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公开(公告)号：US5315533A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US702733
申请日：1991-05-17
申请人： Frederick A. Stich , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Richard V. Baxter, Jr. , Douglas C. Folts , Thomas G. Hubert , Juan M. Medina , William J. Hazen , Edward G. Beistle
发明人： Frederick A. Stich , Donald K. Zahrte, Sr. , Richard V. Baxter, Jr. , Douglas C. Folts , Thomas G. Hubert , Juan M. Medina , William J. Hazen , Edward G. Beistle
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , Y10T307/625
摘要： A back-up uninterruptible power system has a power supply path from input terminals connected to AC power system lines to normally supply power to a load. Upon the occurrence of a line fault, a static switch in the power supply path interrupts the connection between the AC power lines and the load and an inverter is turned on to provide power derived from an auxiliary battery through a transformer to the power supply path to supply AC power to the load. By using the static switch, switching from line connection to backup power can be done quickly, within a half cycle, so that substantially no interruption of the output waveform is observed. The inverter can be operated to provide a commutation pulse to the SCRs in the static switch to commutate an SCR which might otherwise continue conducting after the triggering signals to the gates are cut off and before the inverter supplies the AC power to the load. A relay connected between the input terminals and the static switch is controlled to open relay contacts after the static switch has interrupted the current flow to the load, thereby providing positive electrical isolation of the AC power system from the uninterruptible power system while allowing the mechanical relay contacts to switch only during times of no current. Line fault detection is carried out by creating a digital waveform composed of an average of prior cycles of the AC input waveform, converting the stored waveform to an analog signal, and comparing it with the present input signal in phase lock therewith to detect deviation of the input signal from the reference waveform.
摘要翻译： 备用的不间断电力系统具有从连接到AC电力系统线路的输入端子的电源路径，以正常地向负载供电。 在发生线路故障时，电源路径中的静态开关中断交流电力线与负载之间的连接，并且逆变器接通，以通过变压器提供从辅助电池获得的功率到电源路径 为负载提供交流电源。 通过使用静态开关，可以在半个周期内快速地进行从线路连接切换到备用电源，从而观察到输出波形基本上不会中断。 可以对逆变器进行操作，以向静态开关中的SCR提供换向脉冲，以便在切断对门的触发信号之后以及在逆变器将AC电力提供给负载之前换向可能继续导通的SCR。 连接在输入端子和静态开关之间的继电器被控制以在静态开关中断到电流到负载的电流之后打开继电器触点，从而提供交流电力系统与不间断电力系统的正电隔离，同时允许机械继电器 触点仅在无电流时才切换。 线路故障检测通过产生由AC输入波形的先前周期的平均值组成的数字波形，将存储的波形转换成模拟信号，并将其与当前输入信号进行相位锁定，以检测其中的偏差 来自参考波形的输入信号。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for determination of battery run-time in uninterruptible power system 失效用于确定不间断电源系统中电池运行时间的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5295078A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-15
申请号：US883501
申请日：1992-05-15
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , Y10T307/625
摘要： The run-time on battery power available from an uninterruptible power system is accurately determined both during supply of power from the battery through an inverter to the load and during the time where power is supplied directly from an AC power system to the load. During power outages where power is supplied from the battery through the inverter to the load, the output voltage of the battery is directly measured as is the output current supplied to the load. The remaining run-time is determined utilizing the measured battery voltage, the measured output current, and system specifications including the full charge open circuit voltage of the battery, the allowable lower limit of battery voltage, and constants which are characteristic of the uninterruptible power supply and the battery. When power is supplied from the AC power system to the load, the open circuit voltage of the battery is measured initially, and then during the time that the battery is being recharged the open circuit battery voltage is calculated based on the initial open circuit voltage adjusted by a factor porportional to the time that the battery has been charged. The calculated open circuit voltage is used to calculate a battery voltage under load conditions by subtracting a term proportional to output current. These estimates are then utilized to calculate run-time in a manner similar to that used to calculate run-time when the battery is loaded. Thus, the inverter need not be turned on to supply power to the load solely for the purpose of testing the battery.
摘要翻译： 在从电池通过逆变器向负载供电并且在从AC电力系统直接供电到负载的时间期间，可以准确地确定来自不间断电力系统的可用电池电量的运行时间。 在从电池通过变频器向负载供电的停电期间，直接测量电池的输出电压，并将其提供给负载的输出电流。 剩余的运行时间是利用测量的电池电压，测量的输出电流以及系统规格来确定的，包括电池的全充电开路电压，电池电压的允许下限以及不间断电源的特性的常数 和电池。 当从交流电源系统向负载供电时，初始测量电池的开路电压，然后在电池再充电时，开路电池电压根据初始开路电压调整 通过与电池充电时间的比例。 计算的开路电压用于通过减去与输出电流成比例的项来计算负载条件下的电池电压。 然后利用这些估计来计算运行时间，其方式类似于当加载电池时计算运行时间的运行时间。 因此，为了测试电池的目的，逆变器不需要接通以为负载供电。
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公开(公告)号：US20090146637A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-11
申请号：US11952673
申请日：2007-12-07
IPC分类号： G05B24/02
CPC分类号： H01H9/0005 , H01F29/04 , H01H9/542
摘要： A load tap changer includes a single mechanical switch that is movable to create, in a first position, a first conducting path between a first transformer tap and a load. When the switch is in a second position, the switch creates a second conducting path between a second transformer tap and the load. A first thyristor pair or other device creates a first alternate conducting path between the first transformer tap and the load when the switch is disengaged from the first position. A second thyristor pair or other device creates a second alternate conducting path between the second transformer tap and the load when the mechanical switch is disengaged from the second position. Each thyristor pair may be selectively triggered to provide a conducting path when voltage across either thyristor pair exceeds a predetermined level. A gate trigger circuit may be included for each thyristor pair, and a gate control circuit may control each of the gate trigger circuits.
摘要翻译： 有载分接开关包括单个机械开关，其可移动以在第一位置中产生第一变压器抽头和负载之间的第一导电路径。 当开关处于第二位置时，开关在第二变压器抽头和负载之间产生第二导电路径。 当开关从第一位置脱离时，第一晶闸管对或其它装置在第一变压器抽头和负载之间产生第一交替导电路径。 当机械开关从第二位置脱离时，第二晶闸管对或其它装置在第二变压器抽头和负载之间产生第二交替导电路径。 当晶闸管对上的电压超过预定电平时，可以选择性地触发每个晶闸管对以提供导通路径。 每个晶闸管对可以包括一个栅极触发电路，一个栅极控制电路可以控制每个栅极触发电路。
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公开(公告)号：US4423459A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-27
申请号：US365554
申请日：1982-04-05
CPC分类号： H02H3/44 , H02H3/0935
摘要： A control for an AC circuit protection system which is capable of monitoring either single phase or polyphase current flow. The composite current envelope is periodically sampled and the sample values converted into digital form. Succeeding current signals are tested to determine whether they deviate from previous samples by a given amount. Non-deviant samples increment a first counter, while deviant samples increment a second counter. The ratio of the counts is used to recognize current imbalance and control system parameters are adjusted to compensate for the imbalance.
摘要翻译： 一种能够监测单相或多相电流的交流电路保护系统的控制。 复合电流包络被周期性地采样，并将样本值转换为数字形式。 测试成功的电流信号，以确定它们是否偏离先前的样品一定量。 非偏差样本增加第一个计数器，而异常样本增加第二个计数器。 计数的比例用于识别当前的不平衡，并且调整控制系统参数以补偿不平衡。
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公开(公告)号：US4378580A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-29
申请号：US320415
申请日：1981-11-12
申请人： Frederick A. Stich
发明人： Frederick A. Stich
IPC分类号： H02H7/122 , H02P7/29 , H03K17/08 , H03K17/082 , H02H7/20
CPC分类号： H02P7/29 , H02H7/1227 , H03K17/0826 , H03K2017/0806
摘要： A conduction limit protective arrangement for a power transistor switch regulated by a train of control pulses is disclosed which automatically changes the conduction limit as a function of the voltage, current, and temperature conditions to which the switch is subjected so that it is within its safe operating area limits at all times, thereby permitting the switch to carry maximum current while being fully protected at all times.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种由一串控制脉冲调节的功率晶体管开关的导通限制保护装置，其自动地改变作为开关受到的电压，电流和温度条件的函数的导通极限，使得其在其安全 操作区域限制，从而允许开关在始终被完全保护的同时承载最大电流。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06266260B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-24
申请号：US09653383
申请日：2000-09-01
IPC分类号： H02M75387
摘要： Presented is a center switching circuit and an inverter and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) utilizing same. The center switching circuit selectively enables and disables power flow to and from the bus capacitors of an inverter or UPS. As such, the center switching circuitry effectively removes the bus capacitors from the circuit. This allows operation of the inverter or UPS in a high efficiency mode whereby input line voltage may be passed essentially without compensation to the output when the center switching circuit is open. Modulation of the center switching circuit during this mode provides soft charging of the bus capacitors so that they are available to source current in a double-conversion or DC boost mode upon degradation or loss of the line voltage. To supply output power from the bus capacitors, the center switching circuit is closed to associate these capacitors with the neutral. Fault isolation is provided during operation by opening the center switching circuit to prevent power flow from the bus capacitors.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种中心开关电路和逆变器以及利用它的不间断电源（UPS）。 中心切换电路选择性地启用和禁止来自逆变器或UPS的总线电容器的功率流。 因此，中心开关电路有效地从电路中去除总线电容器。 这允许逆变器或UPS以高效率模式运行，由此当中心开关电路断开时，输入线路电压基本上可以不输出到输出端。 在此模式下，中心开关电路的调制提供了总线电容器的软充电，使得它们可以在降级或降低线路电压时以双转换或直流升压模式供电。 为了从总线电容器提供输出功率，中心开关电路闭合以将这些电容器与中性点相关联。 通过打开中心开关电路来防止电力从总线电容器流出，从而在运行期间提供故障隔离。
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公开(公告)号：US5729120A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US781896
申请日：1996-12-30
IPC分类号： G05F1/613
CPC分类号： G05F1/613 , Y10T307/615
摘要： Instabilities in the output voltage provided from an AC power supply system such as an uninterruptible power supply connected to a power factor correcting load are suppressed by a dynamic voltage regulation stabilizer system which is connected across the output lines from the power supply system to the load. The DVR stabilizer system includes a rectifier connected to the power supply system output lines. A capacitor is connected across the output nodes of the rectifier. Switching devices form a bridge that connects the capacitor to the output lines. Selected switching devices in the bridge are turned on for a selected duration encompassing the time of the peak of each half-cycle of the AC voltage waveform provided by the power supply system. During normal operation, where the peak AC voltage from the power supply system is substantially constant, the capacitor charges up through the rectifier to a voltage level near the peak value of the AC voltage waveform. When the peak AC voltage level rises above the normal peak level, the capacitor clamps the voltage across the output lines at a value near the steady state peak value. When the peak voltage level drops below the normal peak value, the capacitor discharges through the switching device bridge during the peak of the half-cycle to fill in for the voltage drop. The DVR stabilizer system thus reduces the effect of interactions between the power supply system and the PFC load, to thereby dampen oscillations and stabilize the AC voltage waveform.
摘要翻译： 由连接于功率因数校正负载的不间断电源等交流电源系统所提供的输出电压的不稳定度通过从电源系统到负载的输出线连接的动态电压调节稳定器系统来抑制。 DVR稳定器系统包括连接到电源系统输出线的整流器。 电容器连接在整流器的输出节点上。 开关器件形成将电容器连接到输出线的桥。 电桥中所选择的开关装置在电源系统提供的交流电压波形的每个半周期的峰值时间内被选定的持续时间。 在正常运行期间，电源系统的峰值交流电压基本恒定，电容器将通过整流器充电至接近交流电压波形峰值的电压电平。 当峰值交流电压电平上升到高于正常峰值电平时，电容器将钳位输出线上的电压值接近稳态峰值。 当峰值电压降低到正常峰值以下时，电容在半周期的峰值期间通过开关器件桥放电，以填补电压降。 DVR稳定器系统因此降低了电源系统和PFC负载之间的相互作用的影响，从而抑制振荡并稳定交流电压波形。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for adaptive and corrective determination of battery run-time in uninterruptible power systems 失效用于不间断电源系统中电池运行时间的自适应和校正确定的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5615129A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US390972
申请日：1995-02-21
CPC分类号： H02J9/062 , G04C10/00 , G04G19/10 , H02J2009/067 , Y10S320/21 , Y10T307/625
摘要： The run-time available from an uninterruptible power system is accurately determined both during supply of power from the battery to the load and during the time where power is supplied directly from an AC power system to the load. During power outages, where power is supplied from the battery through the inverter to the load, the remaining run-time is first estimated by calculation and then corrected by modification of the calculated value according to the reciprocal of the run-time slope. Alternatively, a scaling factor is used as part of the first run-time calculations and a correction factor which applies more corrective weight as the time on inverter progresses may be used. During power outages and when power is supplied from the AC power system to the load the maximum available run-time is extrapolated from a table of values representing maximum available run-times at various levels of power being supplied to the load from a fully charged battery. These values are updated after inverter runs to reflect actual system run-times. The maximum run-times are thereby adapted to reflect battery aging and other unique characteristics of the system.
摘要翻译： 在从电池供电到负载以及从AC电力系统直接供电到负载的时间期间，都可以准确地确定来自不间断电力系统的运行时间。 在断电时，从电池通过逆变器向负载供电，剩余的运行时间首先通过计算估计，然后根据运行时间斜率的倒数修改计算值来进行修正。 或者，使用缩放因子作为第一运行时计算的一部分，并且可以使用在逆变器进行时间时应用更多校正重量的校正因子。 在停电期间以及从交流电源系统向负载供电时，可以从表中的最大可用运行时间表中推算出最大可用运行时间，该值表示从完全充电的电池向不同级别的电源供电 。 这些值在变频器运行后更新，以反映实际的系统运行时间。 因此，最大运行时间适合于反映电池老化和系统的其他独特特性。
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公开(公告)号：US4456871A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-26
申请号：US365861
申请日：1982-04-05
申请人： Frederick A. Stich
发明人： Frederick A. Stich
CPC分类号： H02H1/06 , H02M7/1555
摘要： An inexpensive power supply for an electconic control system or the like which is capable of converting a wide range of applied AC voltages into a regulated output voltage. A thyristor is coupled in series with an input terminal and a threshold device, such as a Zener diode, placed across the input terminals and paralleled by an RC circuit coupled to the thyrisor gate. Another capacitor is coupled to the thyristor cathode. A ramp-like voltage impressed on the thyristor gate effects triggering at a phase angle which varies in accordance with output voltage. The electronic control system outputs a uniform train of pulses which serve to disable a circuit interrupter. Termination or disruption of the pulse train causes the interrupter to open the protected circuit.
摘要翻译： 用于电子控制系统等的便宜的电源，其能够将宽范围的施加的AC电压转换成稳定的输出电压。 晶闸管与输入端子和诸如齐纳二极管的阈值器件串联耦合，该器件放置在输入端子两端并且由耦合到甲苯门的RC电路并联。 另一个电容器耦合到晶闸管阴极。 施加在晶闸管栅极上的斜坡电压以相位角发生触发，该相角根据输出电压而变化。 电子控制系统输出统一的脉冲串，用于禁用电路断路器。 脉冲串的终止或中断使断路器打开受保护的电路。
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公开(公告)号：US4048554A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US744131
申请日：1976-11-22
申请人： Frederick A. Stich
发明人： Frederick A. Stich
CPC分类号： H02M7/525 , H02M7/5152
摘要： A static polyphase inverter for supplying variable frequency, variable magnitude voltage to a load such as a polyphase motor has a transistor chopper between a unidirectional power source and an inverter bridge having n phase legs each of which includes a load current carrying controlled rectifier in series with the emitter-collector path of a transistor switch and the junction therebetween connected a phase winding of the motor; time ratio controlling means including a constant frequency oscillator for modulating the chopper at the constant oscillator frequency and for regulating the width of pulses conducted by the chopper as a function of the magnitude of an analog command signal; means for selectively controlling the switching frequency of the load current carrying controlled rectifiers as a function of the magnitude of the analog command signal to establish the inverter fundamental output frequency; means for intermittently applying a bias source in opposite polarity to the anode-cathode path of the controlled rectifiers when the transistor chopper is off to commutate them when they are not carrying load current; and means for synchronizing the switching of the chopper to the modulation frequency so the chopper is reset at the beginning of each half cycle of modulation frequency.
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