摘要:
A spectral data analyzer is disclosed. The spectral data analyzer calculates the spectral intensity ratio of a C—H band and an amide I band in a Raman spectrum that corresponds to a substance present in a body tissue; and automatically determines the presence or absence of amyloid beta in the substance based on the calculated ratio.
摘要:
A functional device which is composed of a nanometer-sized functional structure, which can reduce connection resistance in connecting the functional structure to an external electrode, and which includes a wiring section capable of minimizing constraints given to structural designs of various functional structures, and a method of manufacturing it are provided. A functional device in which a functional structure having contained sections in positions spaced from each other is retained by a carbon nanotube. A gap is formed in the carbon nanotube, and the carbon nanotube is segmented into a first carbon nanotube and a second carbon nanotube by the gap. One of the contained sections is contained in the first carbon nanotube at an opening of the first carbon nanotube facing the gap, and the other of the contained sections is contained in the second carbon nanotube at an opening of the second carbon nanotube facing the gap.
摘要:
A driving method for a liquid crystal device includes the steps of providing a first substrate with a unidirectionally aligned data electrode group and a second substrate with a select-electrode group aligned perpendicularly to the data electrode; applying a select pulse to the select electrodes; and providing a pause corresponding to at least one line before a data-pulse sequence is applied to the data-electrode group. The select pulse can be synchronized with the data-pulse sequence by shifting them a half line relative to each other so that the select pulse and the data pulse have opposite polarity in relation to each other. Alternatively, the select pulse is applied while the data pulse sequence is applied to the data electrode group. In the latter case, the time and/or voltage is determined so as to offset the effects of the reversed electric field generated during switching of the liquid crystal.
摘要:
A functional molecular element is provided. The functional molecular element is adapted to change, by application of electric field, conformation of a disc shape like organic metallic complex molecule (1) which forms a columnar arrangement structure to exhibit function, wherein the structure of the organic metallic complex molecule is changed by application of electric field so that anisotropy of dielectric constant is changed. Accordingly, conductivity between measurement electrodes can be switched. As its stable value, there are three kinds of stable values or more. Thus, elements or devices to which such multi-value memory characteristic is applied can be constituted.
摘要:
A functional molecular device displaying its functions under the action of an electrical field is provided. A Louis base molecule, exhibiting positive dielectric constant anisotropy or exhibiting dipole moment along the long-axis direction of the Louis base molecule, is arrayed in the form of a pendant on an electrically conductive linear or film-shaped principal-axis molecule of a conjugated system, via a metal ion capable of acting as a Louis acid. The resulting structure is changed in conformation on application of an electrical field to exhibit its function. The electrically conductive linear or film-shaped principal-axis molecule and the Louis base molecule form a complex with the metal ion. On application of the electrical field, the Louis base molecule performs a swinging movement or a seesaw movement to switch the electrical conductivity of the principal-axis molecule. This molecule exhibits electrical characteristics which may be reversed depending on whether or not the molecule has been subjected to electrical field processing. A molecular device having a function equivalent to one of CMOS may be produced from one and the same material.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal provided between the paired substrates wherein domains whose threshold voltages are different from one another are finely distributed throughout the liquid crystal. In particular, the respective substrates each has a transparent electrode and an alignment film formed thereon in this order and the substrates are assembled to establish a given space therebetween, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal being injected into the given space wherein domains are finely distributed as set out above, thereby providing a a liquid crystal display device. The fine distribution is such that when a transmittance through inverted domains is 25%, the number of domains (microdomains) having a size of larger than 2 .mu.m.phi. in a field of 1 mm.sup.2 is not smaller than 300, preferably not smaller than 600, and the width of the threshold voltage within the domains is not smaller than 2 volts within a transmittance range of from 10 to 90%. The liquid crystal device, particularly the display device, keeps a high contrast and can easily, reliably realize an analog gray-scale display at low costs.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to an element for modulating area, in which there is used a functional molecular element adapted to change, by application of electric field, conformation of disc-shape like organic metallic complex molecule to exhibit function so that the structure of the organic metallic complex molecule is changed by application of electric field and the occupation area thereof is thus changed. The area modulating element is adapted to variously change molecular structure in accordance with control of applied electric field to change occupation area of molecule to thereby constitute a functional device such as optical filter and/or optical screen, etc.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are a liquid crystal composition which has a low viscosity and exhibits a high response speed while keeping the characteristic properties (e.g., orientation and switching performance) required of liquid crystal materials, a liquid crystal element based on said liquid crystal composition, and a process for producing said liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition contains a clathrate compound of liquid crystal molecules with cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof. The clathrate compound functions to increase the free volume of liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal composition is prepared by dissolving in a solvent a liquid crystal and cyclodextrin (or a derivative thereof), thereby forming a clathrate compound and adding this clathrate compound to a base liquid crystal material.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device such as an FLC display which is significantly reduced for the temperature dependence of the liquid crystal properties. A liquid crystal optical device 31 in which a plurality of transparent substrates 2a, 2b are opposed to each other at a predetermined gap 32, with transparent electrodes 3a, 3b and liquid crystal alignment films 4a, 4b being disposed, respectively, to the opposing surfaces and ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) 30 is disposed in the gap 32, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal 30 has a layer texture 30A, and the change of the layer tilt angle is less than 3.degree. within an entire temperature range in the smectic C* phase. An atom group substituted and introduced with a fluorine atom is bonded to a chiral molecular skeleton of a ferro electric liquid crystal molecule, and the atom group substituted and introduced with a fluorine atom has a fluorinated phenylene ring, wherein said liquid crystal material has a uniform texture achieved by applying rectangular electric pulses while slowly cooling from an isotropic phase to a low temperature smectic A phase, followed by application of bipolar electric pulses while cooling to room temperature.
摘要:
An optical device according to this invention includes a phase modulating optical unit comprising a plurality of optically transparent base members each of which includes an optically transparent electrode and an alignment film formed in this order, and an optically transparent birefringent medium, wherein the optically transparent base members are spaced from one another at predetermined intervals so that the electrode and the alignment film of a base member is confronted to the electrode and the alignment film of another base member, and at least one kind of liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC), antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) and smectic liquid crystal having an electro clinic effect (SmA) (or mixed liquid crystals thereof) is injected into gaps between the base members.