced into the middle of the plasma stream at the entry end of the exit barrel by a powder injector extending into the exit barrel from the wall of the passage. The single cathode can be axially adjusted to move the charged plasma region adjacent the termination of the powder feed passage, for more effective heating of the powder. The angles formed by the central axes of the single cathode and the powder feed passage relative to the central axis of the exit barrel can be adjusted relative to each other so that the injected powder is deflected along the central axis of the exit barrel, again providing for an improved coating of the powder material on a workpiece.
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2.发明授权Plasma gun apparatus for forming dense, uniform coatings on large substrates 失效等离子枪装置，用于在大基材上形成致密均匀的涂层
公开(公告)号：US5679167A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-21
申请号：US292399
申请日：1994-08-18
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
摘要： A plasma system forms a dense, uniform coating of metallic oxide or other material on a relatively large substrate of metal foil or other composition located a substantial distance from the plasma gun so that the plasma stream covers the entire width of the substrate. A large pressure differential between the pressure inside the plasma gun and the ambient pressure outside of the plasma gun creates a shock pattern within the exiting plasma-stream so as to disperse the plasma stream and maintain a high energy level therein, as well as thoroughly mixing a coating material introduced into the plasma stream within the gun. Mixing of the coating material within the plasma stream is further enhanced by introducing the coating material into the plasma stream in the form of very small particles. In one arrangement, the plasma stream is delivered in a long, narrow configuration across the width of the substrate by a nozzle with a slit-like opening at the lower end of the plasma gun. In still other arrangements, a plasma stream of elongated configuration is provided by a plasma gun of elongated configuration having an elongated cathode assembly disposed within the hollow interior of an elongated anode having a nozzle-forming slot therein.
摘要翻译： 等离子体系统在与等离子体枪相距很远的金属箔或其它组合物的相对较大的基底上形成致密均匀的金属氧化物或其它材料的涂层，使得等离子体流覆盖基底的整个宽度。 等离子体枪内部的压力与等离子枪外部的环境压力之间的大的压力差在离开的等离子体流中产生冲击模式，从而分散等离子体流并保持其中的高能量水平，以及充分混合 引入枪内的等离子体流中的涂料。 通过将涂层材料以非常小的颗粒的形式引入等离子体流中，进一步提高了等离子体流中涂层材料的混合。 在一种布置中，等离子体流通过在等离子体枪的下端处具有狭缝状开口的喷嘴沿着基板的宽度以长而窄的结构输送。 在另外的布置中，细长结构的等离子体流由细长结构的等离子体枪提供，其具有设置在其中具有喷嘴形成槽的细长阳极的中空内部的细长阴极组件。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4371563A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US277020
申请日：1981-06-24
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
CPC分类号： B05B15/1225 , B01D47/024
摘要： An overspray filter collector unit for a plasma spray system filters fine, relatively small particulate from the overspray upstream of the vacuum pumps. The filter collector unit includes a hollow tank having a pool of oil at the bottom thereof having a top surface onto which the overspray is directed from an inlet conduit. Some of the particulate matter is deposited in the oil and at the same time oil droplets and vapor are entrained in the overspray as it deflects from the oil surface into a tortuous path defined by a plurality of baffles within the tank. The baffle surfaces are wetted by the oil vapor and droplets, and the resulting oil coating entraps the remaining particulate in the overspray before the overspray exits via an outlet conduit to the vacuum pumps. The oil on the surfaces of the baffles with the entrapped particulate therein continuously drains via gravity to the pool of oil at the bottom of the tank and is replaced by oil at the surface of the pool entrained into the continuous flow of overspray. When the accumulation of particulate in the oil is such that the oil rises to a predetermined level, the oil is drained and replaced with fresh oil.
摘要翻译： 用于等离子体喷射系统的过喷器过滤器收集器单元从真空泵上游的过喷器过滤细小的相对小的颗粒。 过滤器收集器单元包括在其底部具有油池的中空罐，其具有顶表面，超喷射器从入口导管被引导到该顶表面上。 一些颗粒物质沉积在油中，并且同时油滴和蒸汽被夹带在过喷中，因为它从油表面偏转到由槽内的多个挡板限定的曲折路径。 挡板表面被油蒸气和液滴润湿，并且所得到的油涂层在剩余的颗粒在过喷之前将其通过出口导管排出到真空泵。 具有捕获的颗粒的挡板表面上的油通过重力连续排出到罐底部的油池中，并在被夹带在连续的喷射过程中的池的表面上被油代替。 当油中的颗粒积聚使得油上升到预定水平时，油被排出并用新鲜的油代替。
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公开(公告)号：US5853815A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-29
申请号：US922001
申请日：1997-09-02
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
摘要： A plasma system forms a dense, uniform coating of metallic oxide or other material on a relatively large substrate of metal foil or other composition located a substantial distance from the plasma gun so that the plasma stream covers the entire width of the substrate. A large pressure differential between the pressure inside the plasma gun and the ambient pressure outside of the plasma gun creates a shock pattern within the exiting plasma stream so as to disperse the plasma stream and maintain a high energy level therein, as well as thoroughly mixing a coating material introduced into the plasma stream within the gun. Mixing of the coating material within the plasma stream is further enhanced by introducing the coating material into the plasma stream either in liquid form or in the form of very small particles. In one arrangement, the plasma stream is delivered in a long, narrow configuration across the width of the substrate by a nozzle with a slit-like opening at the lower end of the plasma gun. In still other arrangements, a plasma stream of elongated configuration is provided by a plasma gun of elongated configuration having an elongated cathode assembly disposed within the hollow interior of an elongated anode having a nozzle-forming slot therein. Arc gas introduced into the space between the cathode and adjacent portions of the anode flows out of the slot to form a broad plume plasma stream, in conjunction with spray material introduced in powder form into the spaces between the cathode and the opposite portions of the anode along the length of the plasma gun. The cathode assembly may be of integral construction along the length of the anode, or it may be divided into plural segments disposed in spaced-apart relation along the length of the anode.
摘要翻译： 等离子体系统在与等离子体枪相距很远的金属箔或其它组合物的相对较大的基底上形成致密均匀的金属氧化物或其它材料的涂层，使得等离子体流覆盖基底的整个宽度。 等离子体枪内部的压力与等离子体枪外部的环境压力之间的大的压力差在离开的等离子体流中产生冲击模式，从而分散等离子体流并在其中保持高的能量水平，以及彻底混合 将涂料引入枪内的等离子体流中。 通过将涂层材料以液体形式或以非常小的颗粒的形式引入等离子体流中，进一步提高了等离子体流中涂层材料的混合。 在一种布置中，等离子体流通过在等离子体枪的下端处具有狭缝状开口的喷嘴沿着基板的宽度以长而窄的结构输送。 在另外的布置中，细长结构的等离子体流由细长结构的等离子体枪提供，其具有设置在其中具有喷嘴形成槽的细长阳极的中空内部的细长阴极组件。 引入阴极和阳极相邻部分之间的空气中的电弧气体流出槽，以形成宽的羽流等离子流，结合以粉末形式引入阴极和阳极相对部分之间的空间的喷雾材料 沿等离子枪的长度。 阴极组件可以沿着阳极的长度为整体结构，或者可以沿着阳极的长度被分成以间隔开的关系设置的多个部分。
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公开(公告)号：US5637242A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-10
申请号：US285973
申请日：1994-08-04
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
CPC分类号： H05H1/34 , B23K10/027 , H05H2001/3442 , H05H2001/3478 , H05H2001/3484
摘要： A high velocity, high pressure plasma gun operates in stable fashion and with a relatively constant arc input power using a highly combustible arc gas such as nitrogen. The gun includes an anode having an internal arc chamber and a nozzle extending through the anode from the arc chamber. The gun also includes a cathode disposed within the anode and having a generally cylindrical tip portion with a flat surface facing the arc chamber and formed by a tungsten insert in the tip portion. The arc chamber, which has a wall of varying slope along the length thereof, may comprise successive conical portions of different slope and shape, or it may comprise a bell-shaped configuration. The flat surface of the cathode tip portion and the varying wall slope of the arc chamber combine to prevent the arc produced by nitrogen or other highly combustible arc gases form burning or otherwise damaging the cathode tip and the arc chamber.
摘要翻译： 高速，高压等离子体枪使用高度可燃的电弧气体（例如氮气）以稳定的方式运行并具有相对恒定的电弧输入功率。 枪包括具有内部电弧室的阳极和从电弧室延伸穿过阳极的喷嘴。 枪还包括设置在阳极内的阴极，并且具有大致圆柱形的尖端部分，其平坦表面面向电弧室并由尖端部分中的钨插入件形成。 具有沿着其长度具有不同斜率的壁的电弧室可以包括不同斜率和形状的连续锥形部分，或者其可以包括钟形构造。 阴极端部的平坦表面和电弧室的变化的壁面倾斜结合，以防止由氮气或其它高度可燃的电弧气体产生的电弧燃烧或以其他方式损坏阴极尖端和电弧室。
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公开(公告)号：US5225655A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US529859
申请日：1990-05-29
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
CPC分类号： B23K10/027 , B05B7/1404 , B05B7/168 , B05B7/226
摘要： Apparatus for delivering heated powder to the plasma gun of the thermal spray plasma system includes a hollow heater tube coupled between a powder feeder and the plasma gun and a power supply coupled between opposite ends of the heater tube. The power supply heats the walls of the heater tube to a temperature below the melting point of the powder particles, to prevent melting and adhesion of the particles thereto. The length of the heater tube is selected to provide an adequate dwell-time of the powder particles therein for a given powder flow rate, so that even relatively large powder particles are heated to a temperature relatively close to that of the heater tube walls upon delivery to the plasma gun. The efficiency of the heater tube is improved by a water cooled reflector tube concentrically disposed about the outside of the heater tube, with oxidation of the tube surfaces being prevented by a flow of inert gas along the space between the heater and reflector tubes. The heated powder delivery apparatus can be used by itself and without the plasma gun to effect thermal spraying in instances where the powder is of the type that can be heated close to the melting point without adhering or clogging. One or more ring-shaped electrodes and associated DC power supplies can be disposed within the plasma stream to provide additional powder particle heating and control within the plasma stream itself.
摘要翻译： 用于将热粉末输送到热喷涂等离子体系统的等离子体枪的设备包括耦合在粉末馈送器和等离子体枪之间的中空加热器管和耦合在加热器管的相对端之间的电源。 电源将加热器管的壁加热到低于粉末颗粒的熔点的温度，以防止颗粒熔化和粘附。 选择加热器管的长度以在给定的粉末流速下为粉末颗粒提供足够的停留时间，使得即使相对较大的粉末颗粒在输送时也被加热到相对接近加热器管壁的温度 到等离子枪。 加热器管的效率通过围绕加热器管的外部同心设置的水冷反射管改善，通过沿着加热器和反射管之间的空间的惰性气体的流动来防止管表面的氧化。 可以使用本发明的加热粉末输送装置，而不需要等离子体枪即可实现热喷涂，在这种情况下，粉末可以被加热而接近熔点而不粘附或堵塞。 一个或多个环形电极和相关联的直流电源可以设置在等离子体流内，以在等离子体流本身内提供附加的粉末颗粒加热和控制。
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公开(公告)号：US4877640A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-31
申请号：US181400
申请日：1988-04-13
CPC分类号： B22F1/0088 , C23C4/134 , C23G5/00
摘要： Metal particles in powdered form are cleaned of oxides by a method in which the particles are introduced into a plasma stream in the presence of a continuous negative transfer arc. Ionization of a gas within a plasma gun produces a plasma stream into which the metal particles are introduced at a location within the plasma gun. A negative transfer arc power source is continuously coupled between the plasma gun and a cathode downstream of the plasma gun and within the plasma stream to remove oxide coatings from the metal particles as they travel along the plasma stream to either a receptacle located downstream from the cathode or to a substrate which forms the cathode and onto which a relatively oxide-free coating is formed by the metal particles. Such methods of oxide removal are particularly effective with highly oxidizable refractory materials such as titanium, tantalum and aluminum.
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公开(公告)号：US4808042A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US736972
申请日：1985-05-22
摘要： A powder feeder for dispensing controlled amounts of powder into a gas stream in a supersonic plasma spraying environment utilizes a stir spindle and a feed impeller mounted on a rotatable first drive shaft at the bottom of a powder cannister to agitate and mix the powder and then dispense the powder in controlled amounts from an aperture in the bottom of the cannister as the first drive shaft is driven by a motor. The controlled amounts of powder dispensed through the aperture in the bottom of the cannister are directed by a conduit through an aperture in the upper end of a housing and into a plurality of slots circumferentially formed about the outer periphery of a feedwheel mounted within the housing to be rotatably driven by a second drive shaft which is also coupled to be driven by the motor. The slots which are uniform in size have bottom surfaces and opposite side surfaces formed by opposite vanes extending upwardly from the upper surface of the feedwheel between a first hollow tube mounted in a fixed location relative to the feedwheel so as to direct a gas flow through the slots and an opposite second hollow tube disposed to receive the gas flow and the powder loaded into the slots. The constant action of the stir spindle, the feed impeller and the feedwheel provides a relatively constant, uniform supply of the powder to the gas stream, even in the face of varying operating conditions.
摘要翻译： 用于在超音速等离子喷涂环境中将受控量的粉末分配到气流中的粉末进料器利用搅拌轴和安装在粉末罐的底部的可旋转的第一驱动轴上的进料叶轮，搅拌并混合粉末，然后分配 作为第一驱动轴的从罐的底部的孔的受控量的粉末由电动机驱动。 通过罐的底部中的孔分配的粉末的受控量通过导管通过壳体的上端中的孔引导到围绕安装在壳体内的进给轮的外周围周向形成的多个槽中， 由第二驱动轴可旋转地驱动，第二驱动轴也联接以由马达驱动。 均匀尺寸的槽具有底面和相对的侧面，该相对侧面由相对的叶片形成，该相对叶片从馈送轮的上表面向上延伸，该第一中空管相对于进给轮安装在固定位置，以引导气流通过 槽和相对的第二中空管，其设置成接收气流并将粉末装载到槽中。 即使面对变化的操作条件，搅拌轴，进料叶轮和进料轮的恒定作用也能使粉末均匀地供应到气流中。
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公开(公告)号：US4740112A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-26
申请号：US412003
申请日：1982-08-27
CPC分类号： B05B7/1404 , B01F3/06
摘要： A powder feed control system employs an arrangement of conduits and valves for selectively directing a gas flow either through a powder feeder or through a bypass so as to quickly and precisely control the introduction of powder into and the removal of powder from the gas flow in a plasma spraying system. The arrangement of conduits and valves includes a two-way solenoid operated valve for directing the gas flow either into a powder feeder through a main conduit or into a bypass conduit which rejoins the main conduit on the other side of the powder feeder at a powder shutoff valve and a bypass and check valve. The bypass and check valve insures that the gas flow in the bypass conduit flows to the output rather than upstream to the powder shutoff valve. The powder shutoff valve includes a resilient member mounted within the bore of a housing and collapsible upon itself to close off an internal bore therein in response to the introduction of pressurized gas into a space between the housing bore and the resilient member. Air introduced into a cannister in the powder feeder with the loading of powder into the cannister is removed by an arrangement which includes a valve for selectively coupling the inside of the cannister to a vacuum source.
摘要翻译： 粉末进料控制系统使用导管和阀的布置，用于选择性地将气流引导通过粉末进料器或通过旁路，以便快速且精确地控制粉末的引入和从气流中去除粉末 等离子喷涂系统。 导管和阀的布置包括双向电磁阀，用于将气流引导通过主导管或粉末供给器进入旁路导管，该旁路导管以粉末截止状态在粉末供给器的另一侧重新连接主导管 阀门和旁路和止回阀。 旁通阀和止回阀确保旁路管道中的气体流量流向输出而不是粉末截止阀的上游。 粉末截止阀包括安装在壳体的孔内并可折叠在其上的弹性构件，以响应于将加压气体引入壳体孔和弹性构件之间的空间而关闭其中的内部孔。 通过包括用于选择性地将罐的内部耦合到真空源的阀的装置，将引入粉末进料器中的料筒的空气通过将粉末装载到罐中而被去除。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4689468A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-25
申请号：US827726
申请日：1986-02-10
申请人： Erich Muehlberger
发明人： Erich Muehlberger
摘要： In a plasma spraying system in which a main plasma gun electrically coupled to a workpiece or target and equipped with apparatus for introducing a spray powder therein provides a plasma stream to the target at high temperatures and supersonic speeds with an accompanying transfer arc between the main plasma gun and the target in a given polarity relative to the target, apparatus is present for simultaneously providing a second transfer arc at the target which has an opposite polarity relative to the target from the polarity of the transfer arc provided by the main plasma gun. The second transfer arc which is provided by a separate second or clean-up plasma gun electrically coupled to the target acts to reduce oxides at the target during melting of the target, spraying of the target with metallic powders and other plasma operations. The transfer arcs are provided by the main and clean-up plasma guns in conjunction with direct current power supplies coupled between the target and the guns so as to render the target positive with respect to one of the plasma guns and negative with respect to the other plasma gun. Additional direct current power supplies coupled to the main and clean-up plasma guns provide the plasma guns with pilot arcs.
摘要翻译： 在等离子体喷涂系统中，其中等离子体电子枪电耦合到工件或目标并配备有用于在其中引入喷雾粉末的装置的等离子体枪在高温和超音速下提供等离子体流到目标物体上，伴随着主等离子体 枪和靶以相对于目标的给定极性为目标，存在用于在目标处同时提供相对于靶的极性相对于第二传输电弧的设备，所述第二传输电弧与由主等离子体枪提供的传输电弧的极性相反。 电耦合到目标的单独的第二或清除等离子体枪提供的第二传输电弧用于在靶熔化期间减少靶处的氧化物，用金属粉末喷射靶和其它等离子体操作。 转移弧由主要和清理的等离子体枪结合在目标和枪之间耦合的直流电源提供，以使目标相对于其中一个等离子体枪为正，相对于另一个则为负 等离子枪 连接到主要和清理等离子体枪的附加直流电源为等离子枪提供了导频弧。
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