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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4355235A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-19
申请号：US142737
申请日：1980-04-22
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
摘要： The invention relates to a device for measuring irradiation capable of modifying the charge of an electret. It is arranged in a portable cassette, between two electrodes held separated by a part and connected to a measuring circuit. A conductive shutter is movable parallel to itself and to the electret between this electret and than electrode, so as to alternately mask this electret with respect to this electrode and to render the electret visible to the electrode. The measurement exploits differences in charge of the electret read according to the movements of the shutter.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测量能够改变驻极体电荷的辐射的装置。 它被布置在便携式盒式磁带中，两个电极之间被一个部分隔开并连接到测量电路。 导电快门可平行于其自身和该驻极体与电极之间的驻极体移动，以便相对于该电极交替地掩蔽该驻极体并使驻极体对电极可见。 该测量根据快门的移动来利用驻极体读数的电荷差异。
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公开(公告)号：US4263589A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-21
申请号：US059105
申请日：1979-07-19
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
IPC分类号： G01R31/02 , H01H9/16 , H01H37/76 , H01H59/00 , H01H85/044 , H01H85/30 , H01H85/46 , H02H3/04 , G08B21/00
CPC分类号： H02H3/046 , H01H59/00 , H01H85/306 , H01H2059/009
摘要： The device comprises means for applying a DC voltage U as a function of the voltage taken from the terminals of a fuse between a fixed electrode and a movable electrode forming together a capacitor. The movable electrode is urged towards the fixed electrode by an electret fast to the latter and in the opposite direction by a magnet and by the voltage U. As soon as this voltage exceeds a threshold corresponding to the rupture of the fuse, the movable electrode swings over and closes a switch for warning purposes.
摘要翻译： 该装置包括用于施加直流电压U的装置，该直流电压U是从固定电极和可动电极之间的熔断器的端子取得的电压的函数，形成电容器。 可动电极通过驻极体向固定电极施力，并通过磁铁和电压U沿相反方向被推向固定电极。一旦该电压超过对应于保险丝破裂的阈值，则可动电极摆动 关闭一个开关，用于警告。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4227086A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-07
申请号：US899862
申请日：1978-04-25
申请人： Gerard Dreyfus , Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
发明人： Gerard Dreyfus , Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： H01H59/00 , G01R19/16514 , G01R19/16585 , G01R5/28 , G01T1/14 , H01H2059/009
摘要： The device is able to detect the exceeding of a given threshold by a parameter, other than an electric voltage, capable of affecting the electrostatic force of attraction exerted between a charged electret and one, of two electrodes between which said electret is placed, said parameter being for instance an ionizing radiation. The two electrodes are at the same electric potential and the device also comprises return means for urging the first electrode and the electret permanently apart, and means for using the relative displacement of said elements, when it occurs, for desired detection purposes.
摘要翻译： 该装置能够通过能够影响施加在带电的驻极体与静电驻极体之间的两个电极之间的静电吸引力的参数（除了电压）来检测给定阈值的超过，所述驻极体位于其间的两个电极，所述参数 例如是电离辐射。 两个电极处于相同的电位，并且该装置还包括用于将第一电极和驻极体永久地分开的返回装置，以及用于当发生时使用所述元件的相对位移的装置，用于期望的检测目的。
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4.发明授权Devices adapted to detect variations in magnetic flux notably circuit breakers 失效适用于检测磁通量变化的装置，特别是断路器
公开(公告)号：US4285022A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US58261
申请日：1979-07-17
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： H01H83/144 , H01H59/00 , H02H3/33 , H01H2059/009
摘要： The device detects variations in magnetic flux so that the passage through a given threshold by the amplitude of such a variation per unit time is manifested by the movement of an element adapted to trigger an action. It comprises a practically closed electrical circuit, such as a winding, arranged and mounted so that the variation in magnetic flux to be detected generates by induction at the terminals of this winding an electrical voltage V, two electrodes forming a capacitor, one of which is movable with respect to the other, an electret interposed between these two electrodes and whose charge produces a field exerting on these electrodes an electrostatic force H tending to bring them mutually together, means for forming a rectified voltage U from said voltage V and for applying this voltage U between the two electrodes in a direction such that the field which results therefrom is opposite that generated by the electret and hence tends to reduce the force H, and means urging the movable electrode scarcely reversibly in the opposite direction to the force H. The force G of these urging means and the charge of the electret are selected so that the overshoots by the voltage U of a predetermined threshold U.sub.o corresponding to the level to be detected of the magnetic flux-generating phenomenon cause swings of the movable electrode from its vigilance position to its active position, the triggering of said action being servocoupled to said swings.
摘要翻译： 该装置检测磁通量的变化，使得通过适应于触发动作的元件的移动来表示通过每单位时间的这种变化幅度的给定阈值的通过。 它包括几乎闭合的电路，例如绕组，布置和安装，使得待检测的磁通量的变化通过在该绕组的端子处的感应产生电压V，形成电容器的两个电极，其中之一是 相对于另一个可移动，插入在这两个电极之间的驻极体，并且其电荷产生在这些电极上施加趋向于使它们相互连接在一起的静电力H的场，用于从所述电压V形成整流电压U的装置， 两个电极之间的电压U使得由此产生的场与由驻极体产生的场相反，因此倾向于降低力H的方向，并且在与力H相反的方向上几乎不可逆地推动可动电极的装置。 选择这些推动装置的力G和驻极体的电荷，使得由预定的电压U的过冲 保持对应于待检测的磁通量产生现象的水平的Uo导致可动电极从其警戒位置的摆动到其活动位置，所述动作的触发被伺服耦合到所述摆动。
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公开(公告)号：US4194189A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-18
申请号：US891466
申请日：1978-03-29
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： H01H59/00 , H01H2059/009
摘要： The invention concerns a switching device using electrets. It comprises at least two electrodes and at least two electrets; control signals are applied between electrodes to cause a mobile element carrying an electret to pass from one rest position to the other.Application to electrical, pneumatic and optical switching.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种使用驻极体的开关装置。 它包括至少两个电极和至少两个驻极体; 控制信号施加在电极之间以使携带驻极体的移动元件从一个静止位置传递到另一个。 适用于电气，气动和光学切换。
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公开(公告)号：US4401891A
公开(公告)日：1983-08-30
申请号：US226760
申请日：1981-01-21
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Gerard Dreyfus , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： G01T1/142
摘要： The device comprises, on the one hand, a cassette containing an electret between two electrodes and, on the other hand, a fixed reader adapted to receive the cassette in a pocket, to identify it, to measure the charge of its electret and to display data relating to this charge. This reader comprises also a head adapted to record the data on an area (or strip) of the cassette and there are provided readers independent of the aforesaid reader adapted to subsequently receive the cassette, to measure the charge of its electret, to read the data and, by difference between the measured value and that read, to display the radiation dose received by the cassette since its recording.
摘要翻译： 该装置一方面包括在两个电极之间包含驻极体的盒，另一方面，包括适于将盒子收纳在口袋中的固定读取器，以识别它，以测量其驻极体的电荷并显示 与此费用有关的数据。 该阅读器还包括头部，其适用于将数据记录在盒的区域（或条带）上，并且提供独立于上述读取器的读取器，其适于随后接收盒式磁带，以测量其驻极体的电荷，以读取数据 并且通过测量值和读取之间的差异来显示由于记录而被盒子接收的辐射剂量。
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公开(公告)号：US4546257A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-08
申请号：US543320
申请日：1983-10-19
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino , Claude Hennion
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino , Claude Hennion
CPC分类号： G01T7/125
摘要： The invention provides a device for measuring ionizing radiations, comprising a Geiger-Muller tube (1) whose high supply voltage is obtained from pulses which are emitted (by 6,7) at a constant relatively low frequency as long as a predetermined threshold is not exceeded by the intensity of the radiation and (by 6,7,4 and 32) at an increasing frequency depending on the output of the tube, after said threshold has been exceeded. Thus, alarm dosimeters having very long independent operation may be formed.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于测量电离辐射的装置，包括盖革 - 穆勒管（1），其高电源电压是从脉冲以恒定相对较低的频率发射（6,7）的脉冲获得的，只要预定的阈值不是 在超过所述阈值之后，根据管的输出以增加的频率超过辐射强度（和6,7,4和32）。 因此，可以形成具有非常长的独立操作的报警剂量计。
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公开(公告)号：US5486423A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US182707
申请日：1994-01-13
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： H01G7/025
摘要： For making an SiO.sub.2 electret, a layer of SiO.sub.2 is formed on a solid substrate (5) by chemical vapor deposition in a vapor phase starting from a plasma containing silicon and oxygen and the layer so formed (10) is subjected to a thermal treatment by raising its temperature to above 100.degree. C. during a time period longer than 1 hour, before being electrically charged.
摘要翻译： 为了制造SiO 2驻极体，通过从含有硅和氧的等离子体开始的气相中的化学气相沉积在固体基板（5）上形成SiO 2层，并且将如此形成的层（10）进行热处理 在超过1小时的时间内将其温度升至100℃以上，然后再充电。
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公开(公告)号：US5565717A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US248051
申请日：1994-05-24
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino
CPC分类号： H01G7/02 , Y10S55/39 , Y10T29/49226
摘要： To manufacture a thin sheet electret of small size having charge distributed in very uniform manner, even at its edges, use is made of a device comprising a grounded electrode (2) for supporting a dielectric (1) to be charged, means for generating ions (3) in the vicinity of the dielectric, a grid (4) extending parallel to the surface to be charged of the dielectric, at a small distance from said face, and raised to an electric potential different from ground potential and a conductive frame (7) that is insulated from the electrode and that is electrically connected to the grid, said frame surrounding the dielectric and forming a single block with the electrode.
摘要翻译： 为了制造具有以非常均匀的方式分布的电荷的小尺寸的薄片驻极体，即使在其边缘，也使用包括用于支撑要充电的电介质（1）的接地电极（2）的装置，用于产生离子的装置 （3）在电介质附近，在与所述面相距较小的距离处平行于电介质的被充电表面延伸并且升高到不同于地电势的电位的栅格（4）和导电框架（ 7），其与电极绝缘并且电连接到栅格，所述框架围绕电介质并且与电极形成单个块。
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公开(公告)号：US4441134A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-03
申请号：US359494
申请日：1982-03-18
申请人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino , Claude Hennion
发明人： Jacques Lewiner , Didier Perino , Claude Hennion
摘要： The invention relates to a circuit breaker for cutting off the two AC supply leads of an electrical receiver from the time of creation of a leakage current F between said receiver and ground through a human body. This circuit breaker comprises a differential transformer generating a faulty voltage V.sub.O, a relay with contacts open when it is not energized, and means (A.sub.1,A.sub.2, . . . A.sub.n ; R.sub.1,R.sub.2 . . . R.sub.n) supplied by the system, adapted to exploit the voltage V.sub.O for the purposes of energizing the relay if the current F is dangerous or at least unpleasant in its intensity and/or its duration, without however being sensitive to disturbances.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种断路器，用于在通过人体产生所述接收器和接地之间的漏电流F时，切断电接收器的两个AC电源引线。 该断路器包括产生故障电压VO的差分变压器，当未通电时触点断开的继电器，以及由系统提供的装置（A1，A2，...，R1，R2 ... Rn） 如果电流F是危险的或至少在其强度和/或其持续时间令人不愉快的情况下，利用电压VO来为继电器通电，而不对干扰敏感。
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