Abstract:
A method for forming a solid electrolyte interface on a lithium-ion battery electrode is provided. The method includes a step of introducing a first quantity of a first electrolyte composition into a container. The container includes at least one lithium-ion battery cell and the first electrolyte composition including ethylene carbonate. The lithium-ion battery cell is cycled for at least one charging cycle such that one or more solid electrolyte interfaces are formed. A second electrolyte composition is introduced into the container to form a final electrolyte composition, the second electrolyte composition including propylene carbonate.
Abstract:
A fuel cell system includes a plurality of fuel cells. Each of the fuel cells may include a current bypass device that is configured to flow a current responsive to an anode potential exceeding a cathode potential to prevent carbon corrosion within the fuel cell.
Abstract:
According to one or more embodiments, a method of producing a lithium-ion cell includes constructing a cell defining a cavity housing an electrode assembly including a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte, forming the cell to generate formation gas in the cavity, and releasing the formation gas from the cavity. The method further includes placing a solid adsorbent in the cavity adjacent the electrode assembly after the releasing, and sealing the cavity with the solid adsorbent therein such that post-formation gas is adsorbed by the solid adsorbent in the cavity.
Abstract:
A vehicle having a traction battery with at least one cell includes a controller coupled to the traction battery and programmed to control charging and discharging of the traction battery in response to detecting lithium plating in the at least one cell indicated by a ratio of differential voltage of the at least one cell as a function of time to cell charging rate of the at least one cell. The ratio may be compared to a threshold associated with current battery state of charge to indicate lithium plating when the ratio is below the threshold. Lithium plating may also be detected based on a measured cell open circuit voltage (OCV) relative to a previously stored OCV value. The measured OCV value may be calculated based on a measured cell voltage and current, and a previously stored cell internal resistance.
Abstract:
A metal-ion battery includes an anode assembly and a cathode assembly ionically coupled by an electrolyte. The anode assembly includes a current collector and an anode material capable of intercalation of metal-ions. When the battery is at rest, ionic transfer between the anode and cathode at a minimum and the anode assembly potential with respect to the electrolyte may increase. The increased potential may exceed the reduction potential of the current collector material causing ions to erode from the current collector and contaminate the cathode. The use of a metal, metal alloy or metal compound reduces the rest potential and erosion of the current collector. For example, a lithium foil physically in contact with a copper current collector in a lithium-ion battery reduces the overall anode potential thereby reducing copper dissolution.
Abstract:
In at least one embodiment, a lithium-ion battery is provided comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator situated between the electrodes. At least one of the electrodes may include a proton absorbing material. The proton absorbing material may be an atomic intermetallic material including a proton absorbed state. The proton absorbing material may react with protons in the electrolyte to reduce moisture formation and cathode degradation in the battery. The proton absorbing material may absorb at least 0.5 wt. % hydrogen and may be present in the anode and/or cathode in an amount from 0.01 to 5 wt. %.
Abstract:
A mixed positive electrode material for a battery includes a primary positive electrode material that includes nickel in an amount from about 30 weight percent to about 99 weight percent of the total weight of the primary positive electrode material. The primary positive electrode material has a structure that allowed intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions. The mixed positive electrode material also includes a secondary positive electrode material having a structure that allows intercalation and de-intercalation of sodium ions. Advantageously, the mixed positive electrode material can be used as the cathode active material in a battery.
Abstract:
A hybrid positive electrode active material includes a first positive electrode active powder and a second positive electrode active powder. Each particle of the second positive electrode active powder contacts a plurality of particles of the first positive electrode active material. Characteristically, the average particle size of the first positive electrode active powder is smaller than the average particle size of the second positive electrode active powder.
Abstract:
A negative electrode for a lithium-ion battery includes a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active layer disposed over the negative electrode current collector, and a ceramic particle-containing layer disposed over the negative electrode active layer. The negative electrode active layer is composed of negative electrode active material. Advantageously, the ceramic particle-containing layer is composed of ceramic particles and a binder where the binder is composed of the residues of cross-linkable monomers.
Abstract:
In at least one embodiment, a method of scavenging hydrogen in a lithium-ion battery is provided. The method may comprise including an atomic intermetallic material in at least one of a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery and reacting hydrogen present inside the lithium-ion battery with the atomic intermetallic material to form a metal hydride. The method may include preparing a positive electrode slurry and a negative electrode slurry, each slurry including an active material and a binder, mixing an atomic intermetallic material including a proton absorbed state into at least one of the slurries, and casting the slurries to form a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The method may alternately include applying an atomic intermetallic material including a proton absorbed state to a surface of at least one of a lithium-ion battery positive electrode or negative electrode.